Digital battery

First, the investment mentality.

 

Currently, many people involved in this industry have speculative mentality, coupled with an eye to see, superstition, some plants that are called “automatic repair, automatic shutdown, the repair process in the charge process automatically, without opening the lid, do not add any ecprice chemical, the repair cost of zero. “You want something for nothing, you can easily be Italian. You should know that” the sky is not Diaoxian Bing “, no technology is simply not the issue.

 

The gullible people, most of them had a “rich mentality” quick, just for “Chou Fu” mentality: they always want to invest as little as possible to achieve higher profits the better. Yangaoshoudi peacetime, success is easy to see that someone “jealous” is rain, blind faith in false propaganda. Who does not want to invest, do not want to make a robust service, such as parasitism,

 

Fortune can often fall into the trap of others to say these people, “Chou Fu” mentality, he said: Some people say blind faith in the instrument repair at low cost, high price equipment manufacturers to reap the benefits. Advisories repair, although the instrument has also recharge the Laptop battery, but it has significant technical content in it, regardless of cost or sale with the normal charger was a significant difference. Can say this: the high price in May will not necessarily be a good device, but the price is well below the instrument repair ineffective, and even that compensation is a real charger false instrument.

 

According to official statistics, with “rich-quick” mentality entrepreneur failure rate higher than 97.4%, and most end up being cheated. And the successful entrepreneurs who started from scratch with minimal success, at least 1.5 years. Investors should be rational distinction between the “rich-quick” and “wealth” is wealth passionate desire to get rich as quickly as possible realize their dreams of wealth.

 

Secondly, a better understanding of relevant knowledge

 

Do not be afraid to spend money, they should go personally to visit, if necessary, take the Dell Inspiron B120 battery for the effects of compensation is not allowed to go away from company visits, he purchase of materials, customer lists, phone calls, view their effect on equipment repair, several comparisons that your knowledge can be rich to make the real distinction should not be fooled.

 

Available in the following prove the technology (equipment) the authenticity of:

(1), equipment, ranging from car repairs, and auto-stop the repair process in the charge process automatically without opening the hood. If it is, the device is a charger is no doubt that the real instrument may be prompted to repair, will not stop automatically. In addition, the use of the battery in the process will be short of water, add the liquid without opening the lid, is a repair defective hp PP2182L battery.

(2) See the power output device (current) how much: small power equipment, repairing a long period, the results is unsatisfactory repair. Under normal use, the battery, use it to trickle charge can be extended battery life, right to the end of the repair of battery life, the result is not satisfactory; right equipment, the power output of heavy equipment, the repair process due to the increase in current, such as increasing battery temperature quickly, it is possible, according to a senior official today.

 (3), lead-acid battery life from conception is 3-5 years, through the use of easy process to form sulphate, is often used for 1-2 years to scrap, repair, and l the use of 1-2 years, the effect is very good, and called after the repair can be reused 3-5 years, regardless of their claim to be the most advanced equipment for rehabilitation and do not believe easily.

 

Thirdly, do not be fooled by appearances.

 

Some companies incorporated less than a year dare claim to be well-known trademarks in China patented product, there are many VGP-BPS2B companies that honor is true or not frivolous, “China’s first industry leader.” If the company is located in the universities known, or known as China’s first, both do not take seriously, multi-party inspection before making a decision, Mo-huang of the eye is superficial.

Waste batteries may be small, but have major damage. However, due to pollution, waste batteries as waste, air and water pollution, as would any sensory think she has a great hidden, so they do not received due attention. At present, China has become the production and consumption of Laptop battery power, pollution of batteries is an urgent need to solve a major environmental problem. Today we are releasing three consecutive editions of relevant reports and the relevant government departments want people to attach importance to environmental pollution caused by batteries, the joint action for the recycling of waste batteries to face advice and suggestions to encourage the production and consumption, “Green Battery” to develop relevant policies.

 

Batteries are our daily lives, using one of the most commonly used, from cameras, tape recorders, calculators, clocks and electronic pagers, electronic dictionaries and handheld computers, are inseparable from the battery. China is a production of dry batteries and consumer country, year, production reached 15 billion of first place in the world, consumption of 70 million, an average of all Chinese people eat five batteries per year.

