Digital battery

Introduction: Ni-MH battery based on the hydrogen storage alloy electrode replacement Ni-Cd Cd electrode and developed a new type of batteries of high capacity rechargeable alkaline, becoming green energy is aujourd ‘Today an important direction of development of a secondary Laptop battery. The advantage is a greater energy density than the energy of the Ni-Cd 1.5 to 2 times, and resistance to overcharge, no memory effect, the advantages long battery life and the absence of metal pollution of the environment CD unique, it is as a national “95″ major projects of high technology research. After years of research and development, Ni-MH battery has become the market for rechargeable batteries (particularly the market for mobile), advanced products, to form their own country have been established and emerging industries.

 

1 works of the Ni-MH battery

 

Ni-MH material of the battery anode is an alloy hydrogen storage, a hydrogen absorption and desorption can be reversibly alloy. It’s the early seventies developed a new type of functional materials, which, under certain conditions, alloy reversible storage of hydrogen can absorb or release large numbers of hydrogen, d ‘ such a singular performance was applied to hydrogen storage and purification, This alloy is used resulting in turn heat pumps, compressors, catalysts, hydrogen cars burning, the separation of isotopes of hydrogen and so on. Ni-MH Ni-Cd have the same positive, ie hydroxy-nickel oxide as positive electrode, negative alloy extremely hydrogen storage, between positive and negative electrodes are separated by a membrane, while electrolyte solution is formed by the KOH and LiOH. [1] Ni-MH IBM ThinkPad X60 battery electrode chemical reactions that occur are:

 

Loading, the reaction at the cathode: Ni (OH) 2 + OH → NiOOH + H2O + e

                    Negative reaction: M + H2O + e → MH + OH —

Discharge cathode: NiOOH + H2O + e → Ni (OH) 2 + OH —

                   Negative: MH + OH-→ H2O + M + e

 

When overcharging and over the discharge occurs when the following reaction:

 

Overload, the positive electrode: 4OH-→ 2H2O + O2 +4 e

 

Cathode: 2H2O + O2 +4 e → 4OH —

 

Was released, the cathode: 2H2O +2 e → H 2 OH 2 —

 

Anode: H 2 → 2-OH 2H2O +2 e

 

Loading, the positive Ni (OH) 2 into NiOOH, the water molecules in the alloy hydrogen storage negative electrode on the discharge, the decomposition of hydrogen atom VGP-BPS9/S adsorbed on the surface electrode to form hydrogen atoms adsorbed. And then spread to the internal alloy hydrogen storage alloy reacts with hydrogen storage to form metal hydrides.

 

Disclaimer, enter e NiOOH-Ni (OH) 2 metal hydride hydrogen atom diffusion on the inner surface of the formation of adsorbed hydrogen atoms, the recurrence of the electrochemical reaction of alloy storage of ‘hydrogen and water. Over-discharge, the cathode can be restored on the consumption of NiOOH has been completed (the Ni-MH batteries are generally designed to be more negative), while H2O will be restored in the nickel electrode.

 

Overload due to the anode can be oxidized Ni (OH) 2 became NiOOH, when the formation of OH-lost e-O2, O2 spread cathode catalyst, the alloy hydrogen storage to be formed e-OH-, is also may produce negative hydrogen compounds in water, heat, so that the toshiba PA3191U-4BRS battery temperature, but also reduce the internal pressure of the battery. As the alloy hydrogen storage on the anode has been saturated with the absorption of hydrogen can not absorb hydrogen, this time, the water molecules in the cathode on discharge shape H2, H2, and a catalyst in the alloy hydrogen storage to the cathode under the infiltration of water on the compound of oxygen.

 

2, Ni-MH battery manufacturing process of batteries

 

Ni-MH battery can be made alkaline button-shaped or cylindrical, so different cell types, its structure similar to Ni-Cd batteries, especially for the sandwich-like. Ni-MH alloys manufacturing battery storage of hydrogen are primarily the preparation, positive and negative form, a pole piece assembly and so on. A typical link type Ni-MH battery manufacturing process of the battery is as follows:

 

 

Alloys for hydrogen storage apple A1060 battery should have a storage capacity of hydrogen, the equilibrium pressure of hydrogen moderate (0.01-0.5 MPa), good chemical stability in alkaline solution, abundant resources, low price and so on. Developed alloy hydrogen storage can be divided into four groups. Who have been marketed only AB5-type alloy, its actual capacity reached 330mAh / g, close to the theoretical value (372mAh / g). AB2 Laves phase alloys type are the subject of further research, quality of light, high capacity Mg-based AB2-type alloy While interest in people, but its capacity fading fast in order to achieve practical standards still need some time. To improve the life of an alloy hydrogen storage and a fast charge and discharge properties, surface treatment of alloys and diversified. Introduce the method of preparation of alloys for hydrogen storage are mainly gas atomization, centrifugal melt-spinning method, such as directional solidification method.

 

Currently used primarily to improve the sintering and impregnating parameters to increase the size of the sintered nickel cathode specific capacity, improving the ratio of volume capacity of sintered nickel positive electrode of a maximum of 500mAh/cm3 [4 ], while Ni-Cd ordinary sintered nickel positive electrode The volume ratio of capacity is only 400mAh/cm3. Ni-Cd in general need to add a small amount of nickel in the positive electrode to increase the charging efficiency of nickel cathode, reducing its rate of expansion; Ni-MH TravelMate 290 battery anode instead of adding Zn and Co to achieve the same results, and improve the absorption capacity of hydrogen battery, the control cells increased internal pressure.

