Digital battery

Shortly after New Year’s Day 2010, which is outside the media disclosure of relevant organizations of the United Nations, will take place in March this year to develop new energy vehicles to international standards, including the heart - the power of the VGP-BPS2A VGP-BPS5 battery standard even more is the most important.

 

In fact, the concept of the birth of new energy vehicles to the date of its power systems is derived from a number of men Pai. To date, nickel-hydride batteries, metal and lithium batteries which one is better theory of the controversy is far from being determined. But the market data supports the fact that so many - 99% of the world from hybrid battery market occupied by nickel-hydride batteries in metal.

 

Nickel-hydrogen batteries strong position to consolidate again. Letter to the prosecution of State announced in June last year, “new companies in automotive manufacturing Energy and rules of access management products” for the first time clearly emphasized the importance of nickel-hydride metal batteries beyond lithium batteries, more towards the future development of China’s new energy vehicles. The nickel-hydride battery manufacturers metals have accelerated the promotion of market-oriented, Ni-MH battery is the most appropriate marketing new energy battery electric vehicles, the key lies in the market and scale. IBM ThinkPad T40 battery  IBM ThinkPad T41 battery

 

While the market is a nickel-metal hydride choice for battery manufacturers, but industry is still rare in large enterprises. As industry leader, one of possessing internal Ni-MH battery market share of almost 40% of Hunan Shenzhou technology in the enterprise from a single R & D R & D production, sales integration of market participants in the process of transition has left the sample, or may be a reference for the industry.

 

Pioneer Power

October 23, 2009, Changan “Jie” hoon hybrid electric cars, held in Changsha Orthogonal big ceremony because it symbolizes the new energy electric vehicles have officially entered the homes of ordinary people, with milestone significance.

 

Long before this, Chang’an “Jie-hoon” As China is the first real mass production of its type that represents a new hybrid energy, the implementation of the Beijing Olympics had been in operation for 25, as the taxi was conducted with the public intimate contact. A hybrid operation Professional Automobile Magazine had involved the status of the Olympic Games, a survey showed, Chang’an “Jie Xun Dell Inspiron 1420 battery  Dell Inspiron 1501 battery

 

Hybrid works well to save fuel rate of about 30%.

It should be noted that Chang’an “Jie-hoon” key parts supplier of nickel-hydrogen battery technology is the Shenzhou.

 

In 2000, Hunan Shenzhou Technology Co., Ltd was founded, the company located in specializes in high power and ultra-high capacity nickel-hydrogen battery and its related materials, the research and development, manufacturing , testing and marketing of high technology companies. In the “95″, “15″ began during the national “863″ Project of the major scientific and technological issues and special topics in Hunan province.

 

November 8, 2003, after three years of efforts, the technology developed Shenzhou 40Ah battery has been installed successfully in the co. Dongfeng Electric Vehicle, Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the “East Power”), development of hybrid buses in the city of Wuhan 519, path operations demonstration bus, and now, after six years of performance test and has completed more than 200,000 km of cycling takes place without a major breakdown of the objectives of the battery in the country to achieve a single set of batteries to run breakthrough distance. hp Pavilion dv6 battery F3172A

 

It’s Shenzhou-made in the first three years after the establishment of a single result for energy research of new China and the development of electric vehicles has caused a change subversive.

 

According to the Investment Advisor “issued by the new energy vehicles in China during the 2008-2010 Industry Analysis and Investment Consulting Report” report shows that the batteries of 99% from current market hybrid battery for nickel-hydrogen batteries, but are foreign sourcing, China Ni-MH battery in the car matched the application is still under development. Nickel being the hydrogen industry household batteries in terms of the overall state of Science and Technology Shenzhou took the lead.

 

“We and other hybrid platform for national cooperation, including Dongfeng hybrid cars and hybrid platform car, a hybrid bus platform FAW Group, Changan platform hybrid sedan, is the co-plate - form of operation for the businesses the most critical parts. “Shenzhou Feng Qi, general manager, said science and technology. PA3395U-1BRS PA3399U-1BAS

 

Breaking the market

In March 2009, “Promotion of the Automobile Industry” Plan for the enactment, giving the entire automotive industry and greater investor confidence. “Planning” that from the enactment in 2011, China electric cars, hybrids, hydrogen fuel vehicles based on new energy vehicles will reach 50 million units in the production of new energy vehicles will account for 5% of total car sales.