 

For years, China’s production of dry batteries, it is necessary to reach a toxic — mercury or mercury compounds. Alkaline batteries from China in the mercury content of 1 to 5%, 0.025% neutral dry-cell batteries, dry 40Y6797 batteries annually for the production of tens of tons of mercury amounted to much.

 

Mercury is our so-called “Mercury”. Mercury and its compounds are toxic, the scientists found that mercury neurotoxicity was evident in most of the endocrine system, immune system, also have side effects. The 20th century took place 50 years in Japan shocked the world of public nuisance disease — Minamata disease is caused by mercury pollution.

 

Over 40 years in Japan, a coastal city in southern Kyushu — city of Minamata, the local population, it is a strange disease. Patients began to slurred speech, unsteady gait, limb paralysis, cramping body of last resort, mental disorders, died of torture in pain. Later, with people infected with diseases more and more, even the cats and birds have experienced the same symptoms. Later, medical workers and marine fish of the deceased in the body of toxic methylmercury have shown that people who consume contaminated fish poisoning. After investigation, the local industries in Japan original nitrogenous fertilizer to perennial mercury from Minamata bay containing wastewater discharged into sea by mercury pollution, seafood from local fishing contain high levels of methyl mercury.

 

Minamata Bay in order to restore the ecological environment, the Japanese government has spent 14 years invested 485 billion yen, the Minamata Bay mercury sediment dig deep 4 m, all clear. Meanwhile, in Minamata Bay, the entrance to the VGP-BPS2B establishment of a quarantine network will be contaminated in the bay of deep-sea fish were all caught up in landfills. Who attended the outbreak of Minamata disease Minamata, Japan, Mayor Masazumi Yoshii said with emotion: “After almost half a century of unceasing effort, we finally from the shadow of Minamata disease in out, and she built a new city of Minamata. I hope that the world has learned the lessons of Minamata disease in Japan, ignorance of the mode of production, the implementation of the civilized mode of production. ”

 

It is understood that in developed countries, have been eliminated mercury batteries, mercury batteries free at or low in mercury. In Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection of Japan as consultant experts Liu Xiu-Ming, the current generation of Japan and the use of mercury batteries are not due to mercury-free, the waste batteries to significantly reduce damage to the environment, and the costs of landfilling are also smaller s.

 

China from January 1, starting this year, has also introduced low-mercury batteries and mercury-free, in the new century, when the Dell Latitude D505 battery finally went into the lives of Chinese people green. However, the reporter learned that the majority of our consumers better understand the pollution of waste batteries are not too many people buy batteries often arbitrary and do not give priority to environmental compliance. As the manufacturer of the battery, battery production environment, need to improve the process equipment and raw materials, formulations, presumably to increase capital investment and production costs, companies are not very willing. At present, some business-to-cell “Restricted Mercury suggests that indifference, do not touch anything.

 

How to advocate for the protection of the environment, the concept of green consumption? How to promote greener production of green products? An interview with the Center for Environmental Science, Peking University Professor Ye Wenhu. He said the decision to choose what type of consumer goods, consumption patterns of people, while the consumption patterns of the public are an indication of the degree of social civilization. Must be directed by the publicity and education, to defend the people to choose a new concept of sustainable development, consumption patterns, buying green products in favor of environmental protection, consumer choice will push producers to improve the product. In addition, manufacturers should actively promote green products. What type of company products to stimulate consumption, which means the quality of entrepreneurs and corporate image? However, there are these two points is not enough, because the psychology of the consumer public, the general pursuit of a cheap BATBL50L6, green is not very important activity of the company, the Money is the first 1, the green is not the primary consideration. Therefore, we must submit to the Government, using economic means, legal and administrative steps to facilitate firms’ production and consumption patterns in public compliance with environmental requirements. The government’s behavior, market behavior (or behavior of enterprises) and public behavior of these three types of social behavior of man, the government acts in a dominant position.

 

Hazards of waste batteries and our response

 

The production of more garbage is so overloaded with the planet we live on an endless stream of pollution incidents, “junk Besieged City” has long sounded the alarm for us. How harmless, the reduction in resources was a priority. “Develop resources wrong” re in recent years, understanding of the garbage people. The implementation of waste separation and recycling of waste will be able to achieve the best possible use of turning waste into treasures.