 

3, at home and abroad to present Ni-MH battery research

 

3.1 current domestic battery Ni-MH Research

 

China in 70 years began to explore alloy hydrogen storage LaNi 5 electrode materials for the research opportunity is to make the material LaNi 5 physical properties and chemical and electrochemical properties. So Po Helanfeili first alloy LaNi 5 pluralistic makes Ni-MH batteries, with its U.S. and Japan, represented by a few developed countries, has launched a competition Ni-MH battery research practices and industrial development, in the shortest period of time have a marketing of Ni-MH BTP-43D1 battery market. China is the United States and Japan in the industrial development after the first developing countries. In 1995, China produced 2 million (equivalent to AA-type) batteries, the output value 210 million yuan in 1996, produced 31.4 million in 1997, producing 52 million in 1998 produced 80 million , an increase very rapidly. Tianjin Peace Bay in 1998 from the Toshiba Corporation to introduce technology and equipment. In February 1999, Tianjin blue sky, Sanyo, Japan, were introduced by Toyota, Ni-MH basic cell production, with an annual productivity of 30 million euros, and the formation of the corresponding battery, the product Sanyo’s latest is high capacity, fast charge, high reliability of the Ni-MH, with the highest level of the world. Developed by the Institute of Tianjin 1400mAhAA battery 1A charge-discharge, 100% DOD, the cycle life of more than 1000 times. Recently, Ni-MH battery-electric vehicles has been classified as medium development goals focus on long-term battery. Ni-MH battery industry in China over other countries in terms of manufacturing process of battery or product quality, varieties, there are many problems, the battery is not strong in the competitive international market. For example, the square sealed batteries because of these difficulties, lack of matching domestic manufacturers of parts and components, is not automated, and therefore not marketed. The existence of national capacity Ni-MH battery is small, short life cycle of high pressure, the discharge voltage is low self-discharge rate of greater uniformity and reproducibility is poor gap. Assembly of mobile phone batteries in China, Japan represents about 60% of the VGP-BPS9/B battery. On the Ni-MH battery recycling work at home or in white. China every year about 10 million cell phone batteries and other uses of the battery must be recovered and foreigners have been mostly recycling.

 

But we also know that our materials Ni-MH rich in resources, as early as 863 plans have Ni-MH battery included in development projects, 863 high-tech achievements exhibition was successfully presented the results of Ni-MH Rechargeable. As we all know, the China Central Television broadcast EV trial operation. These facts show that electric vehicles will be new applications Ni MH, potential for considerable development.

 

3.2 Visiting Ni-MH battery research

 

Since the early nineties of the last century have developed rapidly since the advent of NiMH batteries. Japan Nomura Research Institute, according to statistical analysis, since 1997 the global market size of a small battery has exceeded 500 billion yen in lithium-ion battery LIB 2,000 million yen market (ranked 1), the The old Ni-Cd batteries account for about ¥ 180000000000 (has a dominant position dropped to No. 2), Ni-MH VGP-BPS13A/B battery of about the maintenance of ¥ 120,000,000,000 (ranked 3).

 

As mobile communications, computing and portable consumer products has gradually begun to integrate the urgent needs of small batteries, light and efficient. Consequently, high energy density (Wh / kg), small and slim lithium-ion batteries LIB and Lithium Polymer (Lithium Polymer) batteries in recent years to obtain long-term development. In this case, one wonders, while pollution of the environment without Ni-MH battery will be developed? Ni-MH is technological innovation to develop new markets, new technologies and new products continue to emerge indicates that he has a beautiful view.

 

Ni-MH battery has been placed since the advent of mobile communications and the market for mobile computing with the lithium-ion batteries and lithium-polymer batteries a lot on the market, the increasingly competitive market. Many Japanese manufacturers produce lithium-ion batteries and Ni-MH and the output is high, they began to be produced manufactures lithium-ion batteries and Ni-MH products on the market for the sale of conflict has been a sense that it is open to Ni-MH new markets necessary. For example, the annual world production of 1997 lithium-ion batteries, Ni-MH and Ni-Cd value of hp Pavilion dv4000 battery power more than 500 billion yen, of which only the output value produced by Japanese manufacturers were more 400 billion yen (80% above), Japan 5 The major manufacturers (Panasonic batteries, Sanyo Electric, Toshiba, Hitachi Maxell, and Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd.) in 1997, production of Ni-MH value of cell production of 106.8 billion yen, which represents the value of total world production of Ni-MH (1200 billion yen) to 89%. Industry Analysis Japan and predict the time pointed out that in mobile communications and mobile computing applications, the lithium-ion batteries and lithium-polymer battery will become a mainstream product, Ni-MH battery in the 21st century in the first 10 years of back-up energy of the electric machine direction, it will drive electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles produced areas of current application.

 

Technology of the United States Molyech Power System allows the use of sintered electrodes for Ni-MH battery high current charge and discharge, which opens up scope wider. In particular, require a wide range of temperatures, withstand high vibration and high drainage capacity from the scope of high power will be widely applied to new technologies, equipment, Ni-MH battery. The Ni-MH battery in future areas of application are far from limited to mobile communications and mobile computing applications, but also on light applications, such as professional equipment and power tools to the consumer video, wireless equipment technical vacuum, and portable equipment and so on. These applications cover a wide variety of specific applications, as large as communications equipment remotely, UPS systems and electric vehicles, power small electric bicycle, light, power and even beauty tools and so on .

 

According to Japanese industry, has recently published a statistical analysis of the data table on the turn of the century, Ni-MH analysis of the Dell HD438 battery market forecasts are correct. On the mobile communications market, sales of Ni-MH decrease from year to year, sales of batteries LIB gradually increased: in 1998, lithium-ion batteries and Ni-MH strong sales of flat and more 28% each, Ni-Cd battery, and other revenue accounting for 43.4% battery, in 1999, LIB accounted for 34.1%, Ni-MH fell to 25.5%, Ni-Cd decreased to 40.4% in 2000, LIB rose to 38.8%, Ni-MH decreased to 22.9%, Ni - Cd and so on up to 38.3%. Opening new markets for Ni-MH were imminent, the Japan-US Ni-MH are the manufacturers accelerate the development of Ni-MH technology.

