Digital battery

Lithium-ion batteries is a new type of battery, it does not contain lithium metal in the charge-discharge process, only the lithium-ion in the positive and negative exchanges between the campaigns, the electrode and electrolyte not participating in the reaction. Lithium-ion batteries for energy densities can reach 300Wh / L, the density of the payload can reach 125Wh / L.

 

1, Principles of batteries

Lithium-Ion batteries, with charges reaction mechanism of the discharge pipe, the lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes embedded in a prolapse, shuttle to and from the internal VGP-BPS10 battery without the presence of lithium metal, lithium-ion batteries more security and stability. The reaction scheme and the formula of basic reaction is:

 

2, construction of piers

The positive is LiCoO2 batteries and more conductive adhesives, coated aluminum foil to form the positive plate, the negative electrode is a conductive layer of graphite as well as agents and adhesive coatings based on copper particles Graphite is now more advanced layers were negative using nano-carbon.

 

The mechanism of above reaction, the positive use of LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O2 which this is a structure of LiCoO2 layer forms very stable crystal, but when away from LiCoO2 XLI, its structure may change, but if change depends on the X size. Through research has found that when X> 0.5, where the structure of Li1-XCoO2 expressed in extremely unstable and collapse occurs paralysis crystal, its outdoor performances of the end for the batteries overwhelming. Therefore, as part of VGP-BPS9 batteries must be controlled by limiting the charging voltage Li1-XCoO2 the value of X, the general tariff, the voltage does not exceed 4.2 V when X is less than 0.5, XCoO2-li1 then the crystal is always stable. C6 has its negative characteristics of its own, when for the first time after the LiCoO2 cathode of Li is sufficient to negative C6, when the discharge Li returned to the LiCoO2 cathode, but must be followed in a part of Li C6 remained negative, the heart of ensuring that the next charge and discharge embedding normal Li batteries otherwise overwhelming very short to ensure that there are part of the Li remained negative C6 The general threshold voltage by limiting the discharge to achieve. Therefore, the safety of lithium rechargeable batteries, the maximum voltage ≤ 4 .2 V, discharge lower limit voltage ≥ 2.5V.

 

3, the battery safety

Batteries for safety and design, materials and control of production processes in the production process is closely related to other factors. In IBM ThinkPad R51 battery charging and discharge process, the positive electrode potential anode materials are in dynamic change, with the voltage higher load, the cathode material (LixCoO2) the upside potential, the anode material for the insertion of lithium (LixC6) potential first down, then the potential emergence of a long platform, when the charging voltage is too high (> 4.2V) or because the negative electrode material of the surface density over the surface density of cathode material (C / A ratio) is low, excess lithium anode material, the cathode potential down rapidly and so the precipitation of lithium metal (in Under normal circumstances, it will not be the precipitation of lithium), it will be the performance of batteries and safety is a major threat. Potential changes see below:

 

In the matter has been defined circumstances, C / A too large, it will appear above the results. Instead, C / A is too small, the capacity is low platform, low cycle characteristics of the poor. Thus, in the production and transformation of the way to ensure the design of a good C / A ratio has become a key production and processing. Therefore, production must be controlled on the following aspects:

 

1. Materials handling anode

1) The large and ultra-fine powder with a particle size necessary for a complete separation, avoiding overheating local electrochemical reaction resulting from a negative reaction, to improve Dell Inspiron 1150 battery safety.

2) increasing the surface porosity, which can increase capacity by more than 10%, while C / A rate unchanged, security increased dramatically. Treatment led to the surface of anode materials for better compatibility with the electrolyte, and promote the formation of SEI film and stabilization.

2. Pulping process control

A) Process of pulping using methods and advanced technology of special chemical reagents, so that positive and negative slurry surface tension between the groups minimized. Improve the compatibility between the different groups to prevent the material in the mixing process “Reunion” phenomenon.

2) The time-based coating materials and spray the gap should be controlled to 0.2 mm below the surface of such a plate covered with smooth without particles, dents, scratches and other defects.

3) The suspension should be stored for more than 6 hours, the viscosity of the slurry remained stable in the Territories, slurry polymerization in a group phenomenon. Grout to ensure uniform distribution of positive and negative electrodes on the uniformity of the substrate, thereby improving the consistency of batteries, security.

