Digital battery

Wu citizen members of the public to give the market for the repair of the battery, “legislative rule” message to see the network has caused a lot of reader attention. Everyone has an idea: Since people know that Wu market electric car VGP-BPS9/S VGP-BPS9/B battery repair, delicate, why not take a great Jie Mi, so that we can no longer be duped?

 

3, Wu called on citizens to be journalists, he learned the details of the market for electric cars battery maintenance “hidden rules” and how to avoid these sensitive, responding to proposals put forward.

 

Tricky, this one: Can the proposed amendments change the battery

 

Electric bicycles are three main parts: engine, battery (batteries) and the controller. Three parties, the high rate of battery failure, sensitive, both hidden in cells.

 

Many consumers feel the electric car “Er Meijin”, or charge the battery can not be taken to the maintenance activity, which often heard the suggestion: “You can not use the battery and dispose!

 

Why do companies do to encourage consumers to replace the battery? It turned out that the battery manufacturers to dealers the life of the battery is often more than a year, while the dealer sold to consumers at the promise of shelf life are often not exceeding one year. Thus, if consumers in about a year, 346970-001 367759-001 battery problems, you must re-purchase of the battery. Batteries May also manufacturers warranty period, the registered dealer for manufacturers to get the old batteries could be in exchange for a new set of batteries, but consumers need their own money to buy a new battery.

 

Yes, under what circumstances the battery at the end for her? Wu citizens say that battery problems are many reasons, but outside of a drum package, gunpowder, “off grid and plate short circuit, damage to the shell of these four cases, batteries in general do not change as long as the service can continue to use.

 

Our approach: drum package is the result of excessive battery charging, the battery has been distorted drums, consumers may feel their hands touching, shell damage can also be visual. “Off powdered and plaques on isolated and short-circuiting the need to open the battery before we can see that if the maintenance contractors for the replacement of these two reasons, consumers can make maintenance providers on to open up the battery monitor. Dell Inspiron B130 battery  Dell Inspiron E1505 battery

 

Tricky, 2: “Trade-ins” and the “old for old”

 

One year shelf life period of the battery problems and some vendors will swap the same model for consumer products. Some consumers may find that the number of batteries for most problems over the frequency, the crucial point where?

 

It turned out that a number of repair shops to reduce the rate of battery scrap to reduce the loss of battery manufacturer, the “three guarantees” period of batteries back to back multi-taken ” repairing the old with the old approach. “Some will replace the defective batteries lead, and some use more than half a year to complete the electrolyte of the battery or the aging of the battery to eliminate hardening treatment, there are other batteries will be assembling and disassembling.

 

One can imagine the quality of refurbished batteries, consumers have a new set of money, you bought is the addition of new batteries. These batteries are generally a very short life, can not guarantee that the use of time. IBM ThinkPad R52 battery IBM ThinkPad T40 battery

 

To meet the challenges: how to identify old batteries? Wu citizens, first, to see joint Department no trace of solder or hand and the second is to look clean and not clean shells, batteries refurbished, there will always leave clues used, third is new when you first check the battery is changed the packaging of the battery, it is best to check by yourself and then break the seal.

 

Tricky, 3: The new battery is guilty of fraud

 

Wu said that the citizens, since most consumers do not understand the market for electric vehicles battery and a low maintenance new car battery are also likely to be maintenance companies “perpetrating a fraud.”

 

For example, bought a new high capacity 48V/20A battery electric vehicles, in repair, if the salary is not careful, the new battery may be replaced by a 48V/17A. Is also a new battery, the price difference is not small: 48V/17A battery 48V/20A PA3395U-1BRS PA3399U-1BAS battery cheaper than the 100 yuan or more, the corresponding power is reduced.

 

Our approach in the repair of electric vehicles before, we must clearly understand the main parts of electric cars - batteries, electric motors and related parts of the model, the interview should be checked at the end.

 

Tricky, 4: Li Gui, “as” Li Kui “sell

 

Wu said that people at present the city electric vehicle battery market, the common brands are five or six years because the battery there is a huge advantage, the market there were some imitations.

 

The “days” to the mark, for example, this battery is produced by a manufacturer, Zhejiang, is a national inspection-free products, many consumers are the most brand recognition. However, there are now on the market entitled “Luoyang days can” stack, “Days of Luoyang may” and Zhejiang “days can”, just as marked in the central part of the battery are great ‘days may ” the mark, just below the use of small fonts are less Luoyang origin labeling. Speaking are “days of” selling and may also be the same price, available until a big difference! apple MacBook 13 inch battery  apple MacBook Pro 15 inch battery

 

Our approach: selection of a new battery or replace the battery is sure to see the origin and related technical specifications and instructions as well as the introduction to the compatibility of business. Repair shop is the use of consumers does not understand the quotes of “mischief”.

