Digital battery

 

4 parameters of battery management adjustment

 

Precisely because of the improved process described above, so that some changes in the characteristics of the VGP-BPS9/B VGP-BPS10 battery, if you are still using the traditional parameters of power management may be incompatible with the actual use of characteristics of the battery, affecting the battery life, difficult to achieve the requirements of battery life. Need to adjust the parameters of power management are:

 

1 floats voltage:

 

In general, supply default float voltage DC switching power supply is set to 2.23V / cell. As the acid, a general increase in density, float voltage should be increased accordingly. In specific adjustment, must be strictly in accordance with the manufacturer of the battery provides the parameter settings without the automatic temperature compensation must be adjusted according to the float voltage temperature. All uniform set or press the default power are inappropriate.

 

Start switching DC power plant, the float voltage is set by default, mostly 53.5V, due to battery acid increased density, the defect could not be better compensated float voltage independence of the battery discharge losses, leading to long term due to the capacity of the battery and use the loss of life. IBM ThinkPad R50 battery  IBM ThinkPad R51 battery

 

2, are the charging voltage:

 

The Charge of the value of the battery voltage must be in strict conformity with the parameters provided. In general, both charging voltage must be greater than 2.35V per cell, the higher the voltage, the positive plate of a large number of changes in oxygen, the oxygen evolving complex has increased rapidly, causing the battery heat, or even lead to a large number of dehydration or thermal runaway.

 

3, coefficient of temperature compensation:

 

There is temperature compensation, battery manufacturers should be provided by setting parameters. As the density of the acid, the battery performance of dehydration are the most sensitive. Air conservation efforts of the energy package being implemented, a general increase in temperature should, in particular to prevent the ambient temperature is high float voltage is too high. Dell Latitude D600 battery  Dell Latitude D610 battery 

 

4, the calendar every charge cycle:

 

The battery is fully self-repair to improve the discharge voltage are rechargeable, adding the battery to have an electrolysis unit “of water produces hydrogen and oxygen - hydrogen and heat oxygen combined, will not have to restore the acts of lead sulfate. As the oxygen rate AGM battery composed of 99% of all lead rechargeable batteries lose water, will shorten the life battery.

 

The consistency of the battery is good, the battery discharge is almost unique, a float current and the self-discharge current equal to the appropriate float voltage will probably make a battery life of monomer-off discharge, and for consistency with a good battery, it should be added from time to time have a charge cycle long, not even to have sufficient time to time. hp Pavilion dv2000 battery  hp Pavilion dv6000 battery

 

Large differences in individual cells (eg, the battery inside, or differences in the quality itself is great), self-rate differential between the discharge rate as well. Float time, self-discharge current of the battery cell to produce lead sulfate greater the need for early elimination. Are filled on a regular basis is an effective way to remove lead sulfate, both necessary to reduce the charge cycle regularly. After repeated after batteries are rechargeable, while behind the battery to be added, but many are charging the battery because of dehydration, scores of saturation, reduced the battery capacity decreases. Therefore, individual differences of a large package of batteries, battery performance, there is the trend line for the bad batteries to protect the poor without further deterioration of the battery is very important.

 

5, battery care optimized strategy

 

1, check the charging voltage

 

Check all float voltage, not only the module power control, the value displayed, but use the multimeter measures, because the voltage value displayed in a margin of error. In addition, thanks to remote monitoring means in the float voltage is generated when a warning exception, suggesting that the maintenance personnel to maintain real-time [6].

 

The PA3383U-1BRS PA3395U-1BRS battery for use may be due to the density of water loss Ershi acid. The voltage and acid density of the float, while the load voltage and acid density of the opening can not measure the battery voltage is similar to estimates of the actual battery acid, density, and thus whether the need to adjust the float voltage.

 

2, adjusting the depth of discharge

 

When more than 40% depth of discharge, α the apparent involvement of lead dioxide will respond to restore the lead dioxide became β. α reduction of lead dioxide, the positive plate to soften, the battery life will be shortened. Due to cost pressures, many battery manufacturers by improving the training process, reduced levels of lead dioxide α, it is necessary to strictly limit the number of deep discharge, usually not 100% DOD test discharge, and in due course after the blackout, so that the depth of battery discharge is below 40%.