 

June 25, public letter to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs designated Ni-MH battery production hybrid passenger car is classified as a mature product that allows the use of sales nationwide, which is Ni-MH battery industry is a big plus.

 

Li analysts Maosheng investment advisers noted that in developing new energy vehicles, nickel-hydride technology of metal drums the most mature in the next three years, will remain the mainstream of new energy vehicles.

 

This information is frequently heard, and further accelerate the industrialization of hybrid vehicles, but also led to hybrids with the key components of industrial production. A1012 A1022

 

“New auto parts Hunan energy, whether technical or industrial strength, ability, leadership positions throughout the country. Hybrid electric vehicle production, not only for business opportunities in the automotive Hunan, more importantly, to give zero - share business opportunities. Feng Qi told reporters.

 

The rivals face of strong domestic demand, and even more to adapt to new energy demands of the automotive industry in the corporate history of the tenth year of the Shenzhou technology, the official track to the industrialization, large-scale change.

 

Accurate to say that from the beginning of 2008, the Shenzhou technology has already smelled of new energy vehicles will soon pave the way for major changes in the air. Shenzhou technology will have a total investment of 210 million yuan in building a production base of battery power in Changsha, the training of some 200 million when the nickel-scale hydrogen fuel cell production.

 

“Early R & D-based, decisive step in BATBL50L6 LCBTP03003 battery technology, industry-oriented reform, many problems to be solved is the idea and the changes online.” Feng Qi said that reform of industrial technology competition in the society of origin effect, the management system the company put a higher demand.

 

In early 2009, the Shenzhou technology imported from the coast a lot of money and personnel qualified senior management, reconstruction of a set of market-based mechanism of internal management. Quality Division, the company last November, it will be mid-level product improvement plan designed to improve product stability and the establishment of the same deposit and the world of high quality control standards TS16949-9000, l objective is to further integrate the automotive industry.

 

From business ideas needed changes is the consensus of all managers. CAO Jun, director of marketing, said before the company R & D-based, there is no service “customer” mentality, which is really set up a “first customer” sense of marketing, service marketing from the four people on the enlargement to 22 people, including through training of service personnel have 14.

 

It is understood that the current production of Shenzhou technology is about 2 million euros, while an equivalent of 2,000 car batteries hybrid combining ability. As industrialization later in 2012, the Shenzhou-security technology will reach 500 million when production capacity, equivalent to 500,000 packages hybrid car GD761  KD476 battery.

 

“It’s the difference between scientific research and industrialization, the industrialization of our standards of manufacturing and support capabilities of the industry raises new requirements.” Feng Qi said.

 

Techniques to win

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Industry battery power, memory in a theory of “short plate”, the worst performance of the battery inside the battery determines the battery performance. “Theory of near-flat” on the standards of advanced battery manufacturing new applications.

 

Related investigations, according to journalists on the market, new energy vehicles are not subject to consumers the same price, consumers continue to opt for traditional car, where the most important reason is that for vehicles new energies are quality and after-sales question, the law more criticism or suspicion of battery technology.

 

Many experts in the development of industry concerns about the PP2182D PP2182L battery bottleneck, Shenzhou technology itself is no exception. CAO Xiao-Bing, director of quality scientific and technological Shenzhou admitted that “the battery technology is the industry of new energy vehicles for many years a very difficult problem.”

 

“Be prepared ahead or falls behind.” It is society exhortation department of quality on the wall.

 

According to statistics, in the 2008 Olympics, the Shenzhou-electric hybrid technology to the East provides a corresponding Changan car battery hybrid vehicles 25 passengers during the Olympics in Beijing participated in the operation of demonstration as long as three months . “The success of this demonstration operations, the services of the state of technology of our company and products is highly recognized.”

 

“The battery is a new energy vehicles in an area of more demanding in the use of the process, its internal pressure, material, design, etc. have strict requirements, three months before the Olympics, all our VGP-BPS13A/B VGP-BPS13B/B R & D team of over 10 people have been drilling the original bottleneck technique.”Olympic Games, research director of the Center Dr. Tan Zuxian media interview to talk about Tao. “Our company has developed hybrid car battery 6Ah mass ratio reached 1400W/kg has reached the international advanced level, with the development of industrial capacity”.