 

4 AA Ni-MH future developments

 

Since the introduction of Ni-MH batteries, and high energy and power required majority of applications have largely replaced Ni-Cd batteries Expected over the next Ni-MH battery will be applied to a wider range of tools High-power power. The Ni-MH batteries are used in high temperature environments, and develop a smaller and more efficient 40Y6795 battery capacity for high temperature, high vibration, and high efficiency of energy products and equipment, as hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycle visualization tools for vehicles, UPS, telecommunications equipment, computers and supplies, emergency power lighting. For example, MOLTECH being developed in the airbag the size of a sintered Ni-MH batteries for hybrid vehicles. Although Ni-MH batteries as power supply for portable electronics best use lithium batteries have been challenges, but recent technology of production of sintered Ni-MH batteries will become the future for sustainable, high power and harsh environments of the ideal food. 

 

Generally, Ni-MH of China battery technology to track more research, basic research is little originality is not enough, of intellectual property rights, patents not pay enough attention they must be improved. We must put the limited human, material resources and financial combine. Intensification of production, capacity to overcome difficulties, and providing technical integration, complementary advantages, and actively participate in international competition. Capacity Ni-MH batteries and related materials, standardization of development. According to the national conditions of China, the Ni-MH batteries in electric bicycles, electric tricycle, electric four-wheeled vehicles, and other electric bikes on the prospect of application is vast.

 

5 Conclusion

 

Can be used as a source of energy despite a variety of cells, but low energy density of lead acid batteries, Ni-Cd can not fundamentally solve the problems of pollution, safety of lithium batteries -ion batteries is not enough and the price is expensive, Na2S battery temperature is too high, the electric vehicle fuel cell may be the ultimate choice problems, there are still more expensive. Ni-MH battery is a green battery, no pollution, no maintenance, safe, high specific energy and specific power, life support high levels of performance and discharge, long cycle, so they can meet the performance requirements of the battery. Therefore, the Ni-MH battery has been recognized as the world of real-world applications in recent years, with the best engine of choice.

In the 21st century, the world’s energy saving problem of reducing emissions is very important, while the height of the information age of high automotive, high technology, good conditions for the development of another, so that the global automotive industry, appeared in two types of innovative ways: First, attach importance to technology to traditional internal combustion engine vehicle a significant improvement, the second is actively engaged in developing new energy vehicles, particularly the development of electric car development and industrialization. Electric Vehicles and vehicle fuel cell in the global automotive industry, the future development of vehicles and the theme for the competition and electric vehicles as a key vehicle batteries to power new car, auto giants are and the reasons leading manufacturer of Laptop battery, but they have announced investment plans and production workload, triggering a boom car battery investment.

 

Electric vehicle batteries on board a new energy

 

The overall development of electric vehicle battery technology in two major aspects: first, the two existing time the battery should be improved; second is to develop new fuel cells. Currently the majority of electric vehicle battery is still at relatively cheap price of lead acid batteries and other traditional products, but with technological advances and cost effective control of production, batteries lithium and nickel-light metal hydride battery, mileage long life and high energy density and production benefits are gradually being power, which will become the heart of development. Experts predict that by 2015 the global market demand for batteries of hybrid cars will increase three times with a total value reached 23 billion U.S. dollars in 2009, first used in hybrid cars on lithium-ion batteries may occupy the entire half of the IBM ThinkPad X60 battery market. Japanese car giant is expected in the United States and Europe around the year 2010 will be officially in the lithium-ion batteries on passenger cars.

 

1) The vehicle fuel cell on demand. Fuel cells use a variety of fuels, which may be petroleum-based fuels, can also be an organic fuel, and can use, including renewable fuels, including virtually all elements of hydrogen fuel. Been transformed into hydrogen fuel, with its hydrogen fuel cell fuel cell conversion of fuel energy law Carnot cycle limit, thermal efficiency can reach 34% ~ 40%.

 

Different types of fuel cells use different electrolytes are acidic, alkaline, molten salts or solid electrolytes. In the fuel cell fuel and oxidizer through the catalyst in the process of energy conversion, production of electricity through the electrochemical reaction and water (H2O), therefore, does not produce ‘oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and hydrocarbons (HC) and so on air pollution emissions from the environment.

 

Currently, for the combustion engine powered vehicles has become one of the harmful gas emissions, the main source of emissions. Experimental Evidence: When the new vehicle to use natural gas, hydrogen fuel cells as fuel VGP-BPS9 rather than gasoline engines, internal combustion, CO2 emissions can be reduced up to 72%. However, if fuel cells replace the internal combustion engine, the technology of fuel cells, not only to comply with strict legislation on emissions vehicle requirements, but also provide the same convenient and flexible for users end transportation solutions. Drive vehicles, fuel cells must be able to quickly reach operating temperature, with economic benefits and can provide stable performance. It must be said cell proton exchange membrane fuel is best placed to meet these requirements, lower operating temperature can quickly reach the required temperature. As can quickly adapt to a variety of different needs, and about 25% of the efficiency of internal combustion engine, compared to their effectiveness can be as high as 60%. Studies have shown that cells with methanol fuel, fuel consumption is to use gasoline for internal combustion engines of vehicles to 1.76 times. In the existing fuel cells, fuel proton exchange membrane cell power density of the most important. When people in the vehicle for special attention to the design of space is maximized, this factor is essential. In addition, the solid polymer electrolyte may help reduce potential corrosion and safety management. The only potential problem is the fuel quality to avoid contamination of the catalyst at low temperature, fuel cell proton exchange membrane must be used without polluting hydrogen fuel.

