Digital battery

1. Battery invention inspired by frog legs

 

“Green” has become the most popular vocabulary. Environmental protection is at the heart of “new energy”, while the core of the new energy is the battery. Recently, the “2009 Electric Vehicle Industry Development Forum held in Beijing, the technology of pure electric vehicle Laptop battery that the meeting focused. In fact, pure electric vehicles used in battery, all power battery capacity of the largest categories, but also the highest technical difficulty of a battery. His ancestors there are over 200 years, has already emerged. Over 200 years of development history, they were in the work “hard”.

 

The birth of the battery based on people’s access to stable and sustained for present needs. However, the invention of the stack is derived from the anatomy of a frog’s experience generated by inspiration, a bit accidental.

 

Portrait of the Italian anatomist Luigi Galvani, because the anatomy of the frog, when he discovered the “bio-power” and famous, please note that the lower part of this portrait of a half-frog

 

One day in 1780, the Italian anatomist Luigi Galvani (Luigi Galvani) do dissections of frogs, hands held VGP-BPS10A/B all kinds of metallic equipment, inadvertently touched the thigh of the frog at the same time, the contraction muscles of frog legs at once a moment, as the stimulatory effect, and if only a metal instrument to touch the frogs, the absence of such a reaction. Galvani believed that this phenomenon occurs because the body of the animal a sort of internal generation of electricity, which he called “biopower”.

 

Galvani’s discovery aroused great interest to physicists who contributed to repeat the experiment of Galvani, an attempt to find a way to generate electricity. The volt Italian physicist (Alessandro Volta) several times after the experiment are: Galvani “biological electricity” is not correct, the frog muscle was able to produce current, probably a kind of fluid in the muscle car effect.

 

To demonstrate their point of view, the voltage at two different types of metal immersed in a variety of test solution. The results showed that the film of two metals, as there is a place with the solution of the chemical reaction between the metal can generate electricity.

 

1799 volts in a zinc plate and silver plate immersed in salt water was found to connect two metal son have accounts through. He therefore asked a number of zinc and silver film between the pads of cloth or paper soaked in salt water dishes stacked together, hand-to-end, he feels a strong current stimulus. Volts using this method successfully in the world’s first Dell Latitude D620 battery“heap of volts of electricity.” This “V Battery” is actually a series of batteries.

 

In fact, while there are two kinds of metals immersed in a solution, it may produce galvanic action. Had received surgery metal fragments found friends, with the tongue licking the metal fittings, you will feel “Ma Ma” feeling, because a variety of metals used in the lining had a battery.

 

1836-Brittany Daniel on the V stack “had improved, but better after another battery burner” and “Grove cell” and so escape. However, at the time, regardless of the type of batteries are needed to fill the liquid between two metal plates, handling is very convenient, especially the battery is used in liquid sulfuric acid, in time movement is very dangerous.

 

2 Evolution: From “portable” for reuse

 

The initiator of dry batteries in the age of mid-19th was born. In 1860, Leikelanshi France (Georges Leclanché) invented the carbon zinc batteries, which are easier to manufacture, and the initial wet water-based electrolytes progressive disorder with sticky dough type similarly to replace and, when they are packed in containers, “dry” sexual toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery took place.

 

Invention Leikelanshi dryland

 

In 1887, the British Hellesen (Wilhelm Hellesen) invented the first dry. Compared to liquid batteries, the battery electrolyte is a paste, will not spill, easy to carry, so access to a wide range of applications.

 

Today, the dry cell has developed into a large family of over 100 different species. Common ordinary zinc - manganese dry batteries, alkaline zinc - manganese dry batteries, magnesium - manganese dry battery and so on, but the first invention, carbon zinc batteries is still the largest production of the modern dry cell. Battery technology continues to evolve in the process, new problems have emerged. It was found that despite the dry easy to use, inexpensive, disposable waste, but can not be reused. In addition, due to the metal as raw material easily lead to waste of raw materials, waste batteries can also cause environmental pollution. As a result, may be repeated charge discharge cycles, the repeated use of the hp Pavilion dv4 battery in a new direction.