 

3. The most advanced equipment for manufacturing chips

1) a pole piece can ensure stability and consistency of quality has greatly improved the uniformity of the F2024B battery pole piece, reducing the likelihood of the emergence of hazardous batteries.

2) monolithic plate coating machine exceeds the value of error density must be less than ± 2%, length of the plate and the size of the gap error must be less than 2 mm.

3) The rolls of the press roller cone and radial runout shall not be greater than 4μm, to ensure consistency of thick plates. The equipment must be equipped with a comprehensive collection of dust to prevent dust particles caused by the internal micro-batteries short-circuit, thus ensuring self-discharge performance of batteries.

4) cutting machine must be used as a knife-type cutting rolls cutting a continuous device, and cut the film is not quite there Yebian, burrs and other defects. The same device should be equipped with a comprehensive collection of dust, ensuring self-discharge performance of batteries.

 

4. Advanced Sealing Technology

At home and abroad square lithium-ion VGP-BPS8A batteries are sealed laser (laser) welding sealing technology, which prohibits the use of YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser resonant cavity exposed to a source of bright light (usually the lamp nitrogen) to issue a bunch of inspired one frequency of light (λ = 1.06mm) was concentrated in an infinite number of refracted through the resonator, then concentrate on the Guidance cell alignment between the cylinder and the cover so that after the merger of affinity for one to reach the cover plate and the tube The objective of the merger sealing body. In order to achieve sealing welding, must contain the following elements:

1) It must be great energy, high frequency, focused performance monitoring and precision of the laser welding machine.

2) It must be applied to high precision laser welding of the shell and battery cover.

3) It must have a high degree of purity nitrogen uniform protection, especially aluminum batteries require high purity nitrogen, or aluminum surface will be difficult to produce molten Al2O3 (melting point 2400 ℃ ).

4) batteries and expansion control reasons

Lithium-ion batteries in the manufacture and use, there is often swelling of the phenomenon through the analysis and research are essentially two reasons:

Drowned in a lithium-ion led to changes in the thickness

Lithium rechargeable ion batteries where the anode from the cathode board prolapse, causing negative electrode layer spacing increases, but the swelling is, in general, the thicker apple iBook G4 14 inch battery, plus the amount of expansion.

 

2. Caused by the expansion process of poor control

During the manufacturing process, such as dispersion slurry, C / A than in discrete, temperature control directly affects the expansion of cells able batteries. Including water, because the rechargeable lithium formation of compounds with high carbon activity is very sensitive to water is a tug of chemical reactions. Gases produced by the reaction caused by the cell pressure is increased, an increase in the swelling behavior of batteries. Therefore, in production, in addition to dealing with the dehumidifier plate strict fluid injection in the process of dehumidification equipment should be used to ensure the dryness of the HR2% air, the dew point ( in the atmosphere of moist air due to temperature drop, so that the content of saturated water vapor began to condense when the temperature) is lower than -40 ℃. In very dry conditions, and taking fluids injected under vacuum, greatly reducing the chances of plates and electrolyte absorption.

5, aluminum and steel batteries comparison of the security

Aluminum over steel with high security benefits, the following is different from the pressure of the experience:

 

Note: The pressure is the pressure of batteries within the pressure (unit: kg), the data tables of a core electrical thickness (unit: mm) of steel can be considered to result internal pressure is very slow, while the internal pressure aluminum reaction was very acute. Therefore, from the thickness can be judged on the basis of battery internal pressure while the pressure of steel piles are often induced by the implicit hidden dangers. A steel model 063,448 batteries.

Camera battery digital battery commonly used in lithium-ion batteries, batteries nickel hydrogen, nickel-chromium batteries, alkaline batteries, etc … Most digital cameras use batteries AA Ni-MH Laptop battery to do.

 

1, Ni-MH battery features:

 

Nickel-metal hydride batteries (NIMH) is one of modern electronics, the battery the most widely used, a large green with a unique ability, the discharge characteristics of a smooth, high universality, heat a little and so on. The disadvantage is that large, self-weight important.

