Digital battery

According to the report of the research firm market lithium-ion rechargeable battery shipments worldwide have continued to increase in 2007 lithium-ion rechargeable battery compared to world supply in 2006 increased by 17% because lithium-ion batteries in energy density advantage of using lithium-ion batteries can reduce system complexity and cost of system integration.

 

Lithium-ion rechargeable battery characteristics with the load / discharge the requirements of

Lithium-ion rechargeable battery with a single high voltage, small size, light weight, energy density, long cycle life, self-discharge current is small, no memory effect and no environmental pollution, good prices and benefits of weight. And the lithium-ion battery curve of discharge is very flat, so you can drain the battery within a period of stability in the whole power is ideal for small portable power power.

 

Series of lithium-ion battery voltage is usually 3.0 ~ 4.2V. When the battery is discharged, the voltage is subsequently begun to decline, the output voltage can change dynamically with the load changing. Table 1 shows the lithium-ion batteries on other features.

 

Lithium battery ion / lithium-ion batteries discharge need to monitor the voltage on the one hand to avoid overloading the other hand, to prevent excessive discharge. Would charge lithium-ion battery / control discharge testing of Dell Inspiron 1526 battery capacity and charge / discharge anomalies occur in the process to ensure protection.

 

When a number of series lithium-battery ions / use of landfill series after differences in the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries large lithium-ion battery, there was the specific charge or increase the probability an excessive discharge. Therefore, discharge of lithium-ion battery, the need to use a special discharge circuit when a battery voltage of lithium-ion battery discharge drops, until the following limit can automatically cut the discharge circuit , does not discharge lithium-ion battery appears to decrease their useful life. In addition, lithium-ion battery when charging lithium-ion battery should pay attention to time and changes in lithium battery temperature ion, so it will not be accountable for ensuring that battery life of lithium-ion battery. If the battery is over-load, it will accelerate the aging, but also the loss of energy it can transmit the system. Therefore, multi-cell lithium-battery ion / discharge circuit to take into account more problems than single-cell lithium battery ion / discharge circuit to consider the issues more.

 

Stored for a long period has been discharged lithium-ion batteries may be in a state of deep discharge (each set of lithium-battery voltage ion is generally less than 3V). In this case, for a full lithium-ion Dell Inspiron 5100 battery charging process to be completed some time before the trickle charge.

 

A larger load current can not make time for lithium-ion battery charge too. A voltage greater load current can be rapidly achieved peak, but the float take some time. Typically, the float is twice the initial charging time.

 

Rechargeable lithium-ion battery with the first constant charging current, then a constant voltage means, first of 1C or less constant load current until the battery voltage reaches the voltage limit load. Value of constant voltage is generally between 4.1 ~ 4.2V, precision constant voltage to be controlled to ± 1% or less, depending on the lithium-ion battery manufacturers, and lithium-material ion battery anode.

 

A typical lithium-ion battery charging characteristic curve in Figure 1. In the constant voltage phase, lithium battery ion current decreases. The voltage reaches the threshold voltage and load current to 0.03C (nearly 3% CI), the charging process is usually at the end. Most lithium-ion Dell Inspiron 5150 battery charger full power for about 3 hours. As lithium-ion batteries self-discharge rate is relatively low, so generally no need to run the current process of pricing.

 

Rechargeable lithium-ion battery to provide voltage regulation to correct a problem in addition to the two ends of the battery charging voltage is not exactly equivalent to be added to each battery voltage section. Unlike the battery in the various components of the voltage drop I × R caused. These factors include termination resistors in May, the protection of MOSFET on resistance, internal connections and detect resistance (for example, used to measure the capacitance of the battery).

 

Solution to this problem is in the lithium-ion battery voltage constant phase compensation of dynamic tension. “Dynamic” refers to the charge that I run, diminishes the value of compensation I × R, but also with the decrease. For example, TI bq2057 Charge Management IC has the function of automatic compensation.

There are three main methods currently used to determine the state of battery charge: measuring voltage, resistance power calculation and measurement.

 

The method of computing power is more complicated. The measure of power to be able to constantly monitor the Dell Inspiron 6000 battery voltage, current and temperature. Then, as the discharge rate, aging and temperature to adjust capacity, and was followed by a state of battery discharge, the remaining power, the battery can also use the time.