 

Through years of science and technology as the East of Shenzhou-electric hybrid car battery support the project outstanding achievements in October 2008, the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers to provide a high degree of recognition of Shenzhou Technology, presented a paper certificate “first prize for scientific and technological progress of China Automotive Industry.”

 

In the last year, ended December 13, “2009 China Intelligent Transport Annual Conference of the sixth International Energy saving and new energy vehicles Innovation Development Forum and Exhibition” technology Nickel batteries Shenzhou hydrogen are FAW Group, China Tong Bus (9.38, 0.09,0.97%), the Yangtze River and other top rated stage passenger vehicle factory, industry brings confidence enough Shenzhou. A1175 A1185

Car batteries are mostly lead-acid batteries, not only can supply large currents, but also the lowest cost of the cell mechanism of chemical reaction. Lead acid batteries can withstand a long period of routine maintenance load, it will often be the traditional “floating” (floating) Food found in its tracks, like the system of uninterruptible power supply or lighting of urgency. Moreover, gaps in the lead-acid VGP-BPS5 VGP-BPS9A battery is the most important weight unit or per unit volume of the storage density of the lowest energy. Large commercial applications, the chemistry of the battery the next step should be to lithium-polymer reaction, it is an attractive technology because it allows the battery became a sheet of flexible polymer, sandwiched between the cathode and anode materials between. This function opens the door to an application, companies will eventually be made into any shape of the battery; In addition, the management point circuits to the battery, the vast majority of the nature of the polymer lithium and lithium-ion chemistry are the same. Charge and discharge charge and discharge of the battery chemistry will affect mainly manifested in the capacity of the storage battery, the general is “amp hours” to represent the carrying capacity battery ( Lithium-ion batteries used most often are “Wh” is because the units of the battery voltage lithium-ion battery is higher, making the importance of the ability of energy storage capacity that Current storage.) recharging the battery, it is still the battery voltage, current and temperature to set certain conditions to be protected, if the acceleration with the load, then the battery status will be faster and force these protected conditions, leading to it can accept power, but declined. Similarly, if the rate of discharge of the battery faster then the voltage drop exceeds the rate of strengthening capacity to reduce the rate, causing the battery to the actual working hours than the prescribed amount of time discharge is shorter. Dell Inspiron 1501 battery  Dell Inspiron 1520 battery Thus, compared to a slower rate discharge applications, applications of high discharge rate (such as power tools) would require an element of compensation totally different to fully compensate for this phenomenon. As the battery storage of energy and energy supply are the loading rate and rate functions of discharge, therefore, may be “C” to represent these rates, it is operated current size (in amps) divided by enhancing the total capacity (ampere-hours) results; For example, if the rejection rate of 1C, said that the time will be able to save the battery power exhausted. The time required for charging the original C rates that much longer, because the efficiency of the battery may reach 100 percent, but will continue with different types of change batteries, nickel hydride batteries metal of 80% lithium ion rechargeable alkaline batteries at 100% or more. Effects of temperature on the temperature of the battery if it is more a difference of 25 ℃, then build the capacity of batteries, carrying capacity, shelf life and the life cycle would be reduced more. In general, the battery discharge rate increases with increasing temperature, approximately every 10 ℃ will be doubled. In addition to nickel-cadmium batteries (which would be responsible for a chemical reaction is an endothermic reaction), and other battery charging, the temperature will rise if use of over-pricing method, then the rate of Warmer temperatures will accelerate. Among the nickel-cadmium batteries are generally the use of dT / dt to the suspension conditions of fast charge, which represents the temperature from the rate of change. As the temperature increase of the battery when the electrolyte resistance is reduced, then so do not check the F3172A PB995A battery charging algorithm for temperature, then decrease as the electrolyte resistance, the load current will increase , causing the battery temperature continues to rise and form a path of positive feedback from danger, this situation called “thermal runaway” (thermal runaway). Stability charger battery charging (Charger net) to upload the most conservative does a “stability” (trickle) charging phase, as long as the battery and charger connected, it will be specified by the manufacturers ’standard’ rate of loading (usually around C/10) continue to charge the battery. The charger should not be the direction he will not use the battery monitor or timer to stop the charge, so that the least cost. Rapid Charger (quick charger) rate Fast charge of about C / C or 3 / 4, the battery charging time can be shortened to 4 or 5 hours. Quick Charger is generally controlled by a timer, time to stop charging n ‘ is not necessary to use other battery monitor. While this technique can reduce the cost of the charger, but the manufacturer must take into account, so that the battery is full power in the circumstances, able to withstand complete cycle of over-pricing, so if the user does not care power of a full battery recharging, the battery will not cause damage. Quick charge battery structure slightly different from that of normal cells, their internal structure will be made relatively large so as to absorb the excess gas produced during charging. High-speed charger (quick charger) to speed the loading rate is usually 1C or 2C, but some manufacturers have introduced a number of rechargeable batteries at rates up to 4C. As the case of over-charge the batteries may cause great damage, so you must use a “smart” (smart) charger, which must monitor the state battery, while providing a very stringent “condition of charge termination. Smart charger included in the circuits involved, in addition to controlling the charging process is responsible to provide three functions: the battery state regulation, charge the PA3395U-1BRS PA3399U-1BAS battery before the start of the identification and ensure that the process of charging by the security set. Battery state regulation when the battery used for a period of time, the reaction is the formation of some crystals on the surface will impede the conduct of prosecution, some of crystallization is that the method of real contact would be removed. However, by electrical effects, there are no reliable way to eliminate these crystals can be used electrical methods. If the user so that the battery is properly managed to avoid an overload for scenarios (and in some chemical mechanism are also included in the excessive discharge) and compared the abuse of the battery, the former deputy -product of the cumulative rate of secondary reactions will be relatively slow, and the work temperature is relatively low, which does not only extend the life cycle of the battery, but also the high capacity storage battery maintain a longer period of time. To-nickel cadmium, with the greatest capacity, there is a very useful electric mode of operation. Nickel-cadmium batteries will be “memory effect” is when the current through the nickel cadmium batteries have been charged in the storage area, they will change the crystalline structure of the phase state of the region. In this new phase state, in terms of stored energy or release energy during the reaction, and receive a lower voltage. Nickel-cadmium batteries to power if the first version, you can reverse-charge region of chemical reaction, and would return to the normal crystalline structure, it can eliminate the memory effect of battery. For nickel-cadmium batteries, the charge before the action of discharge is a useful step in the charge before the adjustment. Identification of the cell identification of the battery to determine battery state of normal, acceptable load. IBM ThinkPad T43 battery  IBM ThinkPad T60 battery