 

2, Ni-MH to self:

 

Ni-MH battery nominal voltage of 1.2 V, in the case of sufficient power to 1.35 V, with Class AA regular alkaline battery are similar, essentially universal, Ni-discharge characteristics of MH battery are very good, very smooth discharge curve, consumption of electricity is about to end, the voltage drops abruptly, which is close to the nickel chromium batteries, but not as good as nickel discharge current instantly piles of chromium. In addition, nickel-metal hydride batteries used mercury-free design, which is of great importance to environmental protection.

 

3, Ni-MH battery structure:

 

AA Ni-MH VGP-BPS9 battery with the same form as ordinary AA batteries. With nickel chromium batteries, like nickel-metal hydride batteries used reversible chemical reaction to reach the charge and discharge process. Therefore, in the process of loading and unloading of the battery will produce a large number of gas inside the battery internal pressure is relatively high, therefore, nickel-hydride batteries are used in metal in the design of the exhaust vent to prevent excessive internal pressure caused by an explosion. Currently, we have been in contact with GP series battery, do not see how the tube, because the battery is installed on top of a circular plastic film used to prevent blockages and prevent the positive vent cap Hull with the negative short-circuit.

 

4, the battery memory effect:

 

The effect of so-called memory refers to the battery charging and discharging process, the chemical composition of the internal battery is determined in a region can not continue to produce a chemical reaction phenomenon. With an example: When the battery is fully charged, it can be a continuous stream of 60 minutes. Now we’ll use this section to conduct the VGP-BPS13/S battery of this electric discharge, discharge to 30 minutes to stop, and then this part of the battery to charge a good 30 minutes after powering up continue to perform, are not completely discharged each time, after N repeated operations The batteries have a memory effect, the process used in the future, when the discharge of the battery after 30 minutes, more output current, which is the battery capacity of this section reduced by half. Of course, we now use nickel-metal hydride batteries in general, this phenomenon do not occur, because the chemical composition of nickel-hydride batteries and nickel metal battery chromium different. Ni-Cr memory effect the battery is very serious.

 

5, the battery:

 

Is slightly different and the Ni-Cr, Ni-Cr battery is a constant pulse of current to recharge, while the nickel-hydride batteries in metal using a wavelet, the relatively smooth current to recharge. In emergencies, the two shippers are interoperable. Charge should be to control the charging current appropriate, how to estimate the current load properly done? This depends on the battery capacity to decide. In general, civil standard battery 16 hours to charge, charge current is: VGP-BPS9/B battery capacity / 10, units mA. There are fast charge, fast charge current standard of 2.5 ~ 5 times, there is no uniform standard. Our selection of chargers, they should try using the standard charger, how to determine the load current chargers do? When we buy a magazine, looking for a JS or have a multimeter multimeter, charger plug supply, multimeter affected DC 500mA stall, desktop charger red pen and then the film cathode of the battery, pen blackboard, and negative films, which can be approached by reading multimeter to determine feeder load current, because the internal resistance of the battery is low, so close to the actual load meter reading in progress. You can also use a number of self-feeder, the advantage of such a charger stops automatically loads the son not to worry people. There is also a charger with a trickle charge is a function, which is an electric charge in good condition, the charger automatically uses less than 10 times the current standard of care for small current continues to maintain the battery charge which is to maintain the battery capacity and prolong the life of the battery well. Al-Sahaf GP has recommended that such a combination of pricing Po charger recommended. In addition, we should try to avoid the use of fast-charge, fast charge, the chemical reaction inside of the battery is very severe, the temperature is high, which will accelerate the aging of the battery and shorten battery life. However, when you exit or emergency charger fast, but very useful oh.

 

6, the discharge of the battery:

 