 

The main source of errors in power calculation due to cellular aging, self-discharge, and product differentiation between manufacturers, resulting in changes of the impedance of the battery. In addition, power calculations to measure the electricity consumption would only power the full power to run completely out of time to update the discharge capacity of the battery, and users do not often the battery has been fully developed electric shock.

 

Power measurement method using the impedance voltage based approach to determine the onset of the condition of battery and lack of capacity. Then they charge in a case of using a long-term approach by adjusting the remaining capacity of the battery and the beginning of the state. They are in every cycle depending on the voltage and current information updated calculation of the impedance of the Dell Inspiron 6400 battery. Finally, based on open circuit voltage and impedance information, calculate the average load in the remaining time available for a discharge curve.

 

IT in the “Impedance Track” The technology is based on the introduction of chip barometer bq20z80. A claimed that the use of the battery throughout the process, the accuracy of calculating the power of lithium battery is left at 99%. The chip barometer with an SMBus interface to the battery capacity of the information transmitted to host controller system. Host Controller remaining power management battery to extend the use of the system time.

 

Smart Battery

Present Dell Inspiron 700m battery rechargeable / discharge management, extensive use of a variety of practices and MCU / CPU for data exchange, processing a variety of bus technologies, for example, few buses (BITBUS ), System Management Bus (SMBus), IC exchange of data between bus (I2C), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and a simple peripheral bus (SPI) and so on.

 

In laptops, the use of bus technology may be state of the battery, the battery can be used time and energy remaining battery, batteries, parameters such as the battery if it is normal for the management and inspection, and make the battery status data shows that when the battery is exhausted, the computer may turn off automatically to save the data. Similarly, in the current widely used mobile phone these technologies have also been widely used, greatly facilitate the users use.

 

Someone under the smart battery is defined as follows: drums + electronics + control bus = Smart Battery. Smart Battery, SMBus, and “smart Dell Inspiron 8500 battery charger, the three formed a Smart Battery System (SBS).

 

The multi-cell lithium-ion battery charge / control of protection against discharge IC

Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries due to a series of advantages and it has become increasingly broad range of applications in the world large companies integrated circuit fabrication (such as Ti, Maxim, Linear, National, and Intersil Corporation, etc.) have launched a number of models of multi-cell lithium-ion rechargeable battery management integrated circuits. These products with different features, excellent performance, each section can be responsible for lithium-ion battery / discharge conditions and charge / discharge temperature detection and protection. Among them, some use 8-bit MCU core and the charge of lithium-ion battery / unload work of the state register of lithium battery ion / discharge the work of the host state and analyze and judge, to ensure that each lithium-ion battery is fully charged, and extend its life.

 

TI introduces bq2150H lithium-battery ion / discharge detection and protection control IC, which can be used for 2 to 5 series Li-battery ion / discharge applications, can be used alone, and may take five load / unload work LED display.

 

TI introduced the UCC3957 is used for 3 / 4 charge Li-ion Dell Inspiron 8600 battery / cons discharge protection of integrated circuits, through the state’s internal mechanism can be achieved for each section of the battery over charge / discharge detect and protect lithium-ion battery over-discharge protection current. UCC3957 by external P-channel MOSFET control of the load carrying / protection against discharge, using two charge / discharge over-current protection functions of command. If the charge / discharge process of lithium-ion battery is not connected, the screening can be achieved through the control of appropriate protective UCC3957.

 

TI has introduced the series bq2941X lithium-ion battery charge control IC is used to protect 2/3/4 two lithium-order ion battery protection for a series of integrated circuits, the main characteristics is that they charge Surge Protection against voltage threshold is different Equipped with high precision on-detection circuit voltage and the on-time voltage detection circuit programmable delay. Pulse work load.

 

Linear Introduces Lithium-Ion Battery Charger IC control such as LTC4006/LTC4007/LTC4100, etc., for 2 ~ 4 Li-Ion Dell Inspiron 9200 battery charging, while the LTC4008 can be used for 2 to 6 Lithium-ion battery charging applications , the maximum load current is 4A, the maximum input voltage 28V, using switching control workload.

 

National Semiconductor has introduced the LM3420 series of lithium-command Ion battery charge IC can be used for 1 ~ 4 Li-battery charge control to ion charge Li-ion battery control, linear and switching applications circuit.