 

We can open the battery and short circuit test: In the open circuit test, plus a voltage across the battery, then adjust the voltage for the battery current minimum test in short-circuit then let the battery with a current, then adjust the size of this current for the battery voltage minimum. In general, during the test imposed by the voltage or current does not exceed half the load value at high speed. On the other hand, manufacturers specify a temperature range of pricing, the action of load can be performed in this temperature range. While manufacturers of integrated battery thermistor while before driving at high speed loading, you may want to check the temperature limits. In addition, if the battery has been over-charging, it should not re-charge, if a battery has published a lot of power, and not appropriate to pay a higher rate, it should not re-high speed loading . Identification of the failure of the battery there are several approaches to exclude short-circuit or open circuit failure, the battery replacement is the only way. If problems with temperature or voltage, then the shipper May BE access to “break load” (loading) state, waiting for conditions to return the battery related to the extent permitted by. If the battery voltage is too low, then the adjustment phase of the battery, charger generally adopt stable pricing, which allows the voltage of backup battery charging high speed allowed by the minimum voltage. A complete charging solution that can contain a maximum of four parts: the algorithm for high speed broadband loading loading pricing conditions for the completion of the suspension (top-off) algorithm to conduct the interview A1012 A1060 battery acid charging algorithm in the world of high speed phase load, also known as “many leaders” (bulk load) phase, used for fast charging the battery; Whether reserve running the battery at least? High-speed loading phase of what should be in time to stop? These are the conditions of the suspension load at high speed to select the appropriate basis for judging. The nickel - hydride batteries, metal, when the cycle of high load velocity due to temperature or voltage limit must be stopped, usually there will be 5%-20% of electricity has not yet completed, the charger will continue to use a loading rate of the smaller “charging” phase complete (high-speed loading rate of 1 / 5- 1 / 8. Ni-MH battery charging is complete. In general, this charge will be for a period of time fixed for completion. Then it is loaded by a maintenance phase or a stage of “floating” (float phase) to compensate for battery self-discharge rate, so that the battery will maintain the condition of full power.

