Digital battery

In recent years, with new lithium-ion secondary battery in top sports energy, environmental protection, security and other lithium breakthrough technology industrialization of electric vehicles entered an important phase of development. August 25, 2006 Lithium power ion battery technology and industrial development of the international forum held in Beijing, Zheng Ji-chun, deputy director of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Committee briefed the participants on electric vehicles in Beijing and lithium-industry developments ion battery. hp Pavilion dv2000 battery  hp Pavilion dv6000 battery

 

Development of electric vehicles is required

 

Zheng Ji-chun said that in addition to global energy crisis, the background, development of electric vehicles in Beijing there are two main reasons, namely, the requirements of environmental protection and the Olympic requirements.

 

According to statistics, from the end of June this year in Beijing reached 2.73 million motor vehicles to maintain, primarily in China, with an annual growth rate of about 15% is expected of By the end of this year will exceed 3 million euros. With the amount of car ownership has increased year by year, commuting from his people very practical at the same time, has also caused environmental pollution, noise, oil tight and so on. According to the experimental units, each fuel vehicles daily gases emitted about 0.6 ~ 0.9 kilograms, the atmosphere in Beijing more than 70% of oil, over 60% of nitrogen oxides from exhaust from cars, direct discharges of pollutants from car the total concentration of the contribution rate has shown an upward trend. Compared with foreign countries, emissions from motor vehicles in China caused by air pollution is much higher than the United States, Japan, France, automobile exhaust has become the capital of main sources of air pollution. Dell Inspiron 1150 battery  Dell Inspiron 1300 battery

 

In addition, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, according to his previous experience in successfully hosting the Olympic and pure electric vehicles have become the host city for the Olympics earlier promotional theme of Green Olympics. In 1996, the United States Olympic Games in Atlanta, has invested more than 250 vehicles from golf carts electric and 15 electric buses in the fleet composition of the green, the Sydney 2000 Olympics, has invested $ 400 pure electric vehicles by the composition of the fleet green 2004 Athens Olympic Games in South Korea Hyundai offers a number of vehicles, pure electric vehicles for the marathon and marathon relay of the torch lead car. Solemn commitment of the Beijing Olympics would be “tight control of exhaust gas from vehicles and other sources of emissions of pollutants and the urban daily average concentration of major pollutants to ensure that weather conditions over unfavorable to achieving the standards of air quality required by the International Olympic Committee.”

 

Zheng Ji-chun said, according to these reasons, Beijing has the responsibility and the need to develop electric vehicles is a difficult and urgent.  IBM ThinkPad X60 battery FRU 92P1141

 

Pure electric vehicles will be used for Beijing Olympics

 

According to Zheng Ji-chun erected the development of Beijing Electric Vehicle fundamental objective is to reduce automobile pollution, adjust and improve the structure of energy consumption and to achieve urban economic development, social and environmental development. To this end, the development of Beijing electric vehicles throughout the deployment of a three-pronged: First, select the bus to promote the use of electric vehicles as the main areas, the second is to promote research electric vehicles, development and industrialization, third battery of active power, etc. advanced technology vehicle research and development.

 

Use of electric vehicles in the Olympic Games, Beijing has also made a corresponding development plan: First, 90% buses and all municipal regulations (environmental and postal) car for the electric vehicle, the second is research and development of pure electric vehicles to improve traffic pollution, three Olympic Park with a zero emission vehicles and ultra-low emission vehicle. VGP-BPS8B VGP-BPS9

 

Zheng Ji-chun said, according to the presentation of preliminary ideas for pure electric vehicles as the representative of the zero-emission and ultra-low emission vehicle, it will direct the Beijing Olympics, applied to the major bus lines , focusing on regional and sports centers. To this end, Beijing attaches great importance to electric vehicles in recent years, research, development and promotion application. It is understood that, “15″ period, Beijing took the 863 “national” plan major projects in pure electric vehicles, electric buses and bus research and fuel cell development tasks, and became the National Science and Technology has established four model cities in the world of electric vehicles. Science and Technology Commission of Beijing Olympics is also used in the development and application of electric vehicles, one after another in this area, science and technology funds invested around 2 billion euros, thanks a series of major scientific and technological projects and scientific and technological projects carried out much work, research and development, manufacture, application to promote the three links in the detail and meticulous deployment. PA3285U-3BRS PA3383U-1BRS