 

MAX1894/MAX1924 Maxim’s, etc. 3 / 4 Li-Ion battery charger IC can be obtained with the control of each cell lithium-battery ion / discharge voltage detection to prevent lithium-ion battery over load / under charging, effectively extends the lithium-ion battery life. With due to charge / discharge the battery and short circuit box caused by the charge / discharge is not normal protection and trickle charge current control can be used to control the release of deep charge battery safety Automatic. MAX1894X for four sets of rechargeable lithium-ion battery applications, protect the threshold hysteresis, while MAX1924V and / MAX1924X can be used for 3 / 4 series Li-ion Dell Inspiron 9300 battery charger at the threshold of protection has hysteresis. MAX1894/MAX1924 have two logic-input signal level, the use of these two logic input signal level by the MCU to complete the process of lithium-controls shutdown of ion battery.

 

Maxim has introduced the MAX1870 is another circuit smart battery management integrated charge that can be Use 2 to 4 Li-control applications of ion battery charge, the integrated user-programmable 8-bit RISC-based micro - controller, data multi-channel Get channel cell, high-speed SPI interface circuit, master / slave SMBus interface circuit that allows the detection of lithium-ion battery. The use of multiple MAX1870 is string data acquisition circuit unit can be detected in the accuracy of 50mV in voltage lithium-ion battery, and using multiple channel data acquisition unit circuit of the MAX1870 to detect temperature inside and outside, easy to use.

 

Another example Intersil has introduced the ISL6251 ~ ISL6257, ISL6258 and ISL88731 (using SMBus) and other lithium-ion battery management ICs load control can be used for 2 to 4 Li-management applications Ion battery.

 

Intersil has introduced the ISL9208 can be used for a maximum of seven lithium-load management ion Dell Inspiron 9400 battery and control circuit with a load inside and outside the functions of detecting temperature protection control. In the ISL9208 has an internal embedded MCU cores, using the MCU core can complete the charging of lithium-order ion battery management. 4 ~ 7 series rechargeable lithium-battery voltage ion charge up to 30V through the MCU core, detection and control can be obtained for each cell lithium-battery ion / discharge detection power and control, ensuring the charge / discharge lithium-ion battery voltage balance and the battery life of lithium-ion battery. And the ISL9208 supports a multi-cell lithium-ion battery charging applications in parallel, the use of flexible and practical.

 

Summary

Use lithium-ion battery is growing, while lithium ion Laptop battery charge / discharge management has also become a very important and reasonable to charge lithium-ion battery / discharge of lithium-life ion battery and the use of safety are of great importance. And multi-cell lithium-battery ion / discharge and there is a continuous flat load / discharge, adequate electricity and not to discharge problem, to solve these problems, is inseparable from lithium-charge of ion battery management / discharge, because the rich control IC function, using lithium-IC battery ion / management of discharge is a good solution.

Lithium-ion battery circuit protection includes over-load protection, more protection against overcurrent / short circuit and over-discharge protection, and requires great precision charging protection, protection IC with low power consumption electric volt high-voltage and zero batteries and other features. This paper describes the principle of the three protection circuits, new functions and features required.

 

In recent years, PDAs, digital cameras, cell phones, portable audio devices and Bluetooth products get more and more use of lithium batteries as main power. Li-ion Laptop battery has a small size, high energy density, no memory effect, the high cycle life, high-voltage batteries and the advantages of low self-discharge rate, and nickel-cadmium batteries in nickel metal hydride are not the same lithium batteries must consider the charge and discharge of security so as to prevent deterioration characteristic. To overload the lithium battery, over discharge, over current protection and short-circuit is very important is usually the design of the battery circuit protection to protect Li-ion battery.

 

Because lithium high energy density-ion battery, it is difficult to ensure the safety of the battery. In the most charged, the battery temperature increases after the excess energy, so the decomposition of the electrolyte produced gas because of the internal pressure of the danger arising from the spontaneous combustion or broken on the contrary, over-discharge state, due to the decomposition of the electrolyte causing the Dell Inspiron 5150 battery characteristics and the degradation of sustainability, thus reducing the number of charge cycles.

 

Lithium-ion battery circuit protection is to ensure that this excess charge and discharge state of security and to prevent deterioration characteristic. Lithium-ion battery circuit protection is protected by the CI and structure of two power MOSFETs, including the protection IC for monitoring the battery voltage when there is excessive charges and the discharge state to pass the order to fill the power MOSFET to protect the battery, protect the functions of the IC during the load protection, over-discharge protection and protection against overcurrent / short circuit.