 

2) Lithium-ion batteries and lithium-polymer and objects (LIP) battery. Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion) batteries developed from a lithium Dell Inspiron B130 battery. Material Lithium MnO2 cathode or thionyl chloride, lithium anode. After completing assembly of the battery is the battery voltage at no charge. This battery can be charged, but the cycle performance is not good in the charge-discharge cycle over the formation of lithium dendrites, causing internal short-circuit the battery, under normal circumstances the battery Management is prohibited. Later, the Japanese Sony invented the carbon anode materials, lithium-containing compounds to make positive, the charge-discharge process, there is no lithium metal and lithium-ion does, which is Lithium-ion battery. When the battery is charging, the lithium positive ion generation, resulting in movement of lithium ions through the electrolyte to the cathode. As the anode carbon multilayer structure, it has a lot of micro, lithium-ion anode embedded in the porous carbon layer, the integrated lithium-ion plus more carrying capacity. Similarly, when the discharge of the battery (ie, the process of using the battery), which is incorporated in the layer of carbon cathode of lithium-ion extrusion, but also the movement back to positive. Back to the cathode of lithium-ion battery plus the largest discharge capacity. Commonly called “battery capacity refers to the discharge capacity. LII and LiP battery is the newest technology batteries, lithium chemical processes involved in organic electrolyte ions Li in the carbon anode in lithium metal and lithium compounds, running between the cathode. Developed by LiI batteries using cathode lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO), the negative is very high capacity hard carbon online carbon material to form a single cylindrical cell (diameter 67 mm, length 410 mm) by set of eight composition of a standard component. Weight 29 kg Voltage 28.8 V, capacity of 100 Ah, the specific energy of 100 W? H / kg. Only charging voltage of 4.2 V hp Pavilion dv4000 battery, full-time load is 2.5 h, the power density of up to 300 W / kg, to about Ni-H 2 times. LIP is a state of “solid” battery, which uses a lithium metal or pure lithium in the carbon anode, the use of high conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte. The unique nature of the electrodes for lips and polymer is very thin, the thickness of a unit is only 0.01 cm, the equivalent of a “transparent tape” thick. May be packaged in any form, can drive and installed in the cylinder, may also piled up a block of apartments. LiP unit battery voltage 3 V (NiMH battery 1.2 V) so that 12 V batteries lip may be composed of four single-cell battery 14 V Lip.

 

Canada Hydroquébec Electric Company and 3M, the joint development of the lips for the batteries of electric cars to work at 60 ℃ to obtain high conductivity in solid polymer electrolyte, so that better performance of the battery, its energy density 120 W? H / kg. Nissan Hyper Mini electric vehicle using high density and light quality lithium-ion batteries, their energy density batteries, lead acid 3 times, 1.5 times the nickel-metal hydride sony VGP-BPS5 battery can load and unload 1 200 times. Load simple, non-contact charging method, you can simply roll the plastic into a high output power of ordinary frequency, you can connect. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a new type of cathode materials for lithium battery, lithium batteries can produce lighter and prices lower, while the energy conversion more efficient. Using a replacement aluminum parts are usually made of cobalt cathode, the lithium produces a higher voltage than normal. As the density of aluminum small and inexpensive, thereby reducing the quality and cost of the entire battery.

 

3) Ni - MH battery. It is also a type of alkaline batteries, the nominal voltage of 1.2 V, the specific energy can reach 70 ~ 80 W? H / kg, will extend the mileage of electric cars. That the power of 200 W / kg, is the lead acid batteries twice may improve the performance of starting the vehicle, and acceleration. Features a high discharge rate, a short period of time can be 3 C discharge, the instantaneous rate of discharge pulses much. Ni - MH over-charging and over-discharge performance is good, may be responsible charge and can fast charge, within 15 minutes in up to 60% charge, 1 h may be completely filled in the additional period of Emergency care is short. In 80% depth of discharge, cycle life can reach 1 000 times more than lead acid batteries 3 times. All closed-shell, you can work in a vacuum environment. Better performance at low temperature can be stored longer. Ni - MH are not heavy metals like lead and cadmium do not pollute the environment, Ni - MH toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery can be charged with leaving it with no nickel - cadmium in the absence of discharge after finished charging electricity to the “memory effect”.

 

2-car electric vehicle battery is the bottleneck technique

 

The ultimate development of the new direction of energy vehicles purely electric vehicles and electric vehicles to fuel cell, while the current market outlook is the most hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) especially the broad perspective PHEV, its maximum technical difficulty is precisely the vehicle battery. Pure Car battery is running in bus lanes, and some carmakers are beyond the pure cell prototype car, but because the level of battery power and price reasons, not in the car on a wide range of applications . Vehicle fuel cell are currently part of a basic theory and practical skills while promoting high-tech products, while the global automotive industry, a more coherent vision, from a historical trend and realistic to consider the scientific development, it will be the future of the electric car industry is also the best final product. Currently, a fuel cell powered electric + electric hybrid car has more to occur. This will temporarily reduce its technology to fuel cell requirements of lithium-compensated ion apple A1079 battery, it can be said that hybrid vehicles in the longer term transition, leading to a real cell vehicle fuel is an issue course. Hybrid technology is an important part of the strategy for energy research and development of automotive batteries, countries are wrestling competition to advance a breakthrough. In 1991, the U. S. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have created an electric car “Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), co-developed needs a new generation of high-energy batteries and heavily subsidized by the U.S. Department of Energy. In recent years the government U.S. has also provided 3 100 dollars to accelerate research into this technology. The foreseeable future, new energy vehicles PHEV is an important development direction.

 

3 warlords market investment vehicle battery becomes mainstream lithium batteries

 

In the field of lithium batteries is the global market share of first place in Sanyo Electric of Japan to start mass production in 2009. From the beginning of 2006, Sanyo to join the Volkswagen Group in Germany, a new generation of nickel - systems hydride batteries. Volkswagen is currently jointly developed specifically for hybrid vehicle battery high capacity Lithium, and is ready to be in 2012, the use of vehicles environmentally friendly. Toyota Motor Corporation jointly Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., a substantial increase in the Aspire 3000 battery environment friendly hybrid car. Toyota and Matsushita Battery co-funded manufacturing enterprises “PanasonicEV energy (hereinafter PEVE) will build a mainstream production of nickel - plant hydride batteries, the large investment of about 300 billion yen is expected to put into service in 2011, an annual production capacity of around 300,000 car batteries. This series of initiatives to increase the total investment of about 700 billion yen. At the same time, Toyota also accelerate research and development at a lower cost mass production of next generation lithium-ion battery technology. PEVE will invest in new production of next generation lithium-ion battery plant, and strengthen the existing installation Ni - MH battery capacity. These measures will accelerate the environmental strategy and achieve Toyota hybrid production to reach its global vehicle output 1 / 10 targets.