 

Tricky, 5: Repair of distilled water as liquid

 

Liquid battery repair is diluted sulfuric acid and some chemical additives, according to a certain proportion of liquid. Generally, a group of four batteries, the cost to repair the battery of a normal fluid is 80 to 100 yuan per month.

 

However, if you use distilled water or purified water instead of liquid repair battery, “fix” the battery does not take long for the bad, and they must re-repair. Because distilled water is not a fixed liquid water in the case of the battery more than distilled water, before there are results. If the battery is missing in acid, then placed in the water, battery performance will be worse.

 

Citizens Wu said that in cell repair, maintenance staff to tell you if the use of “rehabilitation of water (liquid), and the battery charge is 10 yuan each, when is used in the battery is certainly not a real solution. LCBTP03003  Aspire 3000 battery

 

Our approach in maintaining the battery, the maintenance personnel to see added is marked with a regular manufacturer and address of the repair fluid, but also allows the maintenance personnel can use after the time indicated maintenance batteries. Because the lead in repairing the battery acid, adding the liquid cell can repair the battery capacity recovery was greater after repair using the time should be longer.

 

Tricky, 6: a battery for a button to see how the change

 

Packs of battery electric vehicles, consisting of three or four batteries, and sometimes occur in what situation a bad battery. Some consumers feel sorry for the Money: Since the battery is just all wrong, then replace the bad singing together. Some maintenance providers Mozhun consumer psychology will also recommend that you change only a fragment of the battery. For now be careful: all words any problem with the VGP-BPL8A  VGP-BPL9 battery, the key to see how changed.

 

Because each battery voltage is not the same as the other, there will be a low voltage difference, even in the same factory produced the same batch of cells, we can not eliminate this voltage difference. Individual cells in series into a stack, there will be the battery voltage “consistency” problem, the battery voltage “consistency” is poor, it will significantly affect battery life. It is as if the effort everyone is different, some people with different resistance to act on an object, the greater the difference in their own strength, accidents most likely.

 

Consequently, some consumers will find a group of them together after replacing the battery, a battery when the whole can not be used, and this time, companies are waiting for you to take money for new batteries ones.

 

Our approach: To replace a battery, be sure to let the maintenance contractors must be properly measured, the smallest piece of the selection pressure to replace the batteries.

 

Citizens Wu concluded that the buyer is not the essence of the seller, the seller of small ways to make money without end. To clean the market for electric vehicles battery maintenance, in addition to the standards of marketing and business self-regulation, rights of consumer protection should also establish a sense of documentary evidence left behind all care. In addition, the choice of replacing the battery should be the first of a guaranteed quality of the battery brand, covet not cheap to replace in the informal stalls, you can maximize risk aversion

BYD F3DM launch the fastest dual mode electric vehicles present, except for a very small trial batches in Shenzhen, the market is still difficult to find their mark. There are various indications that the new Energy Line racing car technology, electric vehicles, China has become the new energy vehicle development, the main direction.

 

Electric vehicles in emerging strategic industries

 

Last Tuesday, workers issued by the Ministry of the fifth letter of energy conservation and new projects to demonstrate energy vehicles to promote the use of the VGP-BPS10 repertoire list of recommended models. In the list directory recommended, Sunwin Shanghai, Jiangsu, often long and Liuzhou Wuling three cases of three electric vehicles, so impressive.

 

In fact, since the first catalog of first car lots issued 193 energy saving projects and new demonstration vehicle to promote the energy use of models has been recommended to date, the Ministry of the letter published in five batches 46, all kinds of new energy vehicles, electric vehicles accounted for 28 models, not only more than all other technologies combined routes of new energy vehicles, but manufacturers are involved in Dongfeng, Chang’an, Chery BYD, Hafei, almost 20.

 

In addition, electric vehicles, and more recently “promoted” as a “new energy, energy saving environmental protection, electric cars, new materials, new medicines, bio-farming and industries of the information, “the seven new strategic industries” Seven “and one, all types of sufficient showing that countries have electric cars rather than VGP-BPS9/S technical in line with other new energy vehicles, like the future of strategic industries the country.

 

Previously, over a month, U.S. President Barack Obama during his visit, the electric car is also included in the release of the two heads of state signed the “Sino-US Joint Statement.”