 

1, an overload protection

 

The principle of over-charge protection IC as follows: When an external charger for lithium battery, when, to avoid a temperature rise caused by increased internal pressure must end the state of load. At this stage, the need to test the hp 417066-001 battery voltage to protect IC when the time comes to 4.25V (assuming that the point of overcharging 4.25V) which activate the over-load protection, the MOSFET power to cut through the opening and closing the load.

 

In addition, attention must also be the result of excessive noise generated by the perception of dysfunction detected if determined to be overload protection. Therefore, the need to adjust the delay and time delay can be shorter than the noise.

 

2, over-discharge protection

 

In the case of excessive discharge, the decomposition of the electrolyte in case of damage caused by the characteristics of the battery and cause a reduction in the number of charge cycles. Protection of lithium-IC with on-rejection phenomenon can be avoided to protect the battery.

 

Over-the principle of discharge protection IC: To avoid excessive sony VGP-BPS2A battery status at discharge, assuming that the lithium battery connected to the load when the voltage of the lithium battery is less than the highest - point of discharge voltage detection (assumed to be 2.3V) will activate the over-discharge protection, so that the power MOSFET transition from open-cut and the threshold of discharge, to avoid battery-phenomenon discharge, and keep the battery low quiescent current in standby mode, yet current 0.1μA.

 

When the lithium battery is connected to the charger and the battery voltage lithium is greater than this period of excessive discharge voltage, over-discharge protection is lifted. In addition, taking into account the conditions of discharge pulse, excessive discharge detection circuit with time delay to prevent malfunction.

 

3, the current and short-circuit current

 

For unknown reasons (discharge or negative by metallic objects inadvertently) caused by over-current circuit or short to ensure security, you should immediately cease its discharge.

 

Terms runway Principles of protection against overcurrent IC, when the discharge toshiba PA3399U-1BAS battery current is too large or too short occurs, the protection IC is turned off (short circuit) current protection, over current detection at the moment is to power MOSFET’s Rds (on) as a sensor monitoring the impedance voltage drop in the case, if the ratio set by the voltage-current detection is higher when the discharge stopped, the formula is:

V = I × Rds (on) × 2 (V-for over-current detection voltage, I is discharge current)

Suppose V = 0.2V, Rds () = 25mΩ, and protect the current size of I = 4A on

Similarly, too much time current detection delay should also be provided to prevent current flow generated when there are unexpected failures.

Usually, after the election of overheating if they can remove the excess current factors (such as the charge immediately and out) will resume its normal state, may proceed with the normal load, the discharge action.

 

4 new protection features of the lithium-IC’s

 

In addition to the protection feature of the lithium IC attention the following new battery features is also interesting:

a. Charging over-current protection

When connecting the charger suddenly aware (as the charger is damaged), on-circuit current detection immediately, this time from top to bottom Court, the MOSFET power to cut the open position for protection.

V = I × Rds () × 2

(I is the load current; Vdet4 on voltage-current detection, Vdet4 to-0.1V)

 

b. Overcharge when the lock mode

Usually protect the IC in the over-charging protection will be after a period of delay time, and then it will cut the power MOSFETs to achieve the goal of protection when the battery voltage lithium dropped in points Lifting (hysteresis voltage overload), when it will resume once again continue to impose protection →Discharge charge discharge. Security issues in this state will not be able to get an effective solution, lithium batteries will always repeat the charge discharge →Action load discharge gate MOSFET power will be repeated alternately at high and low voltage state, which could make the MOSFET heater but it also reduces the battery life, if the lock mode is very important. If the circuit of the lithium battery protection detects over-protection mode load locked, IC will not get hot, and the relative security has improved considerably.

In the over-load protection, simply plug the battery charger, the charging time will be entered into lock mode. At this stage, even if the voltage drops of the lithium battery can not produce the recharge of the situation, remove and connect to load and unload the load can be restored condition.

 

c. Reduce the size of the circuit protection component

Will overload and short circuit protection with an integrated capacitor delay for the protection of the IC inside to reduce the size of circuit protection components?

 

5, the protection requirements of IC performance

 

a. Overload protection, high accuracy

When the lithium-ion battery charging excessive state to avoid a temperature rise caused by increased internal pressure required for the threshold state of charge. Protection IC detects the cbattery voltage, when the overcharge is detected, then detection of over-charging power MOSFETs in order to cut the load threshold. At this point should be noted that over-voltage detection burden of high precision, battery charging, battery to a state is a danger of the user, taking into account security issues and should enable the voltage when the threshold state of charge. To simultaneously satisfy these two conditions, there must be a detector of high precision, accuracy of 25mV current detector, the accuracy will be improved.

