Digital battery

BYD sales vice president of the company and spokesman Wang Jun, the BYD car in the field of new energy uses the most advanced battery technologies in iron, causing the vehicle dynamics of technological innovations. Dell Latitude D410 battery  Dell Latitude D500 battery

 

According to Securities Daily reported that January 8, 2009, national policy, driven by an automotive market well. Tax concessions to purchase the car in the country, develop new energy sources, the car companies through mergers and acquisitions have become the keyword 2009 automotive policy. 7, the reporter had an exclusive interview with a company BYD Vice President Marketing and Spokesman Wang Jun, to explain the development of new energy vehicles.

 

Wang Jun said that in early 2009 brought the “energy-saving vehicles and new demonstration of the energy and extension measures the Fund’s financial assistance to interim management,” the State pursuant to purchase of new energy saving rate of vehicles and under the technical level of subsidies, not only to promote new energy industry vehicle development, but also help guide its own brand cars to accelerate the search for new energy & D and innovation, promote new technologies, upgrading motor vehicle fuel. BYD This is a good opportunity for development and further enhanced the development of new energy vehicles in the determination and confidence. BYD will launch more models of DM models followed, including the F6 [Review Forum Photo] DM F0 [Review Forum Photo] DM and so on, after the introduction of pure electric vehicles will be. IBM ThinkPad T60 battery  IBM ThinkPad R40 battery

 

Currently, BYD F3DM [Review Forum Photo] has selected the first batch of countries, “energy saving and new energy vehicles recommended models engineering model application directory” is the only brand to choose the class of car. In agreement with the Ministry of Finance released a new energy regime of the vehicle grant, each BYD F3DM have the opportunity to earn up to 5 million of financial aid.

 

Wang Jun said that currently, the domestic automakers are pursuing research and development of new energy models, because the new energy vehicles, it is the inevitable trend of future development of the car, which will be an ever-fiercer competition. BYD has emphasized technology is king, innovation-based development concept, BYD hopes, through their own efforts to this community a better, healthier, and I think the field of new energy vehicles BYD can count on their own R & D and technology absolute advantage to gain the competitive position, create a better environment for the community, and create a green and healthy future.

 

He stressed that even if the comparison of energy vehicles, high-tech new General Motors, Toyota is concerned, there are three advantages of BYD, and first, BYD F3DM double the vehicle’s electric mileage reached 100 kilometers, d Secondly, there BYD F3DM very dynamic. 100 kilometers acceleration BYD F3DM is 10 seconds, the third car F3DM plug-in charger that PP2182D PP2182L can be achieved, 220V household can be billed. And F3DM Toyota, GM earlier than in the commercialization of the end of 2008 was in the market.

 

In addition, the BYD based on their industrial experience, and strong vertical integration is also a big advantage, able to BYD batteries, electric motor technology is to combine effectively to achieve commercial operations of electric vehicles. Meanwhile, the DM-BYD dual-mode electric vehicles has also beaten by the prosecution repeated household plug-in both technical difficulties and to ensure safety and durability.

 

Wang Jun said that the conventional fuel vehicles, electric cars F3DM BYD dual-mode has two particular advantages include: VGP-BPS9 VGP-BPL8

 

Superior performance dynamic F3DM carrying BYD371QA aluminum engine, dual-mode electric drive system of the vehicle dramatically improves engine power and torque, vehicle F3DM BYD dual-mode electric power reached up to 125KW, or equivalent of 3.0 L superior performance of engine, the pilot will be happy while driving. In addition, in the initial phase, cars double electric BYD F3DM superior transient acceleration, exceeding by far the 3.0L engine class can achieve.

 

The use of low cost: in terms of fuel economy, F3DM dual-mode electric car 100 miles of pure electric mode consumes only 16 degrees, electricity by 0.6 yuan / kWh, the train speed 100km spend about 9.6 yuan. DM BYD dual-supply system mode uses the latest engine, the engine makes the system in all operating conditions of the lowest fuel consumption under 250g/kwh. And the survey shows that linked more than 90% of the car is not more than 100 kilometers per day, which means that the use of DM BYD dual-mode electric vehicles, most people do s’ not approaching disturbance of high oil prices. PA3285U-1BRS  PA3285U-2BRS

Because the cost of electricity is only the use of oil 1 / 4, for consumers, it’s probably an economic choice absolute.