 

According to reports, the search for electric vehicles and development process, Beijing has made a series of technical achievements with the rights of independent intellectual property, access to more than 20 patents, developing technical specifications and standards of undertaking of 22 items related companies have independent intellectual property rights produced electric vehicle capabilities, and Beijing R & D of electric vehicles has almost reached the practical level. A number of lines through a model for nearly a year to run the Beijing developed independently of the overall performance of the electric passenger car pure principle has been found practical electric vehicles and key components of the reliability and applicability of the problem was basically solved, the mileage intervals were failure to reach the level of conventional engines, internal combustion, can basically meet the bus and use requirements during the Olympic Games.

 

Lithium battery car problem solving Olympics

 

Electric vehicles are crucial cycle of battery life, safety, cost and application problems efficiently. Electric vehicles in Beijing in the development and commercialization process has also been confronted with these obstacles, the battery technology for power, performance and cost constraints become an issue of wide application of commercial electric vehicles of the neck strangulation.

 

According to Zheng Ji-chun, at present, Beijing, developed mainly in the location of production of electric vehicles, lead to greater capacity, battery acid and lithium-ion batteries as power, fuel cell technology fuel is still at the track and the stage of research. With the trial operation in a number of bus routes and found that the use of lead acid batteries for electric vehicle driving range is shorter lifespan is short. In addition, lead acid batteries, there are still bulky, not environmental protection and other shortcomings. And compared with lead acid batteries, lithium-ion battery is a high energy density, high operating voltage of the green cells is considered to power future electric vehicle battery, one of the best choices, but the high cost of investment of time. It is understood that an electrical bus with 400-an-hour lithium-price ion battery to hundreds of thousands of dollars to reduce the cost of lithium-ion battery is an important element of future research.

 

Beijing attaches great importance to the lithium-ion battery and key material for research and industrialization. It is understood that, “15″ period around the lithium-ion battery research and development and implementation of the Science of Beijing Municipality and Technology Commission has invested more than 4000 million science and funds technology, organization and implementation of lithium, the material of the lithium ion battery cathode of manganese oxide from industrial technological development “,” pure electric vehicle lithium-industrialization of ion battery research and development ” and a significant number of scientific and technological projects, support the cathode material, the diaphragm and other essential materials to a series of lithium-cell research ion. Thanks to scientific research and technological research on key technologies and development of lithium-ion battery Beijing and key materials for the industry has made a breakthrough. Current cathode materials have been developed with intellectual property rights independent of the lithium-ion batteries key information necessary for the synthesis of manganese oxide lithium technology to solve an international structure of lithium manganese spinel oxide the synthesis of key technical problems and the lithium manganese oxide charge and discharge cycle stability of the world with problems of poor technique, and has made lithium oxide and lithium manganese oxide industrialization cobalt material.

 

However, Zheng Ji-chun also emphasized that lithium current China-materials separator ion A1060 M8403 battery necessary to rely solely on imports, prices cost high-powered battery separator materials represent over 30%. If the membrane material to enable location will significantly reduce the cost of battery power. For example, the Olympic 400 with an electric car when the lithium-ion battery, divide the cost accounted for 16 million yuan, if the membrane to allow localization costs will save half of the membrane. Currently, a number of units are organized scientific research, and some have already entered the pilot phase.