In the 21st century, the world’s energy saving problem of reducing emissions is very important, while the height of the information age of high automotive, high technology, good conditions for the development of another, so that the global automotive industry, appeared in two types of innovative ways: First, attach importance to technology to traditional internal combustion engine vehicle a significant improvement, the second is actively engaged in developing new energy vehicles, particularly the development of electric car development and industrialization. Electric Vehicles and vehicle fuel cell in the global automotive industry, the future development of vehicles and the theme for the competition and electric vehicles as a key vehicle batteries to power new car, auto giants are and the reasons leading manufacturer of Laptop battery, but they have announced investment plans and production workload, triggering a boom car battery investment.

 

Electric vehicle batteries on board a new energy

 

The overall development of electric vehicle battery technology in two major aspects: first, the two existing time the battery should be improved; second is to develop new fuel cells. Currently the majority of electric vehicle battery is still at relatively cheap price of lead acid batteries and other traditional products, but with technological advances and cost effective control of production, batteries lithium and nickel-light metal hydride battery, mileage long life and high energy density and production benefits are gradually being power, which will become the heart of development. Experts predict that by 2015 the global market demand for batteries of hybrid cars will increase three times with a total value reached 23 billion U.S. dollars in 2009, first used in hybrid cars on lithium-ion batteries may occupy the entire half of the IBM ThinkPad X60 battery market. Japanese car giant is expected in the United States and Europe around the year 2010 will be officially in the lithium-ion batteries on passenger cars.

 

1) The vehicle fuel cell on demand. Fuel cells use a variety of fuels, which may be petroleum-based fuels, can also be an organic fuel, and can use, including renewable fuels, including virtually all elements of hydrogen fuel. Been transformed into hydrogen fuel, with its hydrogen fuel cell fuel cell conversion of fuel energy law Carnot cycle limit, thermal efficiency can reach 34% ~ 40%.

 

Different types of fuel cells use different electrolytes are acidic, alkaline, molten salts or solid electrolytes. In the fuel cell fuel and oxidizer through the catalyst in the process of energy conversion, production of electricity through the electrochemical reaction and water (H2O), therefore, does not produce ‘oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and hydrocarbons (HC) and so on air pollution emissions from the environment.

 

Currently, for the combustion engine powered vehicles has become one of the harmful gas emissions, the main source of emissions. Experimental Evidence: When the new vehicle to use natural gas, hydrogen fuel cells as fuel VGP-BPS9 rather than gasoline engines, internal combustion, CO2 emissions can be reduced up to 72%. However, if fuel cells replace the internal combustion engine, the technology of fuel cells, not only to comply with strict legislation on emissions vehicle requirements, but also provide the same convenient and flexible for users end transportation solutions. Drive vehicles, fuel cells must be able to quickly reach operating temperature, with economic benefits and can provide stable performance. It must be said cell proton exchange membrane fuel is best placed to meet these requirements, lower operating temperature can quickly reach the required temperature. As can quickly adapt to a variety of different needs, and about 25% of the efficiency of internal combustion engine, compared to their effectiveness can be as high as 60%. Studies have shown that cells with methanol fuel, fuel consumption is to use gasoline for internal combustion engines of vehicles to 1.76 times. In the existing fuel cells, fuel proton exchange membrane cell power density of the most important. When people in the vehicle for special attention to the design of space is maximized, this factor is essential. In addition, the solid polymer electrolyte may help reduce potential corrosion and safety management. The only potential problem is the fuel quality to avoid contamination of the catalyst at low temperature, fuel cell proton exchange membrane must be used without polluting hydrogen fuel.