 

To catch up to Toyota, Nissan and NEC have started joint production of car batteries. Nissan and NEC will jointly cost 20000000000 yen (about $ 194 million) in the mass production of the first world of hybrid cars and electric vehicles and other environmentally dedicated lithium-ion batteries. The new joint venture plant in early 2009 formally put into operation, the initial production of lithium batteries will be able to provide 1 million hybrid electric vehicles use, future production will increase by five times. Nissan began in 1992 on board lithium-ion VGP-BPS9A/B battery research and development. 2000, the company co-operation with NEC to jointly develop lithium thin-ion battery technology. In May 2008, Nissan Motor and NEC and its subsidiaries NECTokin joint venture company - Automotive Energy Supply Corporation (AESC) began operations around the same time, Nissan and its French partner Renault to provide the lithium battery. 2 shots from 2010 in Japan and the U.S. market for electric cars.

Development of electric cars and hybrid vehicles in the automotive industry in energy shortages in the world and its changing lifestyle need to find a way out of your move. Europe and the United States on alternative fuel vehicles in the current development of new energy is different. Characteristics of the island of Japan geographical influence their consumption habits, has developed a new bus station and convenient charging for development for the city driving a small electric car for the entire national acceptance.

 

4 Conclusions

 

Currently includes the Toyota Prius hybrid cars, including the use of Ni - MH VGP-BPS13 battery, but the efficiency of the battery technology is regarded as having reached the limit, while the lithium-ion batteries due to have a low light weight, high capacity and high power and other advantages of being in North America, Europe and Asia, auto makers favor, is expected to field lithium-ion batteries will also gradually replace nickel - hydride batteries. Currently, the leading countries have a deposit of more than 20 lithium-ion battery research and development, while Toyota and Ford and other carmakers are clear that the future of its hybrid car will use lithium-ion rechargeable battery.

 

The future increase in demand for portable devices, and can be multi-processing task in recent years, the average consumer to use “small parts” of the market expansion will promote the growth of lithium batteries ion battery market, light electric vehicles and electric vehicles and other new applications are for the lithium-ion battery in the dynamic high growth industry and the car lithium-ion battery market next 5 to 7 years continue to grow. 2016 value of total production of lithium-ion battery market is expected to challenge 10 billion U.S. dollars, the lithium-ion batteries are also broad prospects for developing lithium-ion battery room huge industry electrolyte imagination.

Planning the development of new energy vehicles

 

According to media development and reform of the Commission motor team leader Wang Shulin, has revealed “new energy program for vehicle development was presented to the Council of State should officially promulgated in March 2010. In addition, State agencies will also be launched next year, development of new energy vehicles for the five accompanying measures. Analysts estimate that the new energy industry of the Laptop battery will most benefit from the concept of new energy vehicles.

 

The new energy vehicles in March next year, introduced the planning or

 

If the concept of energy market news, sauteed, in policy came good constantly. Held recently in Nanchang, the new energy vehicles and lithium-ion batteries feature forums, the National Development and Reform Commission automobile team leader Wang Shu-lin said that China will soon release of new energy vehicles, specifications techniques, and new energy vehicle development presented by Development and Reform Commission of the State Council, was officially promulgated in March next year.

 

CITIC Securities (600.03 miles, Bar Stock) Auto Industry Analyst Cheng believes that this concept of some new businesses IBM ThinkPad X60 battery power, as Shanshangufen (600884, bar stock), Jiangsu Guotai (002091, bar stock), companies production of batteries, etc. to receive more, but for the entire automotive sector in particular, SAIC, FAW and other major car companies have little effect. Energy vehicles would be the automotive industry and its upstream segment of the cell concept of society have an impact. March release, “the restructuring of the auto industry and the revitalization plan” submitted in 2011 to form a production capacity of 500,000 short-term goal, which is currently more than 1300 million units for the production of the automotive industry is concerned, a very small proportion of new energy vehicles. For their own societies smallest battery to the past, mainly the provision of mobile phones, computers and other battery-quarter production traction batteries, 500,000 will be a huge volume of activity, hence the emergence of new energy concepts will greatly enhance the performance of these companies.

 

From March 2009 “published by the restructuring of the automotive industry and the revitalization of planning” in response to vehicles with new energy into the electric car, Development and Reform Commission has been clearly put forward in 2011 to form a production capacity of 500,000 short-term goal. It is understood that electric vehicles, power VGP-BPS10A batteries, electric motors, power electronics, the cost of key components, which represents the cost of electric vehicles by 30% -50%. Based on the calculation of 500,000 electric vehicles with a value of annual production expected to reach 1,000 billion yuan.

 

Previously, the two countries issued a joint statement in Beijing, the two sides agreed during the next five years, Sino-US Joint Research Center of the investment for clean energy at least 150 million U.S. dollars the priority research topics will own cars. The market believes that Sino-US Joint Declaration on cooperation in energy sources such as news, digital, relatively rare in history, new energy vehicles are expected to form a positive plate material.

 

The State Council Development Research Center of Industrial Economics Research Department, Feng Fei energy experts believe that both parties should take the initiative in the field of electric vehicles for cooperation, Xinhua China (600,795, bar stock) in a car walk has a large market and low manufacturing benefit costs, however, the overall level of automotive, industrial technology, the infrastructure was not enough, the United States, it is precisely in this area has a great advantage if both parties take the initiative in the field of electric vehicles to launch a new type of automotive products, will become a reality.

 

Automotive Li-ion batteries to double next year transfers

 

As environment-friendly vehicles worldwide are sought, the hybrid electric cars and sells the coming years, the automotive market lithium will develop rapidly. Fuji Institute of Economic Research said that from the 2010 car market lithium batteries will quickly recover and continue to grow. The report predicts that by 2014, manufacturers of batteries that the overall amount of total shipments in 2008 increased by 45.2% to 6.2392 billion yen. Among them, rechargeable hp Pavilion dv4 battery market will be extended to 4.9983 billion yen, an increase of 66.8%. It should be noted that the needs of the automotive industry will become the main engine of expansion of the battery market is expected in 2009 shipments of lithium batteries automotive sector will amount to ¥ 10,400,000,000 in 2008, based on double ¥ 25000000000; In 2014, the market size will expand rapidly to 2.25 billion yen, or about 215 times in 2008.