Li-maintenance errors ion battery doubts

 

Notebook battery is something more important, its status is directly linked to a mobile environment in the absence of power in the ability to work. Batteries for laptops is also a major consumer of parts so related to the maintenance notebook battery and wise use are also frequently discussed topic. However, some users maintain some of the understanding is wrong, the following should do something to explain. apple iBook G4 12 inch battery  apple iBook G4 14 inch battery

 

Nickel-metal hydride batteries are now equipped models have basically will not see, the universal application of a lithium-ion batteries. General lithium-ion battery cycle life of 300 to 500 charge-discharge. But this does not mean it can only rarely use the extended life battery. Cells of origin as factors in the physical work environment can influence, but the main reason leading to the loss of cells caused by oxidation of the battery internal resistance increases, which explains why Many users complain that they are fully recharged in use why suddenly had no electricity. It may therefore be understood that the problem is that when the end of the assembly of the battery production line, its internal life, the clock, then start walking, even if you do not set aside the battery, it can be to a certain extent, the loss rate of only delaying the battery. However, in other words, if the battery still sits on the side of the meaning of laptops mobile speak?

 

Material for lithium-ion battery cathode is generally formed by a lithium-active compounds, the negative electrode is a particular molecular structure of carbon. Common Cathode Material for key elements of LiCoO2, charging, added to the PA3285U-3BRS PA3383U-1BRS battery positive pole of electric potential to force the release of compounds, the lithium ions, incorporate negative elements arranged in a lamellar structure of carbon. Discharge, lithium-ion lamellar structure of carbon precipitation and re-cathode combination of compounds. Lithium-ion movement generated a current. Although the principle of chemical reaction is very simple, but in actual industrial production, the practical problems must be considered much more: the cathode material additives required to maintain multiple load-discharge activity, the electrode material If not, who should design the molecular structure of the class to accommodate more lithium-ion battery; fill in the electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes, in addition to maintaining stability, but also need to have good electrical conductivity, reducing the resistance of the internal battery.

 

Although lithium-ion batteries for low-nickel cadmium battery memory effect, the memory effect of this principle is that the crystallization in lithium batteries will have little reaction. However, the capacity of lithium-ion battery charge after repeated discharge will continue to decline, its causes are complex and diverse. Is mainly positive and negative changes in the material itself, from the molecular level, the positive and negative electrodes of lithium ions on the hole to accommodate the structure will gradually collapse, taken from a chemical standpoint, is the material anode active is passive, there is another side to form a stable compound. Physics will appear on the cathode material to fall off gradually, etc., in short, which ultimately reduces the 346970-001 367759-001 battery charge-discharge process can be free to move many lithium ions.

 

Overload and excessive discharge, lithium-ion batteries will be positive and negative cause permanent damage, from the molecular level of intuitive understanding, an excessive discharge of carbon anode will lead to excessive release of lithium-ion shows the lamellar structure collapsed, over - Rechargeable lithium-ion battery will go too hard in the carbon negative, causing some of the lithium-ion batteries can not be released. Therefore, the lithium-ion batteries are usually equipped with charge-control circuit discharge.

 

Not suitable for temperature, lead to lithium-ion battery inside the reaction of other chemicals that we do not want to see both of the lithium-ion batteries are put in place between the negative temperature-controlled protection by a diaphragm or electrolyte additives. In the battery temperature in a given case, the composite membrane electrolyte membrane hole closed or degeneration, increased resistance of the internal battery until the circuit, the battery is no longer to warm up to ensure that the battery charging temperature is normal. Dell Inspiron 1521 battery  Dell Inspiron 1525 battery

 

And loads of deep-discharge lithium-ion batteries can improve the real capacity? According to experts, the answer he did not make sense. Experts say that even the so-called triple full charge-discharge prior to use of “activation” in their knowledge of Mr. Lane does not include this as a need. Why do people provided, however, after the charge deep-discharge capacity of the battery information label will be possible where a change? Will be mentioned later.

 

Notebook Computer lithium-ion batteries are generally the management of the chip and chip load control. What chip running a series of records, there is capacity, temperature, identity, charge state, the values of firing rate. These values are in use will gradually change. Personally believe that the instructions for use in notebooks in the “Use a month should post a full load” approach to a role is now to set those records where the wrong values, making the burden of Battery control and the nominal capacity of the battery match the real situation.