 

2) Lithium-ion batteries and lithium-polymer and objects (LIP) battery. Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion) batteries developed from a lithium Dell Inspiron B130 battery. Material Lithium MnO2 cathode or thionyl chloride, lithium anode. After completing assembly of the battery is the battery voltage at no charge. This battery can be charged, but the cycle performance is not good in the charge-discharge cycle over the formation of lithium dendrites, causing internal short-circuit the battery, under normal circumstances the battery Management is prohibited. Later, the Japanese Sony invented the carbon anode materials, lithium-containing compounds to make positive, the charge-discharge process, there is no lithium metal and lithium-ion does, which is Lithium-ion battery. When the battery is charging, the lithium positive ion generation, resulting in movement of lithium ions through the electrolyte to the cathode. As the anode carbon multilayer structure, it has a lot of micro, lithium-ion anode embedded in the porous carbon layer, the integrated lithium-ion plus more carrying capacity. Similarly, when the discharge of the battery (ie, the process of using the battery), which is incorporated in the layer of carbon cathode of lithium-ion extrusion, but also the movement back to positive. Back to the cathode of lithium-ion battery plus the largest discharge capacity. Commonly called “battery capacity refers to the discharge capacity. LII and LiP battery is the newest technology batteries, lithium chemical processes involved in organic electrolyte ions Li in the carbon anode in lithium metal and lithium compounds, running between the cathode. Developed by LiI batteries using cathode lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO), the negative is very high capacity hard carbon online carbon material to form a single cylindrical cell (diameter 67 mm, length 410 mm) by set of eight composition of a standard component. Weight 29 kg Voltage 28.8 V, capacity of 100 Ah, the specific energy of 100 W? H / kg. Only charging voltage of 4.2 V hp Pavilion dv4000 battery, full-time load is 2.5 h, the power density of up to 300 W / kg, to about Ni-H 2 times. LIP is a state of “solid” battery, which uses a lithium metal or pure lithium in the carbon anode, the use of high conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte. The unique nature of the electrodes for lips and polymer is very thin, the thickness of a unit is only 0.01 cm, the equivalent of a “transparent tape” thick. May be packaged in any form, can drive and installed in the cylinder, may also piled up a block of apartments. LiP unit battery voltage 3 V (NiMH battery 1.2 V) so that 12 V batteries lip may be composed of four single-cell battery 14 V Lip.

 

Canada Hydroquébec Electric Company and 3M, the joint development of the lips for the batteries of electric cars to work at 60 ℃ to obtain high conductivity in solid polymer electrolyte, so that better performance of the battery, its energy density 120 W? H / kg. Nissan Hyper Mini electric vehicle using high density and light quality lithium-ion batteries, their energy density batteries, lead acid 3 times, 1.5 times the nickel-metal hydride sony VGP-BPS5 battery can load and unload 1 200 times. Load simple, non-contact charging method, you can simply roll the plastic into a high output power of ordinary frequency, you can connect. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a new type of cathode materials for lithium battery, lithium batteries can produce lighter and prices lower, while the energy conversion more efficient. Using a replacement aluminum parts are usually made of cobalt cathode, the lithium produces a higher voltage than normal. As the density of aluminum small and inexpensive, thereby reducing the quality and cost of the entire battery.

 

3) Ni - MH battery. It is also a type of alkaline batteries, the nominal voltage of 1.2 V, the specific energy can reach 70 ~ 80 W? H / kg, will extend the mileage of electric cars. That the power of 200 W / kg, is the lead acid batteries twice may improve the performance of starting the vehicle, and acceleration. Features a high discharge rate, a short period of time can be 3 C discharge, the instantaneous rate of discharge pulses much. Ni - MH over-charging and over-discharge performance is good, may be responsible charge and can fast charge, within 15 minutes in up to 60% charge, 1 h may be completely filled in the additional period of Emergency care is short. In 80% depth of discharge, cycle life can reach 1 000 times more than lead acid batteries 3 times. All closed-shell, you can work in a vacuum environment. Better performance at low temperature can be stored longer. Ni - MH are not heavy metals like lead and cadmium do not pollute the environment, Ni - MH toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery can be charged with leaving it with no nickel - cadmium in the absence of discharge after finished charging electricity to the “memory effect”.