 

The manufacturers of electric cars boom lifting force Qi

 

Policies to promote electric cars face a “wind” blowing hit, but at the enterprise level, electric cars feeding fat, “Thunder disaster” also rings frequently.

 

Last Thursday, the Shanghai Automotive and the United States A 123 Systems Inc. jointly announced that both sides of the shares in accordance with 51:49 ratio, the establishment of Shanghai Czech Republic, New Power Battery Systems Co. , Ltd. to jointly develop, manufacture and sale system vehicle battery power. As battery technology lithium iron phosphate in a corporation listed on NASDAQ in the foreground, A 123 now has a world-renowned large scale lithium-ion battery systems and batteries capacity. The industry generally believe that Shanghai Automotive and the A 123 of the cooperation will help achieve a new energy vehicles, Shanghai Automotive Industry Development Strategy and the key components in the battery system on the industrial development of the formation of ‘breakthrough.

 

At the same time, the reporter learned Hafei Motor, the company produced high-speed electric cars has been Saibao “Zheng Zhunsheng ‘official entry into the national high-speed production of electric vehicles directory. Hafei vehicle related sources, which can be vehicles of industrial production will soon be the first to enter the scope of government procurement in China.

 

In addition, the annual production capacity of pure electric vehicles in the 10000 Air Car power project was installed in Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical port. The project with Anhui, Chongqing, Henan, Guizhou and other places a number of car manufacturers have signed a long term cooperation agreement framework, and on this basis, the domestic VGP-BPS9A/B automakers and large-scale cooperation production of pure electric vehicles, a project is completed in 2012, the project can produce a pure electric car 10000.

 

Combining the previous mode double F3D M BYD E6 Electric Car, electric cars Chery S18, Beiqi “Beijing” BE701 mark Pure electric cars coming and Shanghai Automotive buses and electric cars, electric vehicles off the Unit, has been a marked increase in coverage other technical line of new energy vehicles. Fearing that the plane manufacturers in the optical current electric vehicles in terms of production and sales, the future of new energy vehicles will account for more than half.

 

Electric Vehicles Take-Sheung sandaokan “off”

 

However, despite the heat wave of electric vehicles, but the country does not dare to promise a company at a given time, will definitely launch its own electric vehicles. F3D M BYD dual-mode electric vehicles, announced the end of this year on the market, but outside of a very small trial batches in Shenzhen, the market is difficult to find the trail; Chery S18 also complained of be available this year, but understanding, the car during the year’s announcement was completely “Moxi”! Chery and Changan Electric Vehicle R & D-related person said that currently limit the development of the domestic electric car, there are three main factors: one is produced electric vehicle itself, one is its cost, it is one is its use of infrastructure.

 

It is understood that the basic technology of electric vehicles include four, namely, sony VGP-BPS2 battery technology, motor and control technology, vehicle technology and techniques of electrical energy management. In China, despite BYD, SAIC, Chery, Chang’an and so a few years ago began research on electric vehicles and development, and each has made great progress in the fields. However, the current situation, several major companies developing electric cars are still in some respects, there are advantages but there are other aspects of the situation in the short board. BYD battery technologies as well, but the technology of electric vehicles, but not obvious, Shanghai motor vehicle technology and energy management, it has been more advantages, but its battery for another great challenge.

 

The cost of electric vehicles from the point of view, as the generation of new products, its sales volume after industrialization can not be expected, many manufacturers have expressed their stakeholders, the market for electric cars for at least same platform as the price of traditional gasoline engine of the car 50% higher over. In fact, BYD F3D M nearly 15 million market value point of view, the least expensive compared to F3, a full price of more than 9 million yuan, this situation will undoubtedly limit the speed of vehicles electric market. In China, despite Chongqing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hangzhou and other cities have increased to subsidize the use of new energy vehicles, but the VGP-BPS9A specific pairs of electric vehicles on how the subsidies are not an explicit statement to date.

 

Infrastructure for the use of electric vehicles is another cost. Based on the characteristics of electric vehicles, how to ensure the load quickly and easily to maintain the range of travel of electric vehicles, electric vehicles will obviously become a limiting factor in the development of a key. Now, look you require vehicle electrical training environments has a perfect network of charging stations, automakers and utilities rely solely on efforts are clearly inadequate. Even if he had confidence in the future for electric cars Nissan CEO Luo Card If Geen also pointed out that “electric cars have a bright future, but if the government does not join the perfect electric car charging stations, such as ranks of the construction of electricity infrastructure Automotive future will be more trouble!