 

In fact, the batteries can also be traced to the first invention of 1860. This year, the French plant (Gaston Plante) invented a battery electrode lead. This battery is unique in a period of time where the voltage drop of the battery, you can switch to reverse current, so that the battery voltage is picked up. Because the battery can be charged and can be used repeatedly, so called “battery.”

 

In 1890, Edison invented the iron-nickel rechargeable batteries, rechargeable 1910, commercial production of iron and nickel batteries. Today, more and more types of rechargeable batteries is rich in the form of increasingly diverse, the oldest of lead acid batteries, a battery of lead crystal, the iron-nickel batteries, and that silver zinc batteries, developed for lead-acid batteries, solar cells and lithium batteries, etc.. In the meantime, more and more areas of application of batteries, capacitors increases, the performance more stable pricing more practical.

 

3 Status: New power surge

 

The story can be seen from the foregoing, the entire history of the toshiba PA3284U-1BRS battery can also be considered a “try all kinds of metal can be made batteries” of history. Now the redder metal, industry cell is “Lithium.” Lithium is the lightest of all metals inside, is also lighter than water, especially moving, need to preserve the wax inside. In fact, the original inventor Thomas Edison once had lithium batteries, but due to the chemical properties of lithium metal is very strong, which makes the lithium metal processing, storage, use a very high requirement on the environment, such as along-term lithium batteries have not been implemented. Now people on the drums, “desperate for,” these questions is not a problem. Discharge exactly the weight of lithium batteries energy is high and tension is high, the self is small, can be stored long, so it is during the last 30 years has achieved great development. We use computers, calculators, cameras, watches, batteries are lithium batteries.

 

Li-ion battery that is after the battery voltage at no charge. This battery can be charged, but the cycle performance is not good in the charge-discharge cycle over the formation of lithium dendrites, causing internal short-circuit the BATCL50L battery, under normal circumstances the battery Management is prohibited. Later, Sony invented materials such as carbon anode, lithium-containing compounds to make positive, the charge-discharge process, there is no lithium metal and lithium-ion does, which is lithium-ion battery.

 

The advantages of lithium-ion batteries is very clear: a high voltage, small size, light weight, high energy, no memory effect, no pollution, low self-discharge, the long life cycle, as the most suitable for battery electric vehicles as one. Lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion electrodes ran between positive and negative charge and discharge. Most cattle in this area of technology is “the structure of cell layers, that is, for many of assault layers very thin and then stacked together, so can be a very small volume of ‘a very high efficiency.

 

To improve ease of use, but the current number of electric cars, lithium can be used ordinary family of voltage-dependent, but the loading time up to several hours. To promote cars lithium battery large scale, the creation of the corresponding fully loaded station is essential. However, in March this year, Japanese researchers have developed a new type of “Lithium - air” batteries free of charge, just replace the water in the cathode-electrolyte function through the area of the map etc. to replace the lithium metal anode can be used continuously. In other words, charging facilities, adding things like a “filling station” rather than a big lock “battery charging station.”

 

In addition to the battery, people now want out of a variety of ways for storing electrical energy of the vehicle, for example, some have thought that with the speed flywheel for energy storage Qikuai. But the flywheel, once broken, it becomes a bomb, I did not Kaopu. Now the main research is to use the battery. In addition to lithium-ion batteries, there is a battery cell is promising “fuel”, which is a way to exist in the fuel and oxidant chemical energy directly into electricity plant. Fuel and air were sent to the fuel cell, electricity was produced well. One of the most convenient is to use hydrogen or hydrogen rich fuel gas containing the fuel cell.

 

The battery was born 200 years and they continue to move forward. Past and present the objectives of the battery has not changed: people everywhere to enjoy the electricity of a big favor.

Planning the development of new energy vehicles

 

According to media development and reform of the Commission motor team leader Wang Shulin, has revealed “new energy program for vehicle development was presented to the Council of State should officially promulgated in March 2010. In addition, State agencies will also be launched next year, development of new energy vehicles for the five accompanying measures. Analysts estimate that the new energy industry of the Laptop battery will most benefit from the concept of new energy vehicles.