 

On the size and weight, the batteries used in household waste are negligible, but its harmful effects is very large, batteries containing mercury, cadmium, lead and heavy metals. Highly toxic mercury, lead can cause neurological disorders, nephritis, etc. cadmium major cause of kidney and bone diseases - osteoporosis, osteomalacia and fractures. If the batteries mixed with household waste in the landfill, over time, leaching of heavy metals can contaminate groundwater and soil.

 

Using a hp PB991A battery in our lives is increasing rapidly, has intruded into our lives and work in all corners. WALKMAN, BP machines, mobile phones, cameras, calculators. Currently, the battery consumption of around 7 billion euros. It is predicted that the battery consumption in 2000 only BP machine reaches 1.55 billion. If you do not receive adequate treatment for these batteries will be directly or indirectly endanger the health of people. Implement and promote the activities of the separate collection of batteries used by people becoming more recognized and get more attention and more support and participation of dates with dispersed pollution, less centralized management.

 

Treatment and recycling of waste batteries

 

Many countries in Western Europe, not only in stores, but also directly on the street are equipped with a battery of special recycling boxes will be collected until the toshiba PA3285U-1BRS battery is charging up to screen out persons with specialized terminology watches, calculators and other small electronic devices of button cells, they generally do not contain mercury, mercury can be extracted to be used, then manually sort the cell nickel-cadmium batteries in France, a sample plant and nickel cadmium, nickel, and then used in the steel is reused in the manufacture of cadmium batteries.

 

Other types of batteries are generally transported to a particular toxic landfill of hazardous waste, this approach not only costs too (eg in Germany the cost of burying a ton of batteries up to 1700 points), but also wasteful because it is a lot of useful documents can be used for raw materials.

 

Switzerland has two specialized treatment and the use of companies of the former battery factory Batelieke adopt the method involves grinding the old battery, then sent to heat the oven, then we can extract mercury unstable zinc, when the evaporation temperature is higher, it is also precious metals. After the merger of iron and manganese in steel alloyed with manganese required. The plant can process 2,000 tons per year of waste batteries, 780 tons of ferro-manganese alloys available, 400 tons of zinc alloy and 3 tons of mercury. The other plant is extracted directly from the apple A1008 battery of iron and manganese oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and mixed oxide of nickel and other metals to sell as scrap metal directly.

 

However, the most expensive heat treatment, Switzerland also provides buyers with each of the battery charge a little bit of battery charges specific treatment, Magdeburg peri-urban areas of the country is building a processing “wet “devices, where the addition of lead acid batteries, the different types of cells were dissolved in sulfuric acid, then using the ion resin extracted from the solution of various metal objects, using materials obtained in this way pure as the method of heat treatment, thus a higher price on the market, but also a variety of substances contained in batteries 95% can be extracted. Wet processing is possible to avoid areas of sorting (because the sorting is a manual operation, will increase the cost). Magdeburg annual processing capacity of this device up to 7500 tonnes, which means that if the cost is slightly higher than the landfill, but valuable raw materials are not scrapped, it will not pollute the environment.

 

German Duarte vacuum heat treatment developed in France but also less expensive, but it must first sort the waste batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, used batteries by heating in vacuum, where rapid evaporation Mercury can be recovered, then the rest of the ingredients field, using magnets to extract the metal iron powder and then extract the nickel and manganese remaining. This process of one tonne of waste batteries is less than 1,500 marks.

 

From what I have from a small start of each side is our motto. Care of the environment around them to participate in the classification of waste battery recycling is everyone’s responsibility and obligation. The behavior of individuals may be insignificant, but the strength of each of us raise enough to keep a civilization, a civilization with nature, sustainable development of civilization.

Lithium-ion battery circuit protection includes over-load protection, more protection against overcurrent / short circuit and over-discharge protection, and requires great precision charging protection, protection IC with low power consumption electric volt high-voltage and zero batteries and other features. This paper describes the principle of the three protection circuits, new functions and features required.