 

Responsible for controlling the main control chip, the battery charging process. Lithium-ion battery charging process is divided into two phases, phase constant current fast charge (when the LED on the battery in yellow) and constant voltage stage down (the battery indicator blinks green. Constant current phase of rapid charging, the battery voltage is gradually increased voltage standard battery, and then transferred to constant pressure in the control phase of the next chip, the voltage does not increase to ensure that no overload, battery current, with the rising gradually weakened to 0, and the ultimate end load. IBM ThinkPad T41 battery  IBM ThinkPad T42 battery

 

Statistics smart energy consumption by recording the discharge curve (voltage, current, time) can calculate the battery power of the sample is what we read in the battery information inside World Heritage. Worth. The lithium-ion batteries in repeated use, the discharge curve will change if the chip has not been an opportunity once again read out a complete discharge curve, which is calculated from the electricity that is not true. Therefore, the need to support deep discharge to calibrate the battery chips.

 

A good battery maintenance is required, so many people have asked how to protect a battery but it will not be early retirement for life on this problem. As the battery life is primarily determined by the number of charge cycles in order to avoid frequent use of the battery can be said that one of the most fundamental way, that uses the power of the environment as far as possible does not use batteries.

 

This leads to a question, that is, if energy use when the battery removed from the machine, it is indeed a problem that people in the head. However, the condition of high load and high temperature accelerated the decline in battery capacity. I now invite all imagine that if you do not remove the battery, the laptop because of the role of the charging protection circuit, so that the battery is maintained at 95-100% of the charge state to a high when the battery in which the temperature at least 30 ° C, so if it is hot, the temperature will be higher, so the stability of the supply alternating current, we should try to remove the battery to the using computers. If you are planning a long period does not use batteries, charge the battery to 40% should be placed in a cool place after the save. If the battery is fully charged, will be placed at high temperatures, so that the battery will cause damage. Because load of 100% within 60 ° C environmental conservation, 3 months after the battery capacity has dropped by 40%. Set aside for the preservation of the battery should be at least one month will be used once the battery Zhuangshang Qu, recharged to prevent the loss of activity of the ion. LCBTP03003  Aspire 3000 battery

 

Similarly, dust and moisture also acts as a battery killer role, they will destroy the circuit of the battery and accelerate the oxidation of the internal battery, so for those of long-term preservation of the battery You can place a layer of thin sheets of low-grade dust and breach of the humidity.

 

In addition, lithium batteries how reasonable prices and dump? As lithium-ion battery that can power a small memory effect is negligible, so it loads half of the injury is not too great, and his fear most is the excessive discharge (full discharge). Lithium-ion batteries often the result of low flow excessive battery can be left in advance, such as bios discharge, discharge procedures, and even connected to the discharge bulb is the best way to do see no alternative but to not try. So, for lithium-ion batteries need not wait until the charging 0%.

 

To summarize, the maintenance of the battery are a few suggestions:

 

1. No need to ensure that whenever a new full release END electric charge;

 

2. A period of time to make a protection circuit placed under the control of the profound power of the battery charge to change the statistics, but it will not increase the actual capacity of the battery;

 

3. A long time without the battery must be placed in the shade to weaken its internal autonomy, the reaction rate passivation;

 

4. Protection circuit is also capable of monitoring battery discharge, in the long term without the battery must be charged to a certain degree of power to prevent self-discharge of batteries for storage in the discharge of excessive lead to excessive damage to the battery.

 

In fact, there is not much to take into account the use of the battery of attention, in other words, is the need did not have much effect. The number of times a cell can use the differences are mainly coming from the battery itself, the making of individual differences rather than use. Choose a reputable brand of notebook PCs is the use of long battery life in the only future of the security.