 

The new energy vehicles in March next year, introduced the planning or

 

If the concept of energy market news, sauteed, in policy came good constantly. Held recently in Nanchang, the new energy vehicles and lithium-ion batteries feature forums, the National Development and Reform Commission automobile team leader Wang Shu-lin said that China will soon release of new energy vehicles, specifications techniques, and new energy vehicle development presented by Development and Reform Commission of the State Council, was officially promulgated in March next year.

 

CITIC Securities (600.03 miles, Bar Stock) Auto Industry Analyst Cheng believes that this concept of some new businesses IBM ThinkPad X60 battery power, as Shanshangufen (600884, bar stock), Jiangsu Guotai (002091, bar stock), companies production of batteries, etc. to receive more, but for the entire automotive sector in particular, SAIC, FAW and other major car companies have little effect. Energy vehicles would be the automotive industry and its upstream segment of the cell concept of society have an impact. March release, “the restructuring of the auto industry and the revitalization plan” submitted in 2011 to form a production capacity of 500,000 short-term goal, which is currently more than 1300 million units for the production of the automotive industry is concerned, a very small proportion of new energy vehicles. For their own societies smallest battery to the past, mainly the provision of mobile phones, computers and other battery-quarter production traction batteries, 500,000 will be a huge volume of activity, hence the emergence of new energy concepts will greatly enhance the performance of these companies.

 

From March 2009 “published by the restructuring of the automotive industry and the revitalization of planning” in response to vehicles with new energy into the electric car, Development and Reform Commission has been clearly put forward in 2011 to form a production capacity of 500,000 short-term goal. It is understood that electric vehicles, power VGP-BPS10A batteries, electric motors, power electronics, the cost of key components, which represents the cost of electric vehicles by 30% -50%. Based on the calculation of 500,000 electric vehicles with a value of annual production expected to reach 1,000 billion yuan.

 

Previously, the two countries issued a joint statement in Beijing, the two sides agreed during the next five years, Sino-US Joint Research Center of the investment for clean energy at least 150 million U.S. dollars the priority research topics will own cars. The market believes that Sino-US Joint Declaration on cooperation in energy sources such as news, digital, relatively rare in history, new energy vehicles are expected to form a positive plate material.

 

The State Council Development Research Center of Industrial Economics Research Department, Feng Fei energy experts believe that both parties should take the initiative in the field of electric vehicles for cooperation, Xinhua China (600,795, bar stock) in a car walk has a large market and low manufacturing benefit costs, however, the overall level of automotive, industrial technology, the infrastructure was not enough, the United States, it is precisely in this area has a great advantage if both parties take the initiative in the field of electric vehicles to launch a new type of automotive products, will become a reality.

 

Automotive Li-ion batteries to double next year transfers

 

As environment-friendly vehicles worldwide are sought, the hybrid electric cars and sells the coming years, the automotive market lithium will develop rapidly. Fuji Institute of Economic Research said that from the 2010 car market lithium batteries will quickly recover and continue to grow. The report predicts that by 2014, manufacturers of batteries that the overall amount of total shipments in 2008 increased by 45.2% to 6.2392 billion yen. Among them, rechargeable hp Pavilion dv4 battery market will be extended to 4.9983 billion yen, an increase of 66.8%. It should be noted that the needs of the automotive industry will become the main engine of expansion of the battery market is expected in 2009 shipments of lithium batteries automotive sector will amount to ¥ 10,400,000,000 in 2008, based on double ¥ 25000000000; In 2014, the market size will expand rapidly to 2.25 billion yen, or about 215 times in 2008.

 

Management Consulting International firm Roland Berger Strategy on the global outlook for new energy vehicles in the last research report predicts that by parts of the electric power in 2020, China is the drive assembly and components market worth 10 billion euros Chao, whose 2011, 2014 and 2017 the market value of 600 million euros, respectively, 2.4 billion and 56 billion euros, the estimated market value of the environment in 2020 will reach 6.5 billion euros, even a conservative estimate will reach 2.4 billion euros. According to forecasts the next 10 years, Chinese enterprises in the hybrid and electric vehicles future developments in the field have an advantage, in particular, the basic components, including developments in the field of toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery has a great potential because Chinese companies have the advantage of cost of raw materials, manufacturing equipment and labor cost advantage.