 

In recent years, PDAs, digital cameras, cell phones, portable audio devices and Bluetooth products get more and more use of lithium batteries as main power. Li-ion Laptop battery has a small size, high energy density, no memory effect, the high cycle life, high-voltage batteries and the advantages of low self-discharge rate, and nickel-cadmium batteries in nickel metal hydride are not the same lithium batteries must consider the charge and discharge of security so as to prevent deterioration characteristic. To overload the lithium battery, over discharge, over current protection and short-circuit is very important is usually the design of the battery circuit protection to protect Li-ion battery.

 

Because lithium high energy density-ion battery, it is difficult to ensure the safety of the battery. In the most charged, the battery temperature increases after the excess energy, so the decomposition of the electrolyte produced gas because of the internal pressure of the danger arising from the spontaneous combustion or broken on the contrary, over-discharge state, due to the decomposition of the electrolyte causing the Dell Inspiron 5150 battery characteristics and the degradation of sustainability, thus reducing the number of charge cycles.

 

Lithium-ion battery circuit protection is to ensure that this excess charge and discharge state of security and to prevent deterioration characteristic. Lithium-ion battery circuit protection is protected by the CI and structure of two power MOSFETs, including the protection IC for monitoring the battery voltage when there is excessive charges and the discharge state to pass the order to fill the power MOSFET to protect the battery, protect the functions of the IC during the load protection, over-discharge protection and protection against overcurrent / short circuit.

 

1, an overload protection

 

The principle of over-charge protection IC as follows: When an external charger for lithium battery, when, to avoid a temperature rise caused by increased internal pressure must end the state of load. At this stage, the need to test the hp 417066-001 battery voltage to protect IC when the time comes to 4.25V (assuming that the point of overcharging 4.25V) which activate the over-load protection, the MOSFET power to cut through the opening and closing the load.

 

In addition, attention must also be the result of excessive noise generated by the perception of dysfunction detected if determined to be overload protection. Therefore, the need to adjust the delay and time delay can be shorter than the noise.

 

2, over-discharge protection

 

In the case of excessive discharge, the decomposition of the electrolyte in case of damage caused by the characteristics of the battery and cause a reduction in the number of charge cycles. Protection of lithium-IC with on-rejection phenomenon can be avoided to protect the battery.

 

Over-the principle of discharge protection IC: To avoid excessive sony VGP-BPS2A battery status at discharge, assuming that the lithium battery connected to the load when the voltage of the lithium battery is less than the highest - point of discharge voltage detection (assumed to be 2.3V) will activate the over-discharge protection, so that the power MOSFET transition from open-cut and the threshold of discharge, to avoid battery-phenomenon discharge, and keep the battery low quiescent current in standby mode, yet current 0.1μA.

 

When the lithium battery is connected to the charger and the battery voltage lithium is greater than this period of excessive discharge voltage, over-discharge protection is lifted. In addition, taking into account the conditions of discharge pulse, excessive discharge detection circuit with time delay to prevent malfunction.

 

3, the current and short-circuit current

 

For unknown reasons (discharge or negative by metallic objects inadvertently) caused by over-current circuit or short to ensure security, you should immediately cease its discharge.

 

Terms runway Principles of protection against overcurrent IC, when the discharge toshiba PA3399U-1BAS battery current is too large or too short occurs, the protection IC is turned off (short circuit) current protection, over current detection at the moment is to power MOSFET’s Rds (on) as a sensor monitoring the impedance voltage drop in the case, if the ratio set by the voltage-current detection is higher when the discharge stopped, the formula is:

V = I × Rds (on) × 2 (V-for over-current detection voltage, I is discharge current)

Suppose V = 0.2V, Rds () = 25mΩ, and protect the current size of I = 4A on

Similarly, too much time current detection delay should also be provided to prevent current flow generated when there are unexpected failures.

Usually, after the election of overheating if they can remove the excess current factors (such as the charge immediately and out) will resume its normal state, may proceed with the normal load, the discharge action.

 

4 new protection features of the lithium-IC’s

 

In addition to the protection feature of the lithium IC attention the following new battery features is also interesting:

a. Charging over-current protection

When connecting the charger suddenly aware (as the charger is damaged), on-circuit current detection immediately, this time from top to bottom Court, the MOSFET power to cut the open position for protection.