Toshiba has been engaged in developing portable fuel batteries, although in a few months before the products of trial exposure open, but they have still not been put into production. Not long ago, Toshiba has finally made the decision to the fuel PA3383U-1BRS battery market. Stacks of security as the most important uses a large quantity of stainless steel and aluminum and other metal parts. This document will include fuel batteries and development of portable products, technical advice, analysis of new products.

 

“People see a single list itself” (portable personal technology products). Toshiba by the end of October 2009 announcement of the 3000 limited edition battery phones fuel “Dynario. Crisis on the market for fuel battery, phones and staff the fuel battery technology are issued with wonder and gratitude for the vote.

 

After the introduction of the battery, a number of developers of fuel batteries immediately resumed multi-block and carry out audit work. Words such as “From the entrance of moisture is constant and smell the methanol fuel and so on, can feel a high degree of completion of the battery,” “Even if only the measuring the temperature of bath water, but heat is still a cause for concern, “and so on, all kinds of reactions are very rapid after another. We also bought a PA3395U-1BRS battery newly listed fuel and to analyze characteristic. And Toshiba, with help from the public an internal component.

 

In fact, more than 30,000 yen?

 

Dynario is a fuel battery direct methanol (DMFC). Able to use the terminal as a portable USB charger. With the built-in lithium-ion rechargeable battery set, the maximum power of 2W (5V, 400mA). The batteries can be injected in 14ml of methanol. Use of fuel “may be portable so full of 2″ (Toshiba). We use 1W power consumption of LED lights to confirm the results show that sustainable power generation to 11 hours or so, one in the new generation can be estimated at about 11Wh.

 

Fuel battery from Toshiba can be recharged via USB for portable products. The fuel use of 50 mL bottle filled with fuel. Dynario sells ¥ 29,800 including tax. As a battery charger external point of view, the price dearly. Toshiba said that “the price is higher because the specialized multi-component system leads to the high costs, while the actual removal process, it is surprising to many parts was beyond the imagination (Figure 2). This is due to the PA3399U-1BAS battery by adding a large number of ultra-small pumps and valves, MCU (microcontroller) and IC control, control of speech and if the circuit Outside the components of fuel batteries. In addition, starting on the outside metal and reinforcement of the shell composition is also too high. Most Portable and industrial fuel batteries, the developer, said: “Given the account component and manufacturing costs, ¥ 30,000 is really not enough.” There are two units of energy, fit two sides. In addition to generating part of the NMR systems, generation of control components and parts used to ensure robustness as much attention.

 

Fuel cock laboriously

 

Dynario the basic elements - both inside and outside the central part of the shell to configure a unit of electricity. In addition, the center speaker is also equipped with Sanyo Electric produces cylinder-type lithium ion rechargeable batteries and two to install the power switch and input terminals and output to control floor. The fuel tanks are deployed in the central reservoir side of the surface of the battery and back with aluminum (Al) alloy casing, the upper and lower exterior of the resin. “As one of the first volume of products, they attach great importance to the longevity and strength, a large number of metal parts used (PA3399U-1BRS battery industry Fuel). Power production unit is placed in the grid electricity type plate and stainless steel plate as a fuel tank between the resin. Stainless steel plate with the fuel is the result of rivets fixed so I can break no, you can not remove the plant. Lattice-shaped stainless steel plate next to an entry device for generating electricity, fuel supply side of the board set up power generation and supply Fuel control the fuel pump ground fuel valve. Control floor installed on the fuel pump and fuel control valves, and 8bit MCU and other IC.

 

Generating unit installed on pumps and fuel valves and other components with the corresponding control IC. Most IC is designed for the development of fuel batteries.

 

Generation unit is equipped with eye-catching is that the fuel valve and fuel pump (Figure 4). Since both mechanical drive, making it more energy efficient, ensuring sustainability issues. In addition, the portable fuel PA3399U-2BAS battery requirements for the smallest and thinnest high, so according to conventional wisdom, this part is the penalty “(personal fuel battery technology). Methanol from the fuel tank in plate fuel, the use of pumps to supply the entire MEA (a). The amount of methanol injection tank of fuel can be used to adjust the fuel valve (b). Vibrating piezoelectric element can change the pump pressure, injection / discharge of fuel (c).