 

b. In order to reduce IC power consumption to protect

With the increasing use of time was enough lithium power-voltage ion battery will gradually diminish the value of the last low specifications below, this time need to recharge. If you do not charge for continued use, may lead to excessive battery discharge Ershi is not used. To avoid too much discharge protection IC to detect the battery voltage, over-voltage detection of the landfill once they reach the following, you must cut the discharge of MOSFET power and the threshold discharge. But this time, the BATCL50L battery itself, there are still protecting the natural discharge and IC current consumption exist, therefore the need to protect the IC power consumption to a minimum.

 

c. Protection against overcurrent / short-circuit the need for low-voltage detection and precision requirements

Short circuits due to unknown causes must immediately stop selling them. Over-current detection is based on power MOSFET RDS (on) for the impedance of induction to follow the voltage drop of blood at the time when compared with a voltage-current detection is also high at namely, to stop selling them. To MOSFET’s Rds (on) in the current charge and discharge current is the effective use of time is needed for the impedance as low as possible, at present the impedance is approximately 20mΩ ~ 30mΩ, if the voltage-current detection may be lower.

 

d. Resistant to high voltage

Battery and charger to connect the instant the pressure will be generated if the protection must meet the requirements of high voltage IC.

 

e. Low VGP-BPS2B battery consumption

In the protection of the state, its current consumption of 0.1μA rest must be small.

 

f. Zero-Volt Rechargeable

Some batteries may be stored in the process because it takes too long or unusual causes of tension as low as 0V, and therefore need to protect the IC can be achieved when 0V load.

 

6, the protection IC Prospect

 

As mentioned previously, the future protection of integrated circuits should further enhance the detection voltage accuracy and reduce current consumption to protect and improve the CI function to prevent malfunctions and so on, and the charger to connect the terminal High voltage is also the focus of research and development. In the package, at present has been a gradual shift SOT23-6 package SON6 the future, there are CSP package, even COB products to meet the requirements highlighted in a word, light.

 

In functions, protect the IC does not require integration of all functions, according to different materials, to develop a single lithium Dell Latitude D830 battery protection IC, the coverage only if overloaded or over-discharge protection, which can significantly reduce the cost and size.

 

Of course, the functional components is a single crystal of the same goals, such as manufacturers of mobile phones today have been directed towards protecting the IC, charging circuit and power management IC, and other peripheral circuits and logic is a two chip chipset, but rather of power MOSFET’s open reduction of impedance of the circuit is difficult to integrate with other IC, even if it is made of a special single-chip technology, I fear the cost is too high. Therefore, protection of single crystal integrated circuits should take some time to resolve.

Thirdly, key initiatives aimed at solving environmental problems is the full implementation of the policy of recycling batteries

 

China is actively pursuing the circular economy, waste batteries can be recycled to 90%, but the industrial policy of China does not waste battery recycling a good development space, resulted in their becoming long-term problem bottleneck in the development of China Battery. China is not a lead-acid battery management of waste recycling, legal standards, the country was not prepared to conduct business waste professionals acid battery recycling, not a business or professional secondary battery recycling lead companies to establish a national network and a network of regional collection, recovery of all the work is the decentralized management state of unrest, the recovery rate of waste lead-acid batteries n ‘ is not high. Problems recovery of lead in non-standard commercial rehabilitation and strengthening of management is imperative, the state departments concerned should the policy as soon as possible, as the ban small coal mines, small smelt, as after a waste recycling lead small businesses. At the same time put in place policies to encourage and support large-scale manufacturers of Dell Inspiron 5150 battery recycling used batteries. Limiting the development of secondary industry to lead China are main factors: first, the cost burden of environmental protection equipment. Companies with advanced technology, the protection of the environment and well equipped to benefit the company not modify the technological backwardness of the serious pollution of the city “lead smelting small.” Second, surveillance is not enough. None business license is also under secondary lead production, correction palliative, were closed for “low melting lead, the wind is over, the resurgence. Thirdly, industrial policy is not conducive to business informal. Tax too heavy also undermined an advance regenerated large enterprises to increase the capacity of environmental governance. 