 

3, the ability to correct configuration

 

Currently, the Commission routinely used high-capacity A1078 A1175 battery to provide enough electricity to support, after a long period. Compared to the high-capacity battery, the charging current is a small discharge current, the working time elapsed: the depth of battery discharge a small current. Small deep discharge current, α the loss of lead dioxide is more serious, much shorter battery life. Therefore, should not be a small horse drawn carts, the distribution capacity of the battery must be appropriate, maintenance measures, and when the power is better.

 

4, on a regular basis to check the battery

 

Monomer on a regular basis to monitor the battery voltage, the conductance (or impedance) balanced, as adjusted on a regular cycle are load balanced, the degree of balance on a regular basis are no longer the charge cycle.

 

6 Conclusion

 

Suppliers of equipment, the cost of improvements is an inevitable choice for battery manufacturers to cost-based process to explore a variety of ways to improve the performance impact of battery in the construction and maintenance communication systems of power, should consider these factors, preference for brands and switching DC power supply batteries, set custom settings for battery management, change the mode of traditional maintenance, maintenance and management with the refinement of lead acid batteries to extend the life cycle, improve operating efficiencies and maintenance capabilities. Aspire 3000 battery LCBTP03003

Wu citizen members of the public to give the market for the repair of the battery, “legislative rule” message to see the network has caused a lot of reader attention. Everyone has an idea: Since people know that Wu market electric car VGP-BPS9/S VGP-BPS9/B battery repair, delicate, why not take a great Jie Mi, so that we can no longer be duped?

 

3, Wu called on citizens to be journalists, he learned the details of the market for electric cars battery maintenance “hidden rules” and how to avoid these sensitive, responding to proposals put forward.

 

Tricky, this one: Can the proposed amendments change the battery

 

Electric bicycles are three main parts: engine, battery (batteries) and the controller. Three parties, the high rate of battery failure, sensitive, both hidden in cells.

 

Many consumers feel the electric car “Er Meijin”, or charge the battery can not be taken to the maintenance activity, which often heard the suggestion: “You can not use the battery and dispose!

 

Why do companies do to encourage consumers to replace the battery? It turned out that the battery manufacturers to dealers the life of the battery is often more than a year, while the dealer sold to consumers at the promise of shelf life are often not exceeding one year. Thus, if consumers in about a year, 346970-001 367759-001 battery problems, you must re-purchase of the battery. Batteries May also manufacturers warranty period, the registered dealer for manufacturers to get the old batteries could be in exchange for a new set of batteries, but consumers need their own money to buy a new battery.

 

Yes, under what circumstances the battery at the end for her? Wu citizens say that battery problems are many reasons, but outside of a drum package, gunpowder, “off grid and plate short circuit, damage to the shell of these four cases, batteries in general do not change as long as the service can continue to use.

 

Our approach: drum package is the result of excessive battery charging, the battery has been distorted drums, consumers may feel their hands touching, shell damage can also be visual. “Off powdered and plaques on isolated and short-circuiting the need to open the battery before we can see that if the maintenance contractors for the replacement of these two reasons, consumers can make maintenance providers on to open up the battery monitor. Dell Inspiron B130 battery  Dell Inspiron E1505 battery

 

Tricky, 2: “Trade-ins” and the “old for old”

 

One year shelf life period of the battery problems and some vendors will swap the same model for consumer products. Some consumers may find that the number of batteries for most problems over the frequency, the crucial point where?

 

It turned out that a number of repair shops to reduce the rate of battery scrap to reduce the loss of battery manufacturer, the “three guarantees” period of batteries back to back multi-taken ” repairing the old with the old approach. “Some will replace the defective batteries lead, and some use more than half a year to complete the electrolyte of the battery or the aging of the battery to eliminate hardening treatment, there are other batteries will be assembling and disassembling.

 

One can imagine the quality of refurbished batteries, consumers have a new set of money, you bought is the addition of new batteries. These batteries are generally a very short life, can not guarantee that the use of time. IBM ThinkPad R52 battery IBM ThinkPad T40 battery

 

To meet the challenges: how to identify old batteries? Wu citizens, first, to see joint Department no trace of solder or hand and the second is to look clean and not clean shells, batteries refurbished, there will always leave clues used, third is new when you first check the battery is changed the packaging of the battery, it is best to check by yourself and then break the seal.