  

Toshiba, the design of the fuel valve also takes great care. In comparison with other components, valve projecting fuel approximately 6mm. Compared to the fuel pump and control the installation of floor and other parts of the whole thin, it seems that only the fuel valve may not have time to develop products with low profile. Therefore, the position of the fuel distributor installation with the Center are also shifted by two power units contrast adjustment, while the reduced thickness of the battery. Power production unit consists of four devices into a single chip set consisting of the MEA. MEA area of approximately 40cm2. As there are two units of energy, so the output density is estimated at around 25mW/cm2.

 

In addition, the fuel pump using the PA3399U-2BRS products Murata Manufacturing. His use of a piezoelectric element, thin size to 24mm × 33mm × 1.325mm. Output rate 0.001mL / s, discharge pressure of 35kPa. To supply fuel for power generation and methanol through the fuel valve and the first supply of fuel entering the injection plate. Then, with the fuel pump to make two small holes in the center plate diffuses across the device.

 

The density of production of about 25mW/cm2

 

Power production unit from the outer dimension of 81mm × 52mm MEA (membrane electrode composite body) and body composition collector. MEA unit using four 81mm x 9mm. Think that the unity of the electromotive force of each piece is approximately 0.3 V, 1 Ge voltage generated by the power units to just over 1V. After generating unit control with step-up circuit on the raised floor to 5V or so. Pro forma density unit of output, only about 25mW/cm2. It was also suggested that “the problem may be heat-density limit output to such a degree “(a personal fuel battery technology). Regarding the solid polymer membrane, called” now under development are two types of fluorinated hydrocarbons and (Toshiba), this product is used which is unclear. But the majority opinion that “the possibility of greater use of fluoride” (a number of staff to fuel battery technology).

 

The direct use of experimental floor

 

Is located in the lower part of the power switch the PA3421U-1BRS battery terminals and input and output have been installed in the control on the floor. Dynario equipped with lithium-ion rechargeable battery. Its role is to control circuits for the units of electricity to power and the unit production of electricity from the start-up power smoothly before the burden of supplying electricity. Power switch part and the part of the control input and output separate floor. Backplane with two connectors connected. Power switch on the bottom to receive electric power generation interface unit (a). Backplane on the input terminals and output are connected lithium-ion rechargeable battery interface (b). Control of Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries and units of electricity seems to be controlling the power switch integrated flash on the floor 8bit MCU. The MCU can be rewritten, a large number of test pads on the chassis of speculation, including the control unit of power, including low, the product may be directly followed the experimental floor (fuel Staff batteryular technology).

 

In addition, the power switch on the bottom also installed 2 Mbit / s flash memory is considered to be used to save time loading and temperature changes. Lithium-ion rechargeable battery and control input connections and output terminals of motherboards for the bottom to provide a driver circuit units of electricity. As Dynario is the first volume of portable fuel batteries, Toshiba strongly under the law to ensure safety. As he had when the battery stop working automatically when the temperature rise function. For this purpose in entering the power generation unit is equipped with a temperature sensor to monitor the surface temperature, so it does not exceed a certain interval. Our tests confirm that when the surface temperature reaches about 45 ℃, the battery will automatically stop working.

 

In addition, the company said in response to temperatures above 100 ℃, the battery is also equipped with temperature starting capabilities and cons screen input terminals and output in the high current function.

 

Fuel Bottle also pays attention to safety

 

Dynario now need to use 50 ml vial filled with fuel for fuel. Fuel bottle with Toyo Seikan, develop, and the PA3534U-1BRS battery, as security have not been lax. Bottle with a double structure, in line with the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) safety standard (interim standard). “Even with 100 kg of withstanding the impact will not be damaged” (Toshiba). In addition, the company said, in exceptional form Pingzui and the role of internal agency, as long as the stack of fuel injection in the entrance channel which is not correct, the fuel does s’ sells it.