1, high-profit event

 

U.S. First Solar’s gross margins above 50%, but such a high gross margin because the company has a core of cadmium telluride thin film technology and its equipment are mostly self-designed, proprietary technology, so their cost than most solar companies is much lower. From the breakdown of costs can be verified that, although First Solar equipment depreciation for 5 years, compared with the other producers have AMAT Applied Materials, Inc. 7 years shorter, but still higher than the depreciation expense of the unity of the amorphous silicon plant AMAT more than 20% lower than the AMAT of the laminated product is 40% or more. First Solar thin-film producers all over the world, a good benchmark, but it’s amazing the goal is not easily available, and the general activities des

 

2, technical risk concerns

 

Due to rapid technological progress, the average price of polysilicon components from the current level of $ 4 / W by 2012, two U.S. dollars / W; thin-film batteries from the current $ 2 / W to $ 1 / W, the thin-film makes solar production capacity could reach 20% of the total solar energy, is now only 7.6%. Thin-film solar sony VGP-BPS2A battery technology must be improved, for example, need to improve the existing microcrystalline silicon coating because the thickness of the microcrystalline silicon solar impact performance. Thin-film solar batteries to do is thin, the conversion rate to improve a significant reduction in thickness to reduce production costs and other metrics. Most of the province of silicon thin-film battery is using a special process that continued gas with silicon deposited on glass carriers can form a layer of paved with nano-scale particles of silicon film as a piece of glass, with an area of up to 1 square meter, or even a few square meters. The thin-film solar batteries in the same size on the weaker power generation capacity than conventional batteries, photoelectric efficiency of only about 6%. Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Energy, according to recent forecasts by the year 2015 this number will increase due to technical advances by 12% to 16%. The world’s most advanced ion-beam deposition of nano-crystalline silicon thin-film technology, China is still empty. Crystalline silicon batteries with very different production technology is widely in manufacturing thin-film battery, like the semiconductor industry, such as vacuum coating technology, key technology have used this level of mastery and advanced directly to the volume of products affected income, indirect impact on the profitability of the company. Thin-film battery industry is a technological innovation on the rapid development of industry is based has been built is to explore one of the best process route too, so the need for continued improvement from the technology point of view thin-film sony VGP-BPS2 battery factory, manufacturers of crystalline silicon solar batteries are producing more need for a strong R & D and technical team. From a technical originality, digest and absorb and re-raise three are usually standards, Chinese companies are only in the most important independent intellectual property rights of long term in a weak position. If you can not catch up, then the thin-film solar batteries has continued to migrate to the “Introduction, backwards, then the introduction of” passive follow the trend of the old road, not in a position to the chain from production to sales of high End-to-fill.

 

3, equipment and raw materials short board

 

Thin-film battery technology development is shorter forms, no common technology and common equipment, the latest large-format thin-film VGP-BPS9/S battery devices offers a turnkey project is primarily the United States, Applied Materials (AMAT), Switzerland, Oerlikon and Japan’s ULVAC 3rd Equipment depreciation is one of the major costs of thin-film batteries, according to the current stock market listing, with the capacity of the battery production line of thin-film silicon prices are 6-10 times, including glass (glass and other conductive glass), EVA, Target and Gas and other important raw material supply, the current international giants are monopolies, high prices and no supply. ITO thin-film batteries require a higher current strength of weak domestic manufacturers, the market especially from Japan, NSG and the U.S. AFG partition. With the outbreak of the domestic production of thin-film batteries to supply most likely the result of the main raw material. Target current domestic supply, which is dominated by large international companies, Heraeus, Germany is the world’s largest supplier on the domestic market share of more than 6 in. Moreover, there is no domestic production of silane, but mainly large international companies with limited expansion opportunities as demand for LCD and other high silane is coupled partial delivery is still in short supply, prices continue to rise to maintain a high level does not exclude the possibility silicon thin films face Queliao risk. In addition, the thin-film cadmium telluride (CdTe) materials, there are still concerns about the toxicity, environmental protection and recovery mechanisms, tellurium supply mechanism hidden dangers, copper-indium-selenium (CTS CIGS) materials, it is the question of indium prices.

 

4, the market risk

 

Everything that is divided into two halves, and look at problems of the market, there must be an objective analysis of dialectical materialism. The great development of the photovoltaic industry, leading to rising prices of key raw material silicon, and finally forced to alternatives to the downstream business, believe it promoted the rapid development of thin-film technology on a very large number of companies find that they have a Starfall, crystalline silicon solar technology found pregnancy dive with a great breakthrough in the pricing on the eve of a sharp. This result is still at the level of the small thin-film Dell Inspiron 8500 battery market and the strong momentum of development will be the impact of changes in market investors form must be fully understood, otherwise errors can occur.