 

Tricky, 3: The new battery is guilty of fraud

 

Wu said that the citizens, since most consumers do not understand the market for electric vehicles battery and a low maintenance new car battery are also likely to be maintenance companies “perpetrating a fraud.”

 

For example, bought a new high capacity 48V/20A battery electric vehicles, in repair, if the salary is not careful, the new battery may be replaced by a 48V/17A. Is also a new battery, the price difference is not small: 48V/17A battery 48V/20A PA3395U-1BRS PA3399U-1BAS battery cheaper than the 100 yuan or more, the corresponding power is reduced.

 

Our approach in the repair of electric vehicles before, we must clearly understand the main parts of electric cars - batteries, electric motors and related parts of the model, the interview should be checked at the end.

 

Tricky, 4: Li Gui, “as” Li Kui “sell

 

Wu said that people at present the city electric vehicle battery market, the common brands are five or six years because the battery there is a huge advantage, the market there were some imitations.

 

The “days” to the mark, for example, this battery is produced by a manufacturer, Zhejiang, is a national inspection-free products, many consumers are the most brand recognition. However, there are now on the market entitled “Luoyang days can” stack, “Days of Luoyang may” and Zhejiang “days can”, just as marked in the central part of the battery are great ‘days may ” the mark, just below the use of small fonts are less Luoyang origin labeling. Speaking are “days of” selling and may also be the same price, available until a big difference! apple MacBook 13 inch battery  apple MacBook Pro 15 inch battery

 

Our approach: selection of a new battery or replace the battery is sure to see the origin and related technical specifications and instructions as well as the introduction to the compatibility of business. Repair shop is the use of consumers does not understand the quotes of “mischief”.

 

Tricky, 5: Repair of distilled water as liquid

 

Liquid battery repair is diluted sulfuric acid and some chemical additives, according to a certain proportion of liquid. Generally, a group of four batteries, the cost to repair the battery of a normal fluid is 80 to 100 yuan per month.

 

However, if you use distilled water or purified water instead of liquid repair battery, “fix” the battery does not take long for the bad, and they must re-repair. Because distilled water is not a fixed liquid water in the case of the battery more than distilled water, before there are results. If the battery is missing in acid, then placed in the water, battery performance will be worse.

 

Citizens Wu said that in cell repair, maintenance staff to tell you if the use of “rehabilitation of water (liquid), and the battery charge is 10 yuan each, when is used in the battery is certainly not a real solution. LCBTP03003  Aspire 3000 battery

 

Our approach in maintaining the battery, the maintenance personnel to see added is marked with a regular manufacturer and address of the repair fluid, but also allows the maintenance personnel can use after the time indicated maintenance batteries. Because the lead in repairing the battery acid, adding the liquid cell can repair the battery capacity recovery was greater after repair using the time should be longer.

 

Tricky, 6: a battery for a button to see how the change

 

Packs of battery electric vehicles, consisting of three or four batteries, and sometimes occur in what situation a bad battery. Some consumers feel sorry for the Money: Since the battery is just all wrong, then replace the bad singing together. Some maintenance providers Mozhun consumer psychology will also recommend that you change only a fragment of the battery. For now be careful: all words any problem with the VGP-BPL8A  VGP-BPL9 battery, the key to see how changed.

 

Because each battery voltage is not the same as the other, there will be a low voltage difference, even in the same factory produced the same batch of cells, we can not eliminate this voltage difference. Individual cells in series into a stack, there will be the battery voltage “consistency” problem, the battery voltage “consistency” is poor, it will significantly affect battery life. It is as if the effort everyone is different, some people with different resistance to act on an object, the greater the difference in their own strength, accidents most likely.

 

Consequently, some consumers will find a group of them together after replacing the battery, a battery when the whole can not be used, and this time, companies are waiting for you to take money for new batteries ones.

 

Our approach: To replace a battery, be sure to let the maintenance contractors must be properly measured, the smallest piece of the selection pressure to replace the batteries.