V = I × Rds () × 2

(I is the load current; Vdet4 on voltage-current detection, Vdet4 to-0.1V)

 

b. Overcharge when the lock mode

Usually protect the IC in the over-charging protection will be after a period of delay time, and then it will cut the power MOSFETs to achieve the goal of protection when the battery voltage lithium dropped in points Lifting (hysteresis voltage overload), when it will resume once again continue to impose protection →Discharge charge discharge. Security issues in this state will not be able to get an effective solution, lithium batteries will always repeat the charge discharge →Action load discharge gate MOSFET power will be repeated alternately at high and low voltage state, which could make the MOSFET heater but it also reduces the battery life, if the lock mode is very important. If the circuit of the lithium battery protection detects over-protection mode load locked, IC will not get hot, and the relative security has improved considerably.

In the over-load protection, simply plug the battery charger, the charging time will be entered into lock mode. At this stage, even if the voltage drops of the lithium battery can not produce the recharge of the situation, remove and connect to load and unload the load can be restored condition.

 

c. Reduce the size of the circuit protection component

Will overload and short circuit protection with an integrated capacitor delay for the protection of the IC inside to reduce the size of circuit protection components?

 

5, the protection requirements of IC performance

 

a. Overload protection, high accuracy

When the lithium-ion battery charging excessive state to avoid a temperature rise caused by increased internal pressure required for the threshold state of charge. Protection IC detects the cbattery voltage, when the overcharge is detected, then detection of over-charging power MOSFETs in order to cut the load threshold. At this point should be noted that over-voltage detection burden of high precision, battery charging, battery to a state is a danger of the user, taking into account security issues and should enable the voltage when the threshold state of charge. To simultaneously satisfy these two conditions, there must be a detector of high precision, accuracy of 25mV current detector, the accuracy will be improved.

 

b. In order to reduce IC power consumption to protect

With the increasing use of time was enough lithium power-voltage ion battery will gradually diminish the value of the last low specifications below, this time need to recharge. If you do not charge for continued use, may lead to excessive battery discharge Ershi is not used. To avoid too much discharge protection IC to detect the battery voltage, over-voltage detection of the landfill once they reach the following, you must cut the discharge of MOSFET power and the threshold discharge. But this time, the BATCL50L battery itself, there are still protecting the natural discharge and IC current consumption exist, therefore the need to protect the IC power consumption to a minimum.

 

c. Protection against overcurrent / short-circuit the need for low-voltage detection and precision requirements

Short circuits due to unknown causes must immediately stop selling them. Over-current detection is based on power MOSFET RDS (on) for the impedance of induction to follow the voltage drop of blood at the time when compared with a voltage-current detection is also high at namely, to stop selling them. To MOSFET’s Rds (on) in the current charge and discharge current is the effective use of time is needed for the impedance as low as possible, at present the impedance is approximately 20mΩ ~ 30mΩ, if the voltage-current detection may be lower.

 

d. Resistant to high voltage

Battery and charger to connect the instant the pressure will be generated if the protection must meet the requirements of high voltage IC.

 

e. Low VGP-BPS2B battery consumption

In the protection of the state, its current consumption of 0.1μA rest must be small.

 

f. Zero-Volt Rechargeable

Some batteries may be stored in the process because it takes too long or unusual causes of tension as low as 0V, and therefore need to protect the IC can be achieved when 0V load.

 

6, the protection IC Prospect

 

As mentioned previously, the future protection of integrated circuits should further enhance the detection voltage accuracy and reduce current consumption to protect and improve the CI function to prevent malfunctions and so on, and the charger to connect the terminal High voltage is also the focus of research and development. In the package, at present has been a gradual shift SOT23-6 package SON6 the future, there are CSP package, even COB products to meet the requirements highlighted in a word, light.

 

In functions, protect the IC does not require integration of all functions, according to different materials, to develop a single lithium Dell Latitude D830 battery protection IC, the coverage only if overloaded or over-discharge protection, which can significantly reduce the cost and size.

 

Of course, the functional components is a single crystal of the same goals, such as manufacturers of mobile phones today have been directed towards protecting the IC, charging circuit and power management IC, and other peripheral circuits and logic is a two chip chipset, but rather of power MOSFET’s open reduction of impedance of the circuit is difficult to integrate with other IC, even if it is made of a special single-chip technology, I fear the cost is too high. Therefore, protection of single crystal integrated circuits should take some time to resolve.