 

5, risks of investing in

 

Currently, Chinese companies have much in the introduction of foreign monopoly, invested thin film solar battery production lines. Three giants of the world, one of the United States, Applied Materials, Inc. amorphous silicon thin film solar modules to produce a series of automatic production line, for instance, to project a total investment of 14 billion yuan, annual production of amorphous silicon thin film solar batteries 500MW, with an annual turnover of 20 billion yuan. Investment intensity per megawatt of production capacity by 2800 or 28 million yuan RMB per watt, a turnover of 40 million yuan to invest grid / MW, or 40 yuan / W. This easy-to tens of billions of investment risk should be carefully examined. Switzerland and Europe Likang automatic production line of thin-film hp PP2182L battery prices of imports of 100 million yuan dollar, combined 700 million yuan. In addition, the production process is environmental issues will consume a large amount of investment in environmental protection department or face opposition.

 

6, financial difficulties

 

Solar PV industry is a money-burning industries, the financing capability of a large company test. But the most dangerous place, but also risky places, is from a philosophical standpoint, the greater the risk, the greater the chances. In other words, there is no opportunity without risk. The wind is now that my votes. With minimal investment to earn the greatest profit, is the eternal view venture capitalists, but also the strategic goal of the philosopher, the two differ only pure venture capitalists will benefit as a goal. Investors on the financing side of the evaluation criteria are mainly two first the profitability of enterprises, followed by the scale. In addition, enterprise system, corporate culture, team composition, executives and others have an assessment. Standing at a higher level view of these questions, we will have time to go see the industry that has little relationship, because the key to see the VGP-BPS10 results. First come, the current environment, then there are other problems can not be generalized.

 

Our answers:

 

1. R & D and commercialization of solar PV companies should also focus on understanding the two. Accurate select the entry point to participate partially in control of the situation with the strategy, both in accordance with national conditions, also in line with the best economic option because the lowest price to produce the best results are always the best choice for investment. “Power wins very brave man to win power disparity wise man.” Achieve control of the situation, do so by local targets, the need for more intelligence to this, because it requires a global vision of a comprehensive strategy, intelligence and strategic courage. People who can not fearful strategy for winning the top spot because it is often the most dangerous, but also the balance of power in force. Big bet on solar PV by the “technology innovation and lower costs” that two keys so that the cost of solar power for the next generation of 0.5 yuan per kWh on the price and VGP-BPS9/B thermal energy equivalent to a strong competitive advantage to connect on the market to the premise of the initiative to regulate the use of large scale, when promoting the market demand burst like a blow-out type, solar batteries on board from the current use of additional alternative energy peak.

 

2. Although the same time, faced with a shortage of materials, technology development, leading talent and its own challenges, such as intellectual property rights very short, but we are committed to their own multi-level research and development team, construct addition, it should with Applied Materials to work as the United States, Japan, ULVAC, Switzerland, Oerlikon thin-film battery technology world, such as monopoly giants technology alliance, which is a good strategic decision.

 

3. Japan’s Sharp Corporation developed a prototype solar batteries on gallium arsenide ingots, has its photoelectric conversion rate reached 25-28.5%, according to the story of Sharp, an energy efficiency approaching 30% can have a prototype product, when the actual efficiency of production is very up to 20%. Who is the first to master the advanced technology, who reflects the lead in industrialization, the first to the photovoltaic industry, “high growth, high investment, high output” properties.

 

4. Production of photovoltaic power in China today is not simply the application of power, short-term needs the support of the international market, but the long-term strategic perspective, the domestic market is a strong resource can not be ignored. Together with the opening of the domestic solar PV market approaching footsteps, “staking their claims,” floating on the operation of the tactical turn table. Need as quickly as possible sunshine intensity of the former government signed a joint construction of three solar power plant demonstration project cooperation agreements for the construction and application of solar energy, local governments, or if the BATBL50L6 technologies and products ready to promote the market have been divided since a long time.