 

2-car electric vehicle battery is the bottleneck technique

 

The ultimate development of the new direction of energy vehicles purely electric vehicles and electric vehicles to fuel cell, while the current market outlook is the most hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) especially the broad perspective PHEV, its maximum technical difficulty is precisely the vehicle battery. Pure Car battery is running in bus lanes, and some carmakers are beyond the pure cell prototype car, but because the level of battery power and price reasons, not in the car on a wide range of applications . Vehicle fuel cell are currently part of a basic theory and practical skills while promoting high-tech products, while the global automotive industry, a more coherent vision, from a historical trend and realistic to consider the scientific development, it will be the future of the electric car industry is also the best final product. Currently, a fuel cell powered electric + electric hybrid car has more to occur. This will temporarily reduce its technology to fuel cell requirements of lithium-compensated ion apple A1079 battery, it can be said that hybrid vehicles in the longer term transition, leading to a real cell vehicle fuel is an issue course. Hybrid technology is an important part of the strategy for energy research and development of automotive batteries, countries are wrestling competition to advance a breakthrough. In 1991, the U. S. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have created an electric car “Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), co-developed needs a new generation of high-energy batteries and heavily subsidized by the U.S. Department of Energy. In recent years the government U.S. has also provided 3 100 dollars to accelerate research into this technology. The foreseeable future, new energy vehicles PHEV is an important development direction.

 

3 warlords market investment vehicle battery becomes mainstream lithium batteries

 

In the field of lithium batteries is the global market share of first place in Sanyo Electric of Japan to start mass production in 2009. From the beginning of 2006, Sanyo to join the Volkswagen Group in Germany, a new generation of nickel - systems hydride batteries. Volkswagen is currently jointly developed specifically for hybrid vehicle battery high capacity Lithium, and is ready to be in 2012, the use of vehicles environmentally friendly. Toyota Motor Corporation jointly Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., a substantial increase in the Aspire 3000 battery environment friendly hybrid car. Toyota and Matsushita Battery co-funded manufacturing enterprises “PanasonicEV energy (hereinafter PEVE) will build a mainstream production of nickel - plant hydride batteries, the large investment of about 300 billion yen is expected to put into service in 2011, an annual production capacity of around 300,000 car batteries. This series of initiatives to increase the total investment of about 700 billion yen. At the same time, Toyota also accelerate research and development at a lower cost mass production of next generation lithium-ion battery technology. PEVE will invest in new production of next generation lithium-ion battery plant, and strengthen the existing installation Ni - MH battery capacity. These measures will accelerate the environmental strategy and achieve Toyota hybrid production to reach its global vehicle output 1 / 10 targets.

 

To catch up to Toyota, Nissan and NEC have started joint production of car batteries. Nissan and NEC will jointly cost 20000000000 yen (about $ 194 million) in the mass production of the first world of hybrid cars and electric vehicles and other environmentally dedicated lithium-ion batteries. The new joint venture plant in early 2009 formally put into operation, the initial production of lithium batteries will be able to provide 1 million hybrid electric vehicles use, future production will increase by five times. Nissan began in 1992 on board lithium-ion VGP-BPS9A/B battery research and development. 2000, the company co-operation with NEC to jointly develop lithium thin-ion battery technology. In May 2008, Nissan Motor and NEC and its subsidiaries NECTokin joint venture company - Automotive Energy Supply Corporation (AESC) began operations around the same time, Nissan and its French partner Renault to provide the lithium battery. 2 shots from 2010 in Japan and the U.S. market for electric cars.

Development of electric cars and hybrid vehicles in the automotive industry in energy shortages in the world and its changing lifestyle need to find a way out of your move. Europe and the United States on alternative fuel vehicles in the current development of new energy is different. Characteristics of the island of Japan geographical influence their consumption habits, has developed a new bus station and convenient charging for development for the city driving a small electric car for the entire national acceptance.

 

4 Conclusions

 

Currently includes the Toyota Prius hybrid cars, including the use of Ni - MH VGP-BPS13 battery, but the efficiency of the battery technology is regarded as having reached the limit, while the lithium-ion batteries due to have a low light weight, high capacity and high power and other advantages of being in North America, Europe and Asia, auto makers favor, is expected to field lithium-ion batteries will also gradually replace nickel - hydride batteries. Currently, the leading countries have a deposit of more than 20 lithium-ion battery research and development, while Toyota and Ford and other carmakers are clear that the future of its hybrid car will use lithium-ion rechargeable battery.

 

The future increase in demand for portable devices, and can be multi-processing task in recent years, the average consumer to use “small parts” of the market expansion will promote the growth of lithium batteries ion battery market, light electric vehicles and electric vehicles and other new applications are for the lithium-ion battery in the dynamic high growth industry and the car lithium-ion battery market next 5 to 7 years continue to grow. 2016 value of total production of lithium-ion battery market is expected to challenge 10 billion U.S. dollars, the lithium-ion batteries are also broad prospects for developing lithium-ion battery room huge industry electrolyte imagination.