 

According to Roland Berger predicts that 2020 will be the main markets in Western Europe, electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids will be more than 3 million in annual sales, China ranked second to reach 1.58 million of units.

 

With the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles of all relevant factors, the Roland Berger predicts that by 2020, elements of the battery of the global market share in the largest share of the market size of EUR 9,600,000,000 — 297 between. Now that the Chinese suppliers and Japan, South Korea, North America, Europe, the supplier has a significant cost advantage compared to, the future of the standard battery of quality, durability and differences prices will become increasingly small.

 

Roland Berger estimates that the demand for battery electric vehicles will be the future of lithium the main source of output growth is expected for 2020, there will be eye-catching 70% of average annual compound rate of growth. Despite the significant growth in demand, but because of higher reserves, experts do not believe that the production of lithium will be a shortage, but there may be a price increase in the risk of a temporary existence.

 

Promising varieties of independent innovation of automotive batteries

 

Shenyin analyst Wang said that under optimistic about new energy policies to promote investment opportunities in the automotive battery industry, promising varieties of independent innovation of automotive batteries. Shenyin the next 3-5 years, Ni-MH batteries, HEVs will remain the mainstream of new energy vehicles, HEVs will PH EV, EV co-existence about 10 years. In 3-5 years later, with iron to increase the performance of lithium phosphate to lower costs, and the national network of charging stations in place progressive lithium iron phosphate as the main engine PH of the EV, EV mark the beginning of a broad development prospects. Recommended Section Li Yuan (600,478, bar stock), Shanshangufen, Jiangsu Guotai, Tibet Mining (000762, shares bar).

 

Shenyin should grant political future, and the rate of localization is likely to hook. In the development strategy, pending the countries new energy vehicles as an opportunity to catch up from behind their own technology. I believe Sino-US cooperation, China will continue to insist on independent R & D path. Possible future introduction of new energy standards car allowance, spare parts and the main rate of localization will be linked to, and encourage the autonomy of key parts as soon as possible and depending on the location of raw materials. At the same time the state will improve the access threshold, and rigorous review system products.

 

Shenyin should follow the state ministries and commissions, will be introduced to encourage large-scale electrical vehicles and the development of specific incentive policies. The industrialization of new energy vehicles, including the most important policy for consumers to buy new energy vehicles are subsidized, and the development of new VGP-BPS10A/B energy vehicles and infrastructure planning. The introduction of these two policies that will address bottlenecks in the consumption and use of the bottleneck.

China North Vehicle Research of major projects of the National Institute of 863 electric vehicles Power Battery Testing Center is the primary test vehicle battery power and authority certification for the state the means of control quality to guide the development of the basic battery of tests, but also at home and abroad to carry out the relevant communication window. At present, China’s battery powers the vehicle in the development and production, what problems still exist? Their technical standards? To solve these problems, this reporter recently interviewed Prince, director of the Center for the winter.

 

“China Automotive News” At present, China’s battery powers the vehicle certification and control, how are we going?

 

Prince of winter: Since 2006, the National Directorate of Vehicle Standards announces new energy battery test in effect, the power of the electric vehicle VGP-BPS13B/B battery before testing the ad should be mandatory. Initially, only a very small output of the battery through certification, is currently about 30% of the production of the product has reached a certain standard. China North Vehicle Research Institute Power Battery Testing Center is the primary test vehicle battery power and authority certification, we passed by the State based on a car battery, battery modules and national standards Project 863 large energy batteries and super capacitors testing standards and all sorts of individual cells, modules, battery performance and safety tests and full tests.