Introduction: Ni-MH battery based on the hydrogen storage alloy electrode replacement Ni-Cd Cd electrode and developed a new type of batteries of high capacity rechargeable alkaline, becoming green energy is aujourd ‘Today an important direction of development of a secondary Laptop battery. The advantage is a greater energy density than the energy of the Ni-Cd 1.5 to 2 times, and resistance to overcharge, no memory effect, the advantages long battery life and the absence of metal pollution of the environment CD unique, it is as a national “95″ major projects of high technology research. After years of research and development, Ni-MH battery has become the market for rechargeable batteries (particularly the market for mobile), advanced products, to form their own country have been established and emerging industries.

 

1 works of the Ni-MH battery

 

Ni-MH material of the battery anode is an alloy hydrogen storage, a hydrogen absorption and desorption can be reversibly alloy. It’s the early seventies developed a new type of functional materials, which, under certain conditions, alloy reversible storage of hydrogen can absorb or release large numbers of hydrogen, d ‘ such a singular performance was applied to hydrogen storage and purification, This alloy is used resulting in turn heat pumps, compressors, catalysts, hydrogen cars burning, the separation of isotopes of hydrogen and so on. Ni-MH Ni-Cd have the same positive, ie hydroxy-nickel oxide as positive electrode, negative alloy extremely hydrogen storage, between positive and negative electrodes are separated by a membrane, while electrolyte solution is formed by the KOH and LiOH. [1] Ni-MH IBM ThinkPad X60 battery electrode chemical reactions that occur are:

 

Loading, the reaction at the cathode: Ni (OH) 2 + OH → NiOOH + H2O + e

                    Negative reaction: M + H2O + e → MH + OH —

Discharge cathode: NiOOH + H2O + e → Ni (OH) 2 + OH —

                   Negative: MH + OH-→ H2O + M + e

 

When overcharging and over the discharge occurs when the following reaction:

 

Overload, the positive electrode: 4OH-→ 2H2O + O2 +4 e

 

Cathode: 2H2O + O2 +4 e → 4OH —

 

Was released, the cathode: 2H2O +2 e → H 2 OH 2 —

 

Anode: H 2 → 2-OH 2H2O +2 e

 

Loading, the positive Ni (OH) 2 into NiOOH, the water molecules in the alloy hydrogen storage negative electrode on the discharge, the decomposition of hydrogen atom VGP-BPS9/S adsorbed on the surface electrode to form hydrogen atoms adsorbed. And then spread to the internal alloy hydrogen storage alloy reacts with hydrogen storage to form metal hydrides.

 

Disclaimer, enter e NiOOH-Ni (OH) 2 metal hydride hydrogen atom diffusion on the inner surface of the formation of adsorbed hydrogen atoms, the recurrence of the electrochemical reaction of alloy storage of ‘hydrogen and water. Over-discharge, the cathode can be restored on the consumption of NiOOH has been completed (the Ni-MH batteries are generally designed to be more negative), while H2O will be restored in the nickel electrode.

 

Overload due to the anode can be oxidized Ni (OH) 2 became NiOOH, when the formation of OH-lost e-O2, O2 spread cathode catalyst, the alloy hydrogen storage to be formed e-OH-, is also may produce negative hydrogen compounds in water, heat, so that the toshiba PA3191U-4BRS battery temperature, but also reduce the internal pressure of the battery. As the alloy hydrogen storage on the anode has been saturated with the absorption of hydrogen can not absorb hydrogen, this time, the water molecules in the cathode on discharge shape H2, H2, and a catalyst in the alloy hydrogen storage to the cathode under the infiltration of water on the compound of oxygen.

 

2, Ni-MH battery manufacturing process of batteries

 

Ni-MH battery can be made alkaline button-shaped or cylindrical, so different cell types, its structure similar to Ni-Cd batteries, especially for the sandwich-like. Ni-MH alloys manufacturing battery storage of hydrogen are primarily the preparation, positive and negative form, a pole piece assembly and so on. A typical link type Ni-MH battery manufacturing process of the battery is as follows:

 

 

Alloys for hydrogen storage apple A1060 battery should have a storage capacity of hydrogen, the equilibrium pressure of hydrogen moderate (0.01-0.5 MPa), good chemical stability in alkaline solution, abundant resources, low price and so on. Developed alloy hydrogen storage can be divided into four groups. Who have been marketed only AB5-type alloy, its actual capacity reached 330mAh / g, close to the theoretical value (372mAh / g). AB2 Laves phase alloys type are the subject of further research, quality of light, high capacity Mg-based AB2-type alloy While interest in people, but its capacity fading fast in order to achieve practical standards still need some time. To improve the life of an alloy hydrogen storage and a fast charge and discharge properties, surface treatment of alloys and diversified. Introduce the method of preparation of alloys for hydrogen storage are mainly gas atomization, centrifugal melt-spinning method, such as directional solidification method.