 

BYD in the field of new energy vehicles using the most advanced technologies of iron batteries, causing the vehicle dynamics of technological innovations. Car battery power is difficult to “high security” and “low cost”, “Long Life”, “green”, “complex” and five other requirements. The BYD’s “iron battery” in these five indicators were made breakthrough.

 

F3DM dual-mode electric vehicle equipped with DM is the first hybrid to hybrid systems. DM stands for dual-mode. DM dual mode electric vehicle using systems of electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid power systems (HEV). Is a way to control the engine and engine power to combine two types of advanced hybrid technology not only reduces fuel consumption and emissions, but also greatly improves the performance of power and control, were able to load, but also a variety of additional fuel energy route to achieving a true sense of the double hybrid power systems. A1175 A1185

 

Whether it is the intention of returning to action. Wang Jun said BYD in July 2009 issued a public notice in a clear BYD is based on processes carried out in accordance with relevant laws and regulations China Securities Regulatory Commission to declare, before the relevant approval, expected to go to market in Shenzhen , issuing more than 100 million shares of A-shares, the proceeds will be used for the allocation of lithium-ion battery production, research and development of the automobile, to develop products of the automobiles and automotive components and the project of solar cells. BYD to believe that the company A shares will create a new financing structure and allow companies to expand markets for different values, thus ensuring the company to enhance business development and further improve our competitiveness.

 

BYD Auto full year 2009 sales break 450,000, exceeding the planned target of 400,000, an increase of 162% over one year, while achieving sales growth of 100 percent for six consecutive years. BATBL50L6 LCBTP03003

 

From 2009, the market performance, the Meritorious F3 car for sale a pause continues 30000, becoming the only Chinese car market, members of “30000″ club; F6 version of the new wealth, the monthly sales of more 6000; the high-end boutique F0 car over 10000 sales, becoming a new generation of mini-car king; new intermediate objects shop Jiajiao G3 [Review forum photo], but as capacity increases, the market potential the liberation of others, the impact on sales of 10,000. The above models are also expected to continue robust growth in 2010 to achieve the market BYD to contribute.

 

production and marketing plans, and we strive to achieve 100 per cent jump in growth. To support that, L3, I6, G6, S6, M6 and 5 others will be loaded target of 170,000 new car sales, and even for the dealer to provide a strong car. BYD first M6 upscale as a full size MPV, Wen Qi opens with the economic opportunity on the best network marketing as a whole; L3 has already boarded the last batch of national automobile directory, it will be a BYD on other high-end midsize car, the new G6, S6, I6 and other premium products will be unveiled in 2010. VGP-BPS2 VGP-BPS2A

With the popularity of digital cameras, rechargeable batteries have been in the daily lives of citizens, can be seen everywhere as one of the essential daily needs. The new curriculum standards in high school physics elective module 2-1 explicitly require that students “know the power of the emf and internal resistance. But also “discuss the lithium Laptop battery, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries of the main characteristics and application of the respective occasion. In this paper, these three types of ordinary rechargeable batteries for a short introduction.

 

1, the main parameters of rechargeable batteries

The rechargeable battery of five main parameters: the battery capacity, rated voltage, internal resistance, the termination voltage and discharge voltage for charge termination. Battery inside the battery capacity of many decisions of active substances, usually milliamps (mAh) said, 1 000 mAh is capable of 1 A discharge current 1 h, converted to the charge contained in the amount of about 3 600 C. The battery positive and negative electrical potential difference between the nominal voltage of the battery. Rated voltage of electrode materials, electrode potential and electrolyte concentration of the internal decision. When the ambient temperature variation condition, a slight change in the output voltage of the battery; In addition, the battery voltage output and the battery charge remaining there some relationship between the amount of. Nickel Under normal circumstances, cell-cadmium batteries rated voltage of 1.3 V (usually seen around 1.25 V), cell Ni-MH battery 1.25 V, cell lithium-ion battery 3.6 V. The IBM FRU 92P1141 battery internal resistance of the resistance of the plate and the impedance of ion flow from the decision in the discharge process loads, the plate resistance is unchanged, but resistance to the flow of ions is responsible the concentration of electrolytes and changes in the ion change. In general, cell nickel cadmium battery internal resistance for the 7 ~ 19 mW, cell nickel-metal hydride battery internal resistance of 18 ~ 35 mW, lithium-ion battery cell internal resistance of 80 ~ 100 mW.