Were fed the exercise, and consumption. The VGP-BPS9A/B battery is the same charge of electricity, we must pay. In addition to the normal discharge in outdoor use, why do we still run the battery to discharge it? Please come listen to me 11. When our camera due to run out of batteries needed to recharge the battery when we find that these batteries run out in other electrical devices can continue to use? In addition, for each cell the same as that used in the electrical length of time-varying? This indicates a problem is the capacity of these batteries is inconsistent. Why is there such a situation? The reason is: we use our appliances, most are two or more cells of the battery is to link the battery packs in accordance with Ohm’s law, one can see that throughout the series circuit current is equal, the internal resistance of each cell can not be fully compatible with (even at the same time, the same production line for batteries), then the voltage drop at both ends of each section and the power consumption of battery is not completely the same. This has led to the battery in the same imbalance in the relationship between the circuit, eventually leading to one or more batteries in the long “enough to eat, could not stop,” the State until that it is damaged. The reason we display on the battery discharge, while abhorrent to eliminate memory effect, on the other, so that each section of the battery as much as possible to reach equilibrium, with full, finished with release, work synchronously. So how can we discharge? Please keep in mind this truth: “discharge, we must separate each section of the discharge of the VGP-BPS9A battery!” Otherwise, cons-productive, not as good as letting go. Discharge resistor or small bulbs can be purely resistive components such as resistance controlled discharge at 1.5 to 4 ohms, slow discharge big, too small to heat the battery. In practice, it is recommended to use three 3.8V parallel beads the electric discharge lamp, a resistance of 1.7 ohms at this time, discharge current of 700mA, less than 10 minutes, the lights went on discharge is completed, it is intuitive. You can also use the method of resistance + discharge bulb, Shi measure the resistance controlled at between 1.5 and 4 ohms on it. We can be converted to produce low discharge of the battery charger of the quality we want is to buy charger less (about 5 million euros) for a better selection of housing and support this amendment, then remove the internal battery charger for all electronic components, retaining only the circuit board and watching the battery then welded to both ends of each VGP-BPS8A battery clip with our light bulbs or resistance and so on, so we put on the equipment yourself better.

 

7, battery care:

 

In the process of using the battery, following the release of “full full” principle, do not eat too full, do not be too tired. Beware of the battery shorted on, this is very dangerous. Do not tear the skin in plastic drums, as this may easily lead to a short circuit, this one is very dangerous. Do not disassemble the battery or the battery in fire. A long time does not use the battery must be filled with storage, the reopening of the first discharge, then charge to use. Try to match the use. If we could do the above, we will always keep the battery in good condition, the best services for the majority of DX.

 

8, the battery of purchase:

 

Buy batteries, in addition to a pair of piercing eyes, we must also note the following points: ① Select JS confidence, at least the assurance; ② need to choose according to their abilities, some of the best choices for large capacity; ③ Choose well known brand battery;

With the growing popularity of laptops, notebooks on all aspects of the problems appeared in various media on the largest number of arguments for the proper use of laptop batteries, notebook batteries of certain items that the use of personal experience, while others claim expert advice (which we often do these sales), all sorts of stories, the number argument.

 

The author is also a regular laptop user, but not an expert, but with several years experience in the use of notebooks, the author through a friend recruited dozens of university students using a computer mobile, so they talk about their experiences on the use of cell phones, coupled with her a little more experience, summed up what is available to the

We as a reference, hoping to give everyone a little help.

 

Argument 1: activation of a new VGP-BPS8 battery

 

View 1: Before you buy a new battery inside, there will be more than 3% of electricity, more than the battery inside the power exhausted, to rest, then reuse a load external power. The charging time must exceed 12 hours, three times in order to activate the battery.

 

View 2: No, the battery for 10 hours of rechargeable battery to activate the activity of the normal load, the method of release for activation.

 

Survey Results: The authors studied 24 students from colleges and laptop users, 18 is the second view, and the manner and does not charge the battery for future use can hurt, of course, exclude damage to the natural elements. The author himself is also the case when the normal use of a new battery for up to two hours and a half, now two years, the state of the battery is still good, still can reach more than two hours, so I fear I have been satisfied?

 

the proposed method: I agree with the second view, based on available information indicates that the activation of cell work should be completed at the factory and a plant cell battery with a capacity of some natural wear to avoid damaging the VGP-BPS8A battery. The activation of the battery must be in no case to protect the circuit can be with its own circuit of lithium-circuit protection, the purpose of this part of the circuit is to prevent the battery charge and excessive discharge usually filled after charging the battery when the indicator light off, the battery can be recharged in electricity, and then you plug the power plug to recharge the battery in the face of what? Available from the battery can be seen on the battery status of any charges, another teaches you offer a simple way to be able to determine whether there during the battery charging, battery charge , where the phenomenon has a fever, when the battery is full after one hour (power plug does not fire), you’ll try the battery to see if the battery is still warm, not hot? The result is undoubtedly the cold, because the battery is not charging and discharging state is certainly not the heat. Manufacturers of portable computers in the factory will offer a new battery for more than 10 hours. This sentence may be generated for some users the wrong point of view first, the author of this opinion, should be taken into account that some notebook manufacturers a new user in the battery again when n is not fully capture the skills, just so they can charge directly for 10 hours, which should be the business opportunity.