Battery power supply design is the development of chemicals and the workers of scientific research, technical staff, knowledge and skills.

 

1. Battery Design Basis

 

• The design goals of battery and the basic principles of

 

Cell is the design of instruments and equipment to provide the best use of the performance of work or power outlet. Therefore, the design of the Laptop battery must first be used to meet the electrical requirements and optimize it with the best overall performance, to determine the battery electrode, electrolyte membrane, Shell and other parties parameters, and they are hand are made to specifications and indicators of battery or batteries.  

  

• design of the battery requirements

 

Battery is designed to meet the object (or user equipment) made the request. Therefore, when designing the battery, the first to have a detailed understanding of the items on the performance indicators of the battery conditions and user requirements, generally include the following:

 

• the battery voltage;

• Battery operating current is the normal current and peak current;

• Battery working hours, including time to discharge continues, the use of the term or life cycle;

• Battery work environment, including hours of work in which the Dell Latitude D510 battery status and temperature;

• The maximum size of the battery.

 

Should also be taken into consideration: the source material; battery performance, characteristics of the battery of the determinants of battery technology, economic indicators, environmental issues and other factors.

 

• performance assessment battery of key indicators

 

Battery performance in general, mainly the following aspects to evaluate.

 

(1) The capacity of the battery capacity is defined as a rejection of certain conditions, can be obtained from the battery power, which is currently on full time, generally expressed in Ah or mAh, this which directly affects the maximum operating current of the hp Pavilion dv4 battery and working hours.

 

(2) The discharge characteristics and internal resistance characteristics of battery discharge is granted the discharge of the battery in a system, the fineness of its operating voltage, the voltage level of the platform and the performance mainstream discharge, etc., which indicates that the battery with a capacity load. Battery internal resistance including the ohmic resistance and polarization resistance electrochemical discharge current large, the resistance of the flow characteristics are particularly evident.

 

(3) Operating temperature with electrical work environment and conditions require the use of batteries in a specific temperature range with good performance.

 

(4) The storage performance of the storage sony VGP-BPS5 battery for a while because of certain factors for changes in performance, causing the battery to discharge, leakage of electrolyte, the battery short-circuit and so on.

 

(5) life cycle (secondary battery) life cycle means the system of secondary batteries in accordance with a certain load and discharge its functions reduced to a certain level (for example, the initial capacity of 60% ) when the number of cycles.

 

(6) The internal pressure and resistance performance overload (secondary battery) for Ni-Cd, Ni-MH battery and other sealed type secondary, high current for recharging the battery internal pressure can reach the balance and equilibrium pressure of the high and low resistance of the battery current level of overcharging to measure the performance of performance are all important indicators of good or bad, if the battery internal pressure reaches the equilibrium or balance, the pressure is too high, it will limit the devices battery voltage (such as explosions bullet proof) to open the battery caused by discouragement or neglect fluid, which leads rapidly to the failure of the battery. If the device fails, pressure limiting, there may cause cracking of the tank apple iBook G4 14 inch battery or an explosion.

 

2. Battery design the basic steps

 

Battery design staff in design tasks clearly and fully prepared, you can imagine.

 

User requirements depending on battery design ideas from the battery, there are two: one for electrical equipment and instruments, rated capacity of the power source, and another is just one factor given power supply form developed excellent battery performance specifications for new or special-shaped battery.

 

1 to determine the ability of design steps of the battery

 

• determine the number of combined organ cells Tenor battery voltage of single battery and current density.

• According to user requirements to determine the overall work of the battery voltage, current indicators of operating and other series of selected cells, the light of the series “Volt-Ampere curve “(derived from empirical data or experience) to determine the work voltage of single cell and current density.

• determine the number of batteries in a single cell.

= The number of total voltage single battery voltage / battery

• Calculation of battery capacity

• According to the requirements of course work and working time calculations of charge.

Nominal Capacity * = current operating hours

• determine the design capacity of

Design capacity = capacity * Design factor

A design factor is to ensure the reliability and lifetime of the whole of the battery, the general attitude 1.1-1.2