 

Rechargeable battery is fully charged, the most active substances board has reached the saturation point, then continue to charge the battery voltage does not increase the voltage currently known voltage charge termination. Cell-nickel-cadmium battery charge termination voltage of 1.75 ~ 1.8 V Ni-MH battery 1.5 V lithium-ion battery 4.2 V. Termination voltage discharge is the minimum allowable battery voltage discharge. If the voltage is below the battery voltage discharge termination of the discharge, the battery voltage decreased rapidly at both ends to form a depth of discharge, so that the resultant formation of a council where he is not easy in the resume normal load, thus affecting the battery life. Ceasing discharge voltage and flow, speaking generally, the cell nickel-cadmium battery discharge voltage termination of 1.1V, Ni-MH battery for 1 V, lithium-ion battery 2.7V

 

2, nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd)

Nickel material of the cathode cadmium Dell Latitude D410 battery nickel hydroxide and the mixture of graphite powder, the negative electrode material for sponge powder and cadmium oxide powder of cadmium, the electrolyte is usually sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide. It should be noted that nickel-cadmium batteries before charging, the battery is composed of water, the reaction occurred in the positive and negative plate has a precipitation of oxygen and hydrogen. Bubbles gathered at the plate surface of the plate will reduce the surface involved in chemical reactions and increase the resistance of the internal battery. These gases, if not rapidly compounds in water, the pressure inside the battery would be increased considerably, which would damage the battery, the pressure is too large, sealed batteries will open porosity, so the oven electrolyte, but he repeated the release stomatal gas furnace, the viscous nature of the electrolyte increase the transmission of ions between the plates becomes difficult, the internal resistance of the battery will increase dramatically reduce battery capacity.

 

Nickel-cadmium hp PP2182D battery process, if not all power has begun to charge over, the next, and then discharge, you can not release the total amount of money. For example, battery-nickel-cadmium is only 80% of the fee paid after after the start of the load is fully charged, the battery can only release 80% of home electricity, a phenomenon called “memory effect”. The main discharge appeared in some off camera is set too high, the battery is completely discharged each time the equipment is automatically closed, and if the battery will be serious long term “memory effect” may be more more capacity for less electricity. “Memory effect” is mainly due to the drum part of the discharge, the nickel hydroxide is not completely in the nickel hydroxide and nickel hydroxide remaining will be combined to form larger crystals, larger crystals generally difficult to restore, which causes the reduction of active substances inside the battery.

 

Nickel-cadmium batteries were first used in mobile phones, laptops, and other types of batteries, it is resistant to over capacity and discharge, and easy maintenance. But compared to nickel-hydride batteries, metal and lithium-ion batteries in terms of there are many disadvantages, such as loading and unloading process if not handled properly, there will be serious “memory effect”, greatly reducing the lifespan; Cadmium is toxic, and therefore nickel-cadmium VGP-BPS9A/B battery is not conducive to eco-environmental protection. Many gaps, nickel-cadmium batteries are now largely been eliminated from the scope of digital cameras.

 

3 nickel-hydride batteries, metal (Ni-H)

Ni-MH battery capacity nickel-cadmium batteries large, usually about twice as its main component of the nickel hydroxide positive electrode material negative alloy mainly pollution, dust free, the electrolyte is 30% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution. Reaction of nickel-hydride batteries, metal and nickel-cadmium batteries is similar to overcharging, the precipitation plate positive oxygen precipitation plate negative hydrogen. However, due to large surface of the catalyst of the hydrogen electrode, hydrogen can easily be extended to the hydrogen electrode surface, hydrogen and oxygen may be relatively easy to fit into the battery and combine to form water, so that the gas pressure inside the container essentially unchanged. Even so, long after the overcharge, the battery inside the pressure is too high, it may explode.

 

Ni-MH battery also has the effect of memory, but relatively low in nickel-cadmium batteries. Ni-MH batteries or nickel-cadmium battery memory effect can generally be put through several depth charges for the relief depth. Deep-discharge toshiba PA3191U-4BRS battery is usually necessary to put in the termination voltage is down to a single cell is usually below 1 V, but not too low, otherwise permanent damage will result in greater. Better not use the equipment for in-depth self-discharge, in particular, is a wire and a small bulb connected to the battery positive and negative measures of repression are more desirable because it can not control blood discharge, the voltage is too low will seriously damage the battery. Recommended with a function of discharge and protective equipment against overload charge to make deep and deep discharge.