 

Secondly, the argument two: whether the AC disconnects the VGP-BPS8B battery?

 

View 1: Use an external power supply when the battery removed.

 

View 2: Use an external power supply is not necessary to remove the battery.

 

Survey Results: Most students in the use of an external power source, the battery removed, only a few use an external power supply when the battery is placed above, the few brands are used by students in several global brands.

 

the proposed method: In fact, if the battery is removed, the conflict has focused on the use of an external power supply when the battery is in charge of question

. We must know that the number of loading and unloading of the battery life is directly related to the lithium-General established the number of loading and unloading are fixed number of charge cycles only 400-600 times, especially products modified, but 800 times, once for each rechargeable batteries a step toward retirement. The first argument is simply because they are afraid to use power, the battery will be conducted on the above charge, not only to increase the number of charge cycles, but also cause an overload. The second view is that the battery is full power on the computer using an external power supply will not recharge. In fact, both views have their right side, but also in the wrong place. Because only the views expressed by individuals is not very full after my investigation, many laptop manufacturers taking into account the vulnerability of the stack, and the proceeds added to technology protection VGP-BPS9 battery, and therefore different laptop batteries corresponding brand protection technology pricing is different, as some large companies are doing very well in this area, such as IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Toshiba, Compaq, etc.. One of the most thoughtful consideration is that IBM, the IBM laptop can detect the location of the discharge of the battery, laptop battery ThinkPad only less than 95% of the time will reload automatically. This can play a very good protective effect on the battery, held today and many other manufacturers followed. So, as drums, you do not have time to use pull down, because only when the capacity is less than 95% of the time, he is responsible. But even so, if you are prolonged use of computers, or will be removed from the battery to compare well, because the long duration of heat generated when the laptop battery will cause some damage. However, some other “little brand” batteries, may not benefit from such treatment because he was not within the protection technology of the battery. I like to use a certain brand of computers phones if the battery is fully charged to the above, when you use an external power supply has been confirmed at the first charge on electricity, because the storage battery, will wear, can not reach 100 %, while not 100% as long as the power supply connected to the load. Each access to an external power supply is equivalent to recharge the battery once, although only a small charge will be yet. It therefore proposes that we use when the machine according to their own situation, look at the manual laptop, choose whether you want to use an external power supply when the VGP-BPS9A battery removed.

 

Thirdly, the argument 3: how to load correctly?

 

View 1: The battery should always be all exhausted, so that consumption of portable computers to automatically stop and reload every time must be filled.

 

View 2: When the battery is very deliberately not pay attention and use it when I wanted to pay extra.

 

Survey Results: The majority of students said that, needless to the view first, as used in automatic standby mode, then load, but also as the second point of view, it is free. Are generally used when the battery must be recharged when the computer has prompted further charge, of course, calls per hour may be set, the default is 3%.

 

the proposed method: In this paper, the proposed method with the majority of students is the same. In fact, regardless of nickel batteries using a laptop-metal hydride, lithium batteries are such a memory effect, and nickel-hydride batteries with metal memory effect is very obvious, but it will effect memory lithium, but his memory effect smaller than nickel-metal hydride Bale. There is no memory effect on lithium-that only exaggerated and irresponsible to do business in advertising, is totally misleading. Well, since the VGP-BPS9A/B battery has a memory effect, it should be noted at the load point, as far as possible, then run out of charge, but you do not need to say deliberately use the computer to s ’stop automatically, so that although there is no harm in using them (because the laptop battery has a charge-discharge secure a laptop automatically shut down has not yet reached the standard battery protection discharge), but you do not feel tired? In fact, less than 3% of the burden in this way is very good, memories will certainly effect compared to natural wear, there should be nothing. The second count on the charge to view the author is totally disagree and we have already said, if the laptop battery nickel metal hydride, lithium, which has a memory effect, if in this way, then the battery life will be shortened.