 

Currently used primarily to improve the sintering and impregnating parameters to increase the size of the sintered nickel cathode specific capacity, improving the ratio of volume capacity of sintered nickel positive electrode of a maximum of 500mAh/cm3 [4 ], while Ni-Cd ordinary sintered nickel positive electrode The volume ratio of capacity is only 400mAh/cm3. Ni-Cd in general need to add a small amount of nickel in the positive electrode to increase the charging efficiency of nickel cathode, reducing its rate of expansion; Ni-MH TravelMate 290 battery anode instead of adding Zn and Co to achieve the same results, and improve the absorption capacity of hydrogen battery, the control cells increased internal pressure.

 

3, at home and abroad to present Ni-MH battery research

 

3.1 current domestic battery Ni-MH Research

 

China in 70 years began to explore alloy hydrogen storage LaNi 5 electrode materials for the research opportunity is to make the material LaNi 5 physical properties and chemical and electrochemical properties. So Po Helanfeili first alloy LaNi 5 pluralistic makes Ni-MH batteries, with its U.S. and Japan, represented by a few developed countries, has launched a competition Ni-MH battery research practices and industrial development, in the shortest period of time have a marketing of Ni-MH BTP-43D1 battery market. China is the United States and Japan in the industrial development after the first developing countries. In 1995, China produced 2 million (equivalent to AA-type) batteries, the output value 210 million yuan in 1996, produced 31.4 million in 1997, producing 52 million in 1998 produced 80 million , an increase very rapidly. Tianjin Peace Bay in 1998 from the Toshiba Corporation to introduce technology and equipment. In February 1999, Tianjin blue sky, Sanyo, Japan, were introduced by Toyota, Ni-MH basic cell production, with an annual productivity of 30 million euros, and the formation of the corresponding battery, the product Sanyo’s latest is high capacity, fast charge, high reliability of the Ni-MH, with the highest level of the world. Developed by the Institute of Tianjin 1400mAhAA battery 1A charge-discharge, 100% DOD, the cycle life of more than 1000 times. Recently, Ni-MH battery-electric vehicles has been classified as medium development goals focus on long-term battery. Ni-MH battery industry in China over other countries in terms of manufacturing process of battery or product quality, varieties, there are many problems, the battery is not strong in the competitive international market. For example, the square sealed batteries because of these difficulties, lack of matching domestic manufacturers of parts and components, is not automated, and therefore not marketed. The existence of national capacity Ni-MH battery is small, short life cycle of high pressure, the discharge voltage is low self-discharge rate of greater uniformity and reproducibility is poor gap. Assembly of mobile phone batteries in China, Japan represents about 60% of the VGP-BPS9/B battery. On the Ni-MH battery recycling work at home or in white. China every year about 10 million cell phone batteries and other uses of the battery must be recovered and foreigners have been mostly recycling.

 

But we also know that our materials Ni-MH rich in resources, as early as 863 plans have Ni-MH battery included in development projects, 863 high-tech achievements exhibition was successfully presented the results of Ni-MH Rechargeable. As we all know, the China Central Television broadcast EV trial operation. These facts show that electric vehicles will be new applications Ni MH, potential for considerable development.

 

3.2 Visiting Ni-MH battery research

 

Since the early nineties of the last century have developed rapidly since the advent of NiMH batteries. Japan Nomura Research Institute, according to statistical analysis, since 1997 the global market size of a small battery has exceeded 500 billion yen in lithium-ion battery LIB 2,000 million yen market (ranked 1), the The old Ni-Cd batteries account for about ¥ 180000000000 (has a dominant position dropped to No. 2), Ni-MH VGP-BPS13A/B battery of about the maintenance of ¥ 120,000,000,000 (ranked 3).

 

As mobile communications, computing and portable consumer products has gradually begun to integrate the urgent needs of small batteries, light and efficient. Consequently, high energy density (Wh / kg), small and slim lithium-ion batteries LIB and Lithium Polymer (Lithium Polymer) batteries in recent years to obtain long-term development. In this case, one wonders, while pollution of the environment without Ni-MH battery will be developed? Ni-MH is technological innovation to develop new markets, new technologies and new products continue to emerge indicates that he has a beautiful view.