 

Citizens Wu concluded that the buyer is not the essence of the seller, the seller of small ways to make money without end. To clean the market for electric vehicles battery maintenance, in addition to the standards of marketing and business self-regulation, rights of consumer protection should also establish a sense of documentary evidence left behind all care. In addition, the choice of replacing the battery should be the first of a guaranteed quality of the battery brand, covet not cheap to replace in the informal stalls, you can maximize risk aversion

With technological progress and social development, such as mobile phones, laptops, MP3 players, PDAs, handheld game consoles, digital cameras and other portable devices has become increasingly popular, there are many of these products is used in lithium-ion battery-powered, while Because the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and other rechargeable batteries may be different, usually with an internal circuit, many people do not understand the role of the circuit this article will be the characteristics of lithium-ion Laptop battery and its protection circuit works to develop.

 

Li-ion battery is divided into two types of primary batteries and secondary batteries in some of the lowest power consumption in portable electronic products used primarily in a non-rechargeable lithium batteries, while in laptops, phones phones, PDAs, digital cameras and so on greater energy consumption electronic products use rechargeable secondary batteries, ie lithium-ion battery.

 

And nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride battery compared to lithium-ion batteries have the following advantages:

1, high voltage, single-cell lithium battery voltage to 3.6V Ion, far higher than the nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydride battery voltage of 1.2V metal.

2 volume density, the density of its capacity Ni-MH batteries or nickel-cadmium batteries 1.5-2.5 times.

3, retention of load (eg, a small self-discharge) in place well after the loss of his ability is low.

4, long life, use the normal cycle of life can reach more than 500 times.

5, no memory effect, charging the former did not short-circuiting the remaining capacity, easy to use.

As the chemical properties of lithium-ion IBM ThinkPad R52 battery, under normal use, its internal energy and chemical energy conversion between the positive reaction of chemicals, but in certain circumstances, such as its overload, over discharge and over-current lead to the battery Internal chemical side-reactions, side effects increase, it will seriously affect battery performance and life, and may generate a large number of gas, so that the pressure increases the internal battery soon after the explosion that led to security problems, then all lithium-ion batteries need a protection circuit, used for charging the battery and the condition of the discharge of effective control and under certain conditions, off-line loading and unloading to prevent damage to the battery.

 

The next picture shows a typical lithium-ion battery diagram circuit protection.

 

As indicated above, the road safety cage with two MOSFET (V1, V2) and a control IC (N1) and a number of RC element composition. Control IC is responsible for monitoring the Dell Latitude D830 battery voltage and current loop, and control two MOSFET’s Gate MOSFET switches in the circuit play a role in, respectively, to control the charging circuit and discharge circuit turn on and turn -off, the capacitor C3 for delay, the circuit on the load protection, over-discharge protection, over current protection and short circuit the function of protection, its work principle is as follows:

 

1, the normal state

In normal circuit N1 of the state “CO” and “no” feet high output voltage, two MOSFETs are in a state of conduction, the battery can be free to load and unload, because of MOSFET on - resistance is very low, generally smaller than 30 cents in Europe, so the resistance has little effect on circuit performance.

The protection circuit of the State microA level of current consumption, typically less than 7μA.

 

2, over-charging protection

Requirements of the lithium-ion battery charging method of the constant voltage constant current /, in the initial presentation, a constant current charging and the charging process, increase the voltage to 4.2 V (based on different cathode materials, and some batteries require constant voltage value of 4.1V) for a constant voltage until the current is smaller and smaller.

 

The battery is charging if the charger circuit out of control, will continue after the battery voltage exceeds 4.2 V constant charging current, the battery voltage will continue to increase at this time, when the battery voltage is charged more than 4.3V, the battery chemistry of the side effects will be aggravated and may lead to cell damage or safety problems.

 

In the battery with a protection circuit when the control IC to detect the battery voltage reaches 4.28V (This value for the control IC has decided that a different IC have different values), the “CO” PIN will high voltage variation is zero voltage V2 to the end of his tour on foot, thereby reducing off the charging circuit, so that the battery charger can not charge, played overload protection. V2 comes at a time due to the presence of the diode VD2 body, the hp F4812A battery can discharge the diode external loads.

In the control IC to detect the battery voltage exceeds 4.28V to return the signal between the V2, there is a time delay, the length of delay time is determined by C3, usually set at 1 second or two, to avoid interference caused by false judgments.