 

Ni-MH battery internal resistance is low, high discharge current, discharge voltage changed very little, and easy to recycle batteries, damage to the environment are minimal, its costs and low prices, as the ‘DC power supply is a battery of very high quality. Ni-MH batteries can be used to create the column of rechargeable batteries, clocks, electronic games, digital cameras, video cameras, and some laptops have applied.

 

4 Li-ion battery (Li)

Li-ion battery is divided into two broad categories: non-rechargeable and rechargeable. Non-rechargeable batteries called disposable, it can be only one time chemical energy into electrical energy, electrical energy can be restored to chemical energy such as lithium-manganese dioxide. Known as the secondary rechargeable batteries, which is commonly known as lithium-ion apple A1061 battery (Li-Ion). The cathode is a lithium-ion batteries containing lithium transition cathode metal oxide is a carbon material such as graphite, the electrolyte is a lithium salt-containing organic solution. Cells both positive and negative or in the battery separator, the lithium-ion form are based there. The battery work, the lithium ions in the positive and negative electrodes and an electrolyte membrane in directional movement. When the battery is charging, the cathode to the electrolyte release Lithium-ion, this process is de-embedded; anode electrolyte in lithium-ion inhalation, this process is integrated. The process of discharging the battery and the situation at hand, such a charge and discharge when the lithium-ion intercalation and de-embedded process, as if the same rocking chair rocking, it was said that the image of lithium-ion batteries for “rocking chair batteries.

 

Lithium-ion batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries in comparison, there are many advantages. Lithium-ion battery memory effect did not exist, the same capacity, the size is very small, using a voltage of 3.6 V, is a nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydride batteries in three metal time and can be used in a wide range of temperatures (-20 ℃ ~ 60 ℃), cupcake machine, while nickel-metal hydride battery (0 ℃ ~ 50 ℃). At the same time lithium-ion TravelMate 290 battery self-discharge rate is relatively low. Self-discharge rate is defined as a period of time, the battery is not used in the circumstances, an automatic loss of electricity for the percentage of total capacity. Generally, at room temperature, nickel-cadmium batteries self-discharge rate of 13% per month, 15%, Ni-MH battery for a month 25% ~ 35%, while the lithium-ion battery is only 5 % ~ 8% per month.

 

But lithium-ion batteries are also some areas unsatisfactory. Such as: lithium-ion batteries have life, usually for two years and do not use the state is stored for some time, some of its capacity would be permanently lost. Lithium-ion battery anode and cathode material from a plant has already begun its failure in history, different temperatures and state of battery charge saturation, the impact is different from data in Table 1 (capacity accounts for the remaining percentage of the initial capacity) of the column.

 

Thus, the higher the storage temperature and charge the battery more saturated more severe loss of capacity. So I do not recommend long-term preservation Lithium Ion battery, if there are idle hands of the battery and the storage time should not exceed 40% charge level, temperature, preferably less than 15 ℃ or less. The nickel-hydride VGP-BPS10 batteries, metal and nickel-cadmium batteries are almost not subject to aging effects of long-term storage of nickel-based charge batteries for deep discharge after a few deep can be restored to its capacity of origin. But the charge deep deep discharge can not be restored the ability of lithium-ion batteries and cause permanent damage to the positive and negative electrodes. Since the molecular level, the excessive discharge of carbon anode will lead to excessive release of lithium-ion batteries, while showing the lamellar structure collapsed, an overload of the lithium-ion battery will go too hard in the structure carbon negative, while making some of the lithium-ion batteries can not be released.

 

Lithium at the same time, battery charge and ion time of discharge only 400 to 600 times, specially modified products, but many times 800. The number of nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries generally able to reach more than 700 times, some good quality office products and output up to 1 200 times.

 

Because of the many advantages of lithium-ion battery is still optimistic about its potential applications, mainly in digital cameras, camcorders, mobile phones, PDAs, laptops that use power. Lithium-ion batteries currently in the hot area of research should be used in vehicles, electricity and gasoline and used motor vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles. Same time, people also develop a real sense of the solid state lithium batteries, lithium-ion battery completely eliminate the organic liquid, as well as safe and reliable lithium batteries.