 

Ni-MH battery has been placed since the advent of mobile communications and the market for mobile computing with the lithium-ion batteries and lithium-polymer batteries a lot on the market, the increasingly competitive market. Many Japanese manufacturers produce lithium-ion batteries and Ni-MH and the output is high, they began to be produced manufactures lithium-ion batteries and Ni-MH products on the market for the sale of conflict has been a sense that it is open to Ni-MH new markets necessary. For example, the annual world production of 1997 lithium-ion batteries, Ni-MH and Ni-Cd value of hp Pavilion dv4000 battery power more than 500 billion yen, of which only the output value produced by Japanese manufacturers were more 400 billion yen (80% above), Japan 5 The major manufacturers (Panasonic batteries, Sanyo Electric, Toshiba, Hitachi Maxell, and Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd.) in 1997, production of Ni-MH value of cell production of 106.8 billion yen, which represents the value of total world production of Ni-MH (1200 billion yen) to 89%. Industry Analysis Japan and predict the time pointed out that in mobile communications and mobile computing applications, the lithium-ion batteries and lithium-polymer battery will become a mainstream product, Ni-MH battery in the 21st century in the first 10 years of back-up energy of the electric machine direction, it will drive electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles produced areas of current application.

 

Technology of the United States Molyech Power System allows the use of sintered electrodes for Ni-MH battery high current charge and discharge, which opens up scope wider. In particular, require a wide range of temperatures, withstand high vibration and high drainage capacity from the scope of high power will be widely applied to new technologies, equipment, Ni-MH battery. The Ni-MH battery in future areas of application are far from limited to mobile communications and mobile computing applications, but also on light applications, such as professional equipment and power tools to the consumer video, wireless equipment technical vacuum, and portable equipment and so on. These applications cover a wide variety of specific applications, as large as communications equipment remotely, UPS systems and electric vehicles, power small electric bicycle, light, power and even beauty tools and so on .

 

According to Japanese industry, has recently published a statistical analysis of the data table on the turn of the century, Ni-MH analysis of the Dell HD438 battery market forecasts are correct. On the mobile communications market, sales of Ni-MH decrease from year to year, sales of batteries LIB gradually increased: in 1998, lithium-ion batteries and Ni-MH strong sales of flat and more 28% each, Ni-Cd battery, and other revenue accounting for 43.4% battery, in 1999, LIB accounted for 34.1%, Ni-MH fell to 25.5%, Ni-Cd decreased to 40.4% in 2000, LIB rose to 38.8%, Ni-MH decreased to 22.9%, Ni - Cd and so on up to 38.3%. Opening new markets for Ni-MH were imminent, the Japan-US Ni-MH are the manufacturers accelerate the development of Ni-MH technology.

 

4 AA Ni-MH future developments

 

Since the introduction of Ni-MH batteries, and high energy and power required majority of applications have largely replaced Ni-Cd batteries Expected over the next Ni-MH battery will be applied to a wider range of tools High-power power. The Ni-MH batteries are used in high temperature environments, and develop a smaller and more efficient 40Y6795 battery capacity for high temperature, high vibration, and high efficiency of energy products and equipment, as hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycle visualization tools for vehicles, UPS, telecommunications equipment, computers and supplies, emergency power lighting. For example, MOLTECH being developed in the airbag the size of a sintered Ni-MH batteries for hybrid vehicles. Although Ni-MH batteries as power supply for portable electronics best use lithium batteries have been challenges, but recent technology of production of sintered Ni-MH batteries will become the future for sustainable, high power and harsh environments of the ideal food. 

 

Generally, Ni-MH of China battery technology to track more research, basic research is little originality is not enough, of intellectual property rights, patents not pay enough attention they must be improved. We must put the limited human, material resources and financial combine. Intensification of production, capacity to overcome difficulties, and providing technical integration, complementary advantages, and actively participate in international competition. Capacity Ni-MH batteries and related materials, standardization of development. According to the national conditions of China, the Ni-MH batteries in electric bicycles, electric tricycle, electric four-wheeled vehicles, and other electric bikes on the prospect of application is vast.

 

5 Conclusion

 

Can be used as a source of energy despite a variety of cells, but low energy density of lead acid batteries, Ni-Cd can not fundamentally solve the problems of pollution, safety of lithium batteries -ion batteries is not enough and the price is expensive, Na2S battery temperature is too high, the electric vehicle fuel cell may be the ultimate choice problems, there are still more expensive. Ni-MH battery is a green battery, no pollution, no maintenance, safe, high specific energy and specific power, life support high levels of performance and discharge, long cycle, so they can meet the performance requirements of the battery. Therefore, the Ni-MH battery has been recognized as the world of real-world applications in recent years, with the best engine of choice.