 

Management Consulting International firm Roland Berger Strategy on the global outlook for new energy vehicles in the last research report predicts that by parts of the electric power in 2020, China is the drive assembly and components market worth 10 billion euros Chao, whose 2011, 2014 and 2017 the market value of 600 million euros, respectively, 2.4 billion and 56 billion euros, the estimated market value of the environment in 2020 will reach 6.5 billion euros, even a conservative estimate will reach 2.4 billion euros. According to forecasts the next 10 years, Chinese enterprises in the hybrid and electric vehicles future developments in the field have an advantage, in particular, the basic components, including developments in the field of toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery has a great potential because Chinese companies have the advantage of cost of raw materials, manufacturing equipment and labor cost advantage.

 

According to Roland Berger predicts that 2020 will be the main markets in Western Europe, electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids will be more than 3 million in annual sales, China ranked second to reach 1.58 million of units.

 

With the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles of all relevant factors, the Roland Berger predicts that by 2020, elements of the battery of the global market share in the largest share of the market size of EUR 9,600,000,000 — 297 between. Now that the Chinese suppliers and Japan, South Korea, North America, Europe, the supplier has a significant cost advantage compared to, the future of the standard battery of quality, durability and differences prices will become increasingly small.

 

Roland Berger estimates that the demand for battery electric vehicles will be the future of lithium the main source of output growth is expected for 2020, there will be eye-catching 70% of average annual compound rate of growth. Despite the significant growth in demand, but because of higher reserves, experts do not believe that the production of lithium will be a shortage, but there may be a price increase in the risk of a temporary existence.

 

Promising varieties of independent innovation of automotive batteries

 

Shenyin analyst Wang said that under optimistic about new energy policies to promote investment opportunities in the automotive battery industry, promising varieties of independent innovation of automotive batteries. Shenyin the next 3-5 years, Ni-MH batteries, HEVs will remain the mainstream of new energy vehicles, HEVs will PH EV, EV co-existence about 10 years. In 3-5 years later, with iron to increase the performance of lithium phosphate to lower costs, and the national network of charging stations in place progressive lithium iron phosphate as the main engine PH of the EV, EV mark the beginning of a broad development prospects. Recommended Section Li Yuan (600,478, bar stock), Shanshangufen, Jiangsu Guotai, Tibet Mining (000762, shares bar).

 

Shenyin should grant political future, and the rate of localization is likely to hook. In the development strategy, pending the countries new energy vehicles as an opportunity to catch up from behind their own technology. I believe Sino-US cooperation, China will continue to insist on independent R & D path. Possible future introduction of new energy standards car allowance, spare parts and the main rate of localization will be linked to, and encourage the autonomy of key parts as soon as possible and depending on the location of raw materials. At the same time the state will improve the access threshold, and rigorous review system products.

 

Shenyin should follow the state ministries and commissions, will be introduced to encourage large-scale electrical vehicles and the development of specific incentive policies. The industrialization of new energy vehicles, including the most important policy for consumers to buy new energy vehicles are subsidized, and the development of new VGP-BPS10A/B energy vehicles and infrastructure planning. The introduction of these two policies that will address bottlenecks in the consumption and use of the bottleneck.

In response to the most powerful features of the 3C products, battery technology must also constantly develop initiatives to provide this generation of power more hungry, more eager for 3C products. The four most common types of rechargeable batteries - nickel-cadmium, nickel hydrogen, lithium ion and lithium-polymer at the end what is the difference? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Xiao Jiang in this year trying to find on the network to analyze the data you send.

 

Nickel-cadmium batteries (NiCd)

 

Is the oldest of a rechargeable Laptop battery technology, earlier in 1899, was invented out. Nickel-cadmium batteries can withstand a short-term benefit is that many releases, and the process of charging the reaction is endothermic - the latter feature can be quickly charged or not cause too much damage to the battery. Nickel battery voltage is 1.2V cadmium, than ordinary alkaline batteries 1.5V slightly less marked, but because the process of voltage alkaline battery discharge will continue to fall at a time when no power n ‘ is typically only 1V, but the nickel-cadmium batteries will have been to provide a stable 1.2V voltage without electricity until the date, so the majority of electronic products using alkaline batteries can be used in nickel cadmium batteries, no problem.

 

Better known shortcomings of nickel-cadmium batteries is the so-called “memory effect”, ie when the battery is discharged there is still no electricity, no longer charge the battery “remember” this position after the electricity used in such a long time left, the battery occur, and do not like the answer to electricity (transient voltage drop). Therefore, nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries need to go through a period of pre-discharge process will be private only after charging power. Most nickel-cadmium IBM ThinkPad X60 battery charger will discharge the function automatically.

 

Nickel-cadmium batteries, for storing loads of smaller (probably only alkaline batteries 1 / 4), and cadmium are toxic heavy metals, making it less visible. Most applications have been near its nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH) battery replaced.

 

Nickel-metal hydride batteries (NiMH)

 

Nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries are nearly the same technology, but will be replaced by the hydride anode cadmium only. This is the most features and the same nickel-cadmium batteries, but electricity build higher memory effect is somewhat less obvious (but actually still exists). Ni-MH battery biggest problem is that it has a high self-discharge rate, which is obviously saturated electric charge of the battery, do not book a month, the power to be out May 30 percent less spectrum.

 

The use of 5 (AA) and 7 (AAA) applications-size Dell Latitude D410 battery, nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries are currently the mainstream, but has a greater capacity to feed demand, or need to make hours of volume, it is required by lithium-ion batteries by …

 

Li-ion battery (Li-ion)

 

Lithium-ion batteries battery is almost fantastic, has a large capacity, small size, light weight, no memory effect, the tension is high, and self-discharge is small, therefore not surprising that the majority see the modern 3C products were obtained using lithium-ion (or lithium polymer) battery has.