 

Development of new energy vehicles for the safety of battery power and life cycle proposed higher requirements, certification and testing, as the battery from the battery company in the industry threshold of new energy, but this does not mean that by sensing the battery can be well applied to electrical car. Because electric vehicles are electric (EV), fuel and electricity and gas, hybrid electric (HEV, PHEV) and the model for many other performance requirements of the battery varies greatly needed features power to the vehicle VGP-BPS10B battery to assess specific pairing.

 

For the power of the battery of safety tests of performance include acupuncture, overloading, excessive discharge, squeeze, drop, high temperature, short circuit test items, etc. 7. Adopted into a single cell basis, we also test the security module will consist of five cells in the module series of battery tests. Due to cost constraints, at present there are very few companies test the safety of the battery. Testing a cost of “battery pack of 100 thousand to 50 million, while the entire group of test vehicles electric bus battery pack often requires the cost of several million dollars, we now have the batteries used in power real safety data of the electric vehicle, and compared with test data there will be some deviations.

 

“China Automotive News” In the testing and certification, you think how the safety performance of batteries power of China? What problems still exist?

 

Prince of winter: On the security side, China’s leading power vehicle overloading of the VGP-BPS10A battery over-discharge problem is not serious, but more problematic is the short-circuit, acupuncture and squeeze. While the battery life for companies looking to invest substantial funding, but most production of the batteries in these three cases is difficult to ensure. Although acupuncture, short circuit, the compression is borderline, but not underestimate the potential danger. In case of spillage, accident, the implementation of the rescue process, the presence of the battery power of these problems often causes secondary damage.

 

This year, the state-led industrial development of new energy, promote the advancement of electric vehicle technology, however, electric vehicles launched around the relatively blinder. Vehicle battery charge and discharge process is very complicated and complex, motor cars and the environment, often found in the wind, frost, rain, snow and other inclement weather, the battery safety, consistency, stability , demanding. Battery companies not only need to have a strong R & D team, but also a large number of trial experiments, to produce a driving force to meet the application requirements. Currently, Chinese companies generally have no experience of producing batteries supply, equipment manufacturing, sensors, connectors, positive and negative material, divide not advanced enough, there will be a great risk production blind.

 

“China Automotive News”: the last two years, China’s VGP-BPS8B battery production vehicle supply and sales, technical level and scale of development in what way?

 

Prince of winter: the use of point of view, China Ni-MH battery that lithium batteries perform better security, but the lithium battery a higher energy density and longevity. Currently, domestic companies producing lithium batteries more, especially lithium iron phosphate faster than any other battery development. There are many dynamic models of electric vehicles, different models of batteries, has raised one of the requirements of different applications.

 

Scale production and marketing standpoint, my car battery power are in the basic R & D, pilot phase, which has yet to reach mass production, it is not widely used in electric vehicles, short term, businesses in the battery pack is unlikely to achieve profitability.

 

“China Automotive News” with the advanced international level, the gap between the battery power of China is reflected in what areas?

 

Prince of Winter: First, the foreign power batteries using automated production methods, while internal essentially manual and semi-automatics are not likely capabilities of mass production, level of accuracy is not high. Degree of commercialization of view, China has the VGP-BPS10A/B battery power can be sold, while foreign sales of pre-existing motive power free. From the product structure, the foreign accent on the overall design and evaluation battery, including battery heat, energy management, standardization of connectors. In China, the focus of battery companies still in the material of the battery. In addition, foreign battery parameters of development, standardization, serialization functionality significantly, while the size of domestic products, the range varied from a heterogeneous disorder.

 

Second, China is relatively backward battery production facilities of electricity, many companies focus on the subject, ignoring the improvements of the manufacturing equipment. At present, China will depend mainly on the production of batteries and equipment imports expensive, which is our development of battery power vehicle is very unfavorable power batteries in mass production It should be equipment for advanced automation, the focus of advanced research.

 

Third, most independent research firms in China and battery development, funding is limited, can not solve the fundamental problems of battery technology is difficult to advance further. Lack of adequate communication between businesses, all want to know the circumstances of other people do not want to talk about their own experiences, there is widespread low-level study of the phenomenon of repetition. We must learn from Japan, to create a dynamic alliance in battery technology to promote technological development common to spend money on the razor’s edge.