 

3, over-discharge protection

The process of discharging the battery on the external load, its voltage will be gradually reduced as the discharge process when the battery voltage to 2.5 V, its capacity has been completely shine, this time the load if the battery continues to discharge, the battery lead to permanent damage.

 

The process of discharging the battery when the control IC to detect the battery voltage drops below 2.3V (the value used by the control IC, IC have various different values), the “DO” PIN will be strong voltage variation is zero voltage, so that V1 amended by the turn-off, reducing outside the discharge circuit so that the battery can no longer discharged into the charges, has been over-discharge protection. V1 comes at a time due to the presence of the body diode VD1, charger through the diode can be charging the battery.

 

Due to over-discharge protection of a state of the sony VGP-BPS2 battery voltage can be reduced, which requires the consumption of the circuit current protection is very weak now control IC enters a low power state, all of the Consumer Protection power circuit is less than 0.1μA.

In the control IC to detect the battery voltage is below 2.3V to send off the signal between the V1, but there is also a time delay, the length of delay time is determined by C3, generally set at 100 milliseconds, to avoid interference from True or False.

 

4, over-current protection

As the chemical properties of lithium-ion battery, the battery manufacturer provides its maximum discharge current should not exceed 2C (C = Battery capacity / hour) when the battery discharge current of more than 2C would cause permanent damage to the battery or the safety problem.

 

Charge the toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery in the normal discharge process, the discharge current after a series of two MOSFETs, due to MOSFET on resistance, will produce a voltage at its ends, the voltage U = I * 2 * RDS RDS for single MOSFET on resistance, the IC control over the “V” pin of the voltage value for testing, where the load causes an exception for some reason, so that increases in current loop when the loop current is so large that U> 0.1V (the value of the control IC has decided that a different IC have different values), the “DO” PIN will be significant variation in voltage is a zero voltage, so that V1 disabled by the turn-on, cutting off the discharge circuit so that the loop current to zero, to play on-current protection.

In the control IC to detect over-current shutdown has to make between the signals V1, but there is also a time delay, the length of delay time is determined by C3, typically 13 milliseconds to avoid interference caused by false judgments.

In the process of control over, we can see that the value of the size of its over-current detection depends not only on CI control control value, but also depends on the MOSFET on resistance when the MOSFET on resistance, where most of the same control IC, the over-protection during the most value.

 

5, short-circuit protection

The process of discharging the apple A1079 battery to the load, if the loop is so large that U> 0.9 V (the value is determined by the control IC, IC have various different values), the control IC is considered that the load short-circuit the “DO” feet are rapidly changing the high voltage to zero voltage, so that V1 disabled by the turn-on, cutting and discharge circuit, playing short circuit protection. Short-circuit protection, a very short time period, usually less than 7 microseconds. ’s how it works with the methods of over-current protection is similar, but different in determining the length of time protection is not the same.

 

More detailed single-cell lithium battery operates ion protection circuit, multiple-series Lithium-principle of ion battery protection Similarly, will not go above the control circuits used in integrated circuits Series Ricoh R5421 Japan, in the circuit the battery real protection, there are many other types of control IC, such as S-8241 Seiko Japan Series, Japan Series MM3061 MITSUMI, the Taiwan-rich and crystal FS312 series FS313, the Taiwan AAT8632 series of analog technology, and so on, his works very much the same, but some differences in specific settings, some IC controls to safeguard the external circuit, the capacitor filter and the delay of chip capacitors to achieve its peripheral circuits can be very small, like Japan Seiko S-8241 series.

 

In addition to controlling IC circuit there is an important component, is the MOSFET, it acts as a switch in the circuit, because cascade directly between the VGP-BPS9/B battery and the external load, so it’s on the strength of the performance of cells are the impact of MOSFET with a choice of better quality, on-resistance is low, the internal resistance of the battery is low, with a transport capacity is also strong in the exercise of their electricity consumption is also less.

 

With the development of technology, portable devices get smaller and smaller, and as this trend of lithium-ion battery needs protection circuit size are becoming smaller in the last two years have seen the day in the control IC and MOSFET integrated protection of integrated circuit products, such as the series DA7112 dialog, and some manufacturers even the whole package of circuit protection in a small size of the IC, such as product MITSUMI company.