 

But the seemingly perfect lithium-ion battery is always a risk - the most obvious point that it has quite a strong tendency to self-explosion, but so much energy packed into a small space, and exploded is very dramatic to wait a. To avoid a dangerous place, lithium batteries should be many safeguards in the hp 417066-001 battery charging and overshoot or overheating, and automatic shutdown. These additional circuits and institutions, so there is no III / IV-size lithium-ion batteries, and why such a high price due laptop battery.

 

Lithium-ion batteries have a characteristic relatively little known interesting is that you have not used it will be the largest building materials capacity of the battery with an oxidation decreased gradually. In general, at room temperature, the lithium-ion batteries to increase the power will decrease by about 20% per year, and over temperature, load survived eating, falling rapidly, has survived. So if you have a notebook cooling relatively poor, so much time at full power at 60 ° C environment lithium battery can lose 40% within three months from the accumulation of power.

 

Here are suggestions for the lithium-to-date:

 

1. Do not use only the electric light rechargeable - lithium do not like being discharged into the finish, so if you often find themselves using the power of the laptop dry, then he changed the helm of the largest battery stars!

2. Do not load to full power over - as I said before, battery chargers and more saturated, the power has fallen even faster, so keep saturation 60 to 80% is the best state. In addition to Panasonic’s pen seems a pity that foreign power, to achieve this is not easy.

3. For each batch of 30 regular and landfill, we have come to use “dry” discharge - Lithium-ion battery itself is not afraid of a short period of time, a small quantity of charge and discharge, but the protection circuit above may be denial of justice at the end now, how much sony VGP-BPS5A battery power there. A major electrical discharge to dry, then charged at full saturation should be able to protect the loop “correction” to return. Many laptops have a software or even when in the BIOS to provide such functionality.

4. Notebook using AC power source, remove the battery down - because the previous building, said the decline in power. Remove the battery down, at least he did not have access to the computer itself, the heat. If the battery has subsequently launched a refrigerator better.

5. The battery when it is closed, leaving about 40% of electricity inside - leaving too many questions will strengthen the capacity reduced, leaving too little may damage the battery. Nansi Hu really ah!

6. To buy the batteries must buy a new - a new battery has full power Oh!

 

Lithium-polymer battery (Li-Pol)

 

Lithium polymer and lithium-ion batteries, as a rule, only part of the polymer electrolyte instead. This makes lithium-polymer batteries can be molded into a variety of forms (for consumers is not a good thing), in line with the demand to be different. Lithium-polymer batteries are also safer than lithium-ion batteries at high temperature, impact, but there is always an overload when the risk of explosion. Other maintenance principles are the same, and lithium-ion battery (therefore prefer to use the mobile phone battery lithium load each day, do not use photo-electric and have dependents).

In the eyes of all, Huizhou Wei Li at 100 million euros Co., Ltd. (100 million energy Li Wei), President and CEO Jin-Cheng Liu is a typical combination of TSA and head capital. Born in 1964, Jin-Sheng Liu has a doctoral degree can be considered the first of the few companies listed on the GEM Ph.D. boss.

 

Huizhou is a paradise for Liu Jin-cheng, the achievements of Jin-Sheng Liu career. It is in Huizhou, LIU Jin-Cheng has also completed its own experts to master the jump.

 

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Wei-Li can be implemented at the Laptop battery beginning 100 million of capital of 300 million Hong Kong dollars to set up nine years after 9 reconstruction, two Equity Transfer, the formation of two shares of capital funds Zhuanzeng the Current shareholding structure at the IPO in 2009, the company Share capital 66 million yuan.

According to the prospectus disclosure firm, this pre-release of Jin-Sheng Liu, and Luo Jin-hong couple held 50% in Huizhou City, 100 million Wei Industrial Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “100 million Wei Industrial “), holds 60.66% stake of the majority shareholder. In addition, LIU Jin-cheng in this pre-release has a direct 4.28% stake, Luo Jin-hong in this pre-release issue has 7.17% directly in the business. The actions of a total of 4.75943 billion shares. 18 yuan per share issue price of its shares held by the corresponding market value of 856.6974 million yuan.

 

In fact, since 2001, when he was Vice-President Jin-Cheng Liu energy Desai will be with IBM ThinkPad X60 battery his wife Jin-Hong Luo how to keep track of their parents, developed by the company, the company has created joint venture with a third may be the predecessor of 100 million Li-Wei - - Huizhou Jin Electronics Co., Ltd..

 

September 22, 2002, Jin reach 100 million name change for industries supplying weft Huizhou Power Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “weft supply 100 million). April 10, 2005, 100 million Frame Power Board adopted a resolution to order the company will own 100 million of its 74% stake in power transfer frame to 100 million industrial Wei. The same day, with 100 million through Wei Industrial Co., have signed a “contract on transfer of equity.”

 

August 6, 2007, Jin-Sheng Liu, and Luo Jin-hong his wife took over the holdings of 100 million Hong Kong Jin Wei provide up to 26% participation. So far, 100 million of power by Jin-Sheng Liu Wei, Luo Jin-hong-owned by married couples.

 

August 21, 2007, operators have already begun to take shape weft supply 100 million vision to attract strategic investors, the company has registered capital of a premium the way for the introduction of strategic investors, making it the Dell Inspiron 1420 battery capital of 12.15 million to 1.482 billion yuan, LIU Jin-cheng and Luo Jin-hong couple also managed to obtain capital from the company before scoring the first jump. Accumulated amounts of capital the company has reached 42.15 million yuan, net Jin-Cheng Liu, and Luo Jin-hong couple initial capital of 12.15 million yuan, the capital appreciation rate 246.91%.

 

Among them, science and technology investment in order to subscribe in cash 10 million yuan of registered capital of 890,000 yuan to the letter the morning of fiscal cash to subscribe for five million yuan registered capital of 440,000 yuan. An individual is also the managers of the company NING Ping subscribe in cash 13 million yuan of registered capital of 1.16 million yuan, Chen Weiqiang 2 million yuan in cash subscribed capital of 180,000 yuan.