 

Fourth, the development trend of China’s lead-acid battery industry

 

Discharge is more than one hundred years old lead-acid batteries due to low cost materials, simple technology, the technology is mature, self is low, maintenance free characteristics of needs in the decades to come, still dominant in the market although the starter used, the power market space battery in May will be a turning point in the near future the development of domestic industry will remain dominant in the medium term will also be a place in the long term without is necessary to use high weight ratio of energy continue to exist. Currently, its major application areas of origin such as motorcycle motor, power supply parts, etc. in the substantial growth, but also in new application areas such as electric bicycles, buses can be used such as the development of valve-regulated development of hp Pavilion DV1000 battery technology to meet the high technology, such as UPS, power and communications equipment, food needs. As the lead acid battery technology continues to advance, making the electric bike industry, tremendous development, and to fuel cars and fuel to reduce pollution from motorcycles to make a contribution. Maintenance free technique, drawing technology in the grid net for the rapid development of the automotive industry. We can say in these applications in lead-acid battery technology advances to improve the competitiveness of the country has made real contributions.

 

Power tools, electric bicycles and other industries demand for small mobile battery industry has spurred the rapid growth momentum. Electric bicycle battery set most VRLA batteries after a performance improvement, energy and life cycle of a breakthrough, but so far remain in the high flow rate that energy is not quite high, deep-cycle life is not long enough gap largely affected the rapid growth of the electric bicycle industry.

 

Electric bicycle as a means of transport in less developed countries in recent years, rapid development, particularly in China. From 2000 to 290,000 in 2005 developing 12.09 million, the rate of average annual growth of 174%. It is expected that in the future for a long period of time, the batteries of electric bikes products will flourish. China’s Electric Power batteries bicycles used lead-acid batteries for more than 95%. 2006 Electric Bicycle sony VGP-BPS2 battery capacity of 40 to 50 billion by 2015, the output of electric vehicles in China will reach 1,000 billion yuan, including 16.0 billion supporting cells. The secondary market to replace the battery 480 billion, which is a huge market.

 

5, lead to China industrial battery acid, the direction of development envisaged

 

⑴ encourage bigger and stronger, improving the degree of industry concentration

 

To upgrade industry clustering effect, actively respond to various market risks, with equipment, manpower, technology, and effective integration, reduce waste, training of the optimization structural product additional columns for increased investment in efforts to protect the environment, an effective solution to pollution problems in the production process and further strengthen the leading companies in overall strength and realize the magnitude and Development group.

 

⑵ upward trend of lead acid batteries

 

To seize market to expand the size of the lead industry of toshiba PA3421U-1BRS battery acid, and strive for annual production of 2010 of approximately 131.75 million KVAh, sales income of 66 billion yuan.

 

⑶ be development-lead acid batteries

 

Although the lead acid battery technology continues, but the specific power, cycle life and other issues is always the emphasis on industry issues. Therefore, increased efforts in R & D efforts to improve the level of scientific research to enhance competitiveness are the only way for industrial development. Across the bridge and link between the role of the Association, and vigorously for businesses to create a platform for exchange and communication with the upper lead, partitions and other downstream industries, such as vehicles form an electrical and mechanical joint research and development, a group formed to unite foreign ALABC or a similar alliance to jointly research and development and strengthen R & D capability.

 

⑷ accelerate the adjustment of product structure, standardize the market recovery and regeneration

 

Increase the proportion of new products, develop sound and resource efficient products, focusing on the development of sealed maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, the phasing out of open-type batteries. Lead acid batteries to accelerate the technological transformation of enterprises, the use of process equipment for advanced and effective monitoring of the production process problems of environmental pollution, to achieve higher production clean. Encourage colloidal lead-acid batteries, winding type bipolar lead-acid batteries, and other new types of apple A1079 battery research and development, improve the use of more power and lead to regulate the market lead - Recovery of acid batteries and recycling, reducing waste lead-acid batteries of environmental pollution, noise oriented and resource management.

 

⑸ expand, standardize the export market to avoid trade frictions

 

A careful study of the international market demand, the range of export products appropriate adjustments to reduce the export price of competitive products, development of new applications and markets. Occupy the market share of low price, it exports the lead acid BATBL50L6 battery blow to China. At the same time, may be subject to foreign anti-dumping lawsuits, resulting in higher product has been imposed anti-dumping duties, loss of self-rising prices fair. Therefore, the Association should play in regulating the order of foreign trade and industrial development in the role of coordination to protect the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises, establish a standard order of competition to prevent abusive behavior cheap exports. Also studied the relevant policies of the country’s target market to consider establishing manufacturing bases abroad.