 

At this point, Jin-Sheng Liu, and Luo Jin-hong couple pairs of weft supply 100 million contribution 81.98%, external strategic investors holding 18.02 percent.

 

In September 2007, 100 million Wei Li may be made hp PP2182L battery before recording the first round of equity incentives. Among them, LIU Jin-cheng 8.81% stake in the company were transferred to Liu Jianhua, Guo Feng, and 10 other people physically, Luo Jin-hong 1.08% stake in the company were transferred to Dong-Sheng Yu, Jian-Kang Qing 23 individuals, the transfer price is 1 Yuan.

 

In October 2007, 100 million to provide the frame of a Limited changed everything. October 15, 2007, 100 million frame provide all shareholders have signed the “Wei Li Company Limited, Huizhou 100 million sponsorship agreement” took place the same day to the creation of 100 million Li Wei-General Assembly .

 

Wei-Li can be implemented because 100 million of equity incentives held by the company management is also listed on the big gains, nearly half the staff of the equity incentive management will become millionaire or billionaire. If the sony VGP-BPS2 battery Deputy Director General Liu Jianhua company, the company secretaries to the Directorate had clouds float 216.44 million shares, respectively, and 5.41 million shares, according to prices of 18 of Issue cases, the corresponding market value of 38.9592 million yuan, respectively, and 973.8 thousand yuan.

 

Competitors is its own

 

As an expert-type boss, Jin-Sheng Liu Wei-Li 100 million under the direction of the primary lithium battery from China can (especially the lithium thionyl chloride batteries) into a new level. LIU Jin-cheng Pro-Ren “, Guangdong Province, Li-Ion Battery Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, the post of director to head a team of four doctoral and master’s directed several R & D team has won the lithium-R & D and industrialization in the process of the various problems of developing a national initiative to place a coin and other special-type lithium thionyl chloride batteries.

 

Currently, the company, under the sub field in lithium-innovation capacity, product performance and other aspects of the core competitive advantage (310368, funds bar ) that the toshiba PA3534U-1BRS battery scope of this segment of domestic firms to become market leader in China’s largest and the fifth high-energy world primary lithium battery supplier.

 

“The domestic competition is ours.” LIU Jin-cheng said.

 

Company project sponsors Hongta Securities Airlines Yao said business growth is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, external factors, the business major industries upstream and downstream such as smart meters, RFID, automotive electronics and other industries have a clear, fast-growing space; Secondly, in terms of internal factors, the company has a strong ability to innovate, to develop a comprehensive system of intellectual property, and a market already well-founded and status. These key factors which determined the next apple MacBook 13 inch battery few years, be able to maintain good growth.

 

However, compared to manufacturers well known abroad, the company is still relatively small, and because due to the weakness of automation products, consistency and there is a certain gap between the leading manufacturers in the world. Company also may say that its production process is mainly semi-automatic, can not form a complete automation, industrialization and production scale, production scale, product consistency can not fully satisfy the needs of major clients, the international movement. From now on, the company’s products in the United States instrument Intelligent lithium battery market share in Asia is only 3% -5%, the European market share of only 2%.

 

In recent years, despite the internal lithium-battery production manganese and sales scale of growth companies, but the Aspire 3000 battery products are mainly intended for the average of the low end market, intense competition in manufacturing, quality and consistency, production scale, with foreign brands and there is a difference.

 

The data indicate that the current global context, the high-end lithium-manganese battery from the market more than 70% by Japan, Germany, the brand occupied. Among them, SAFT France, Israel TADIRAN combined share of world market of lithium batteries is approximately 80% of Asia’s share of the United States occupy Ultralife lithium 9V lithium manganese Dell D5318 battery manganese and soft-about 90% of market share, Sanyo, Panasonic, Ell, Sony, Germany VARTA high-end companies such as lithium manganese battery market, the main leader. Wei Li from 100 million to its market share of about 3% -5%.

 

In addition, Jin-Sheng Liu laments, sector lithium batteries is a technology intensive industry, industry of the relative scarcity of technical personnel can continue to train professionals, R & D and making international competition upscale, high value added products for corporate sustainability.

 

The four risks can not be ignored

 

Although 100 million of Wei Li could have been a domestic high-energy lithium battery market leader, researcher Guotai Junan Wang Zhen always reminds investors of the Company’s four major risks can not be ignored.

 

First, the project had raised the investment risk. The project investment capital raised is put into production, the company will add lithium production capacity in Asia and 18 million batteries, lithium manganese 22 million. Had raised the offer to increase production capacity more than doubled. In the short term business lithium products are currently the main supplier for the smart metering, etc., if the hp Pavilion dv2000 battery company’s products in downstream adverse changes in market demand, or measures of market development does not receive better implementation, the company may face additional capacity to digest, profitability, lowering the impact on net income risk.

 

Second, technology can not be maintained in the risk of progress. Top rely on technology leadership and reach the international advanced level, the company achieved rapid growth and to maintain continuity and stability of income. Ultimately can not be achieved if the toshiba PA3395U-1BRS battery company continued technological progress, and maintain the advanced international level, indicators of business performance will be back, and cost advantages would be lost, the high value added market is delayed, the company’s competitiveness and profitability would be eroded.

 

Thirdly, the risk of debtors. The last three years, the size of the company’s accounts receivable and sales as the size of cell growth and rapid expansion, due to large claims and small clients and groups and increases the bottom right of the growing demand for smart meters high energy batteries accounts, extended by the period, leading to significant growth in net accounts receivable.

 

Fourthly, the inventory risk. The last three years the apple MacBook Pro 15 inch battery stock size of 44.2621 million yuan from the end of 2006 increased to 2008 to the end of 50.0778 million yuan, a growth rate of 13.14%. In comparison with the main income, the amount of more inventory, but also with seasonal sales. Since the inventory is greater if the company is not able to improve production planning and rational management of inventory management, digest Timely stocks may generate stock price decline hysteresis and pressure stocks, and therefore the company a negative impact on production and management.