Digital battery

In recent years, with new lithium-ion secondary battery in top sports energy, environmental protection, security and other lithium breakthrough technology industrialization of electric vehicles entered an important phase of development. August 25, 2006 Lithium power ion battery technology and industrial development of the international forum held in Beijing, Zheng Ji-chun, deputy director of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Committee briefed the participants on electric vehicles in Beijing and lithium-industry developments ion battery. hp Pavilion dv2000 battery  hp Pavilion dv6000 battery

 

Development of electric vehicles is required

 

Zheng Ji-chun said that in addition to global energy crisis, the background, development of electric vehicles in Beijing there are two main reasons, namely, the requirements of environmental protection and the Olympic requirements.

 

According to statistics, from the end of June this year in Beijing reached 2.73 million motor vehicles to maintain, primarily in China, with an annual growth rate of about 15% is expected of By the end of this year will exceed 3 million euros. With the amount of car ownership has increased year by year, commuting from his people very practical at the same time, has also caused environmental pollution, noise, oil tight and so on. According to the experimental units, each fuel vehicles daily gases emitted about 0.6 ~ 0.9 kilograms, the atmosphere in Beijing more than 70% of oil, over 60% of nitrogen oxides from exhaust from cars, direct discharges of pollutants from car the total concentration of the contribution rate has shown an upward trend. Compared with foreign countries, emissions from motor vehicles in China caused by air pollution is much higher than the United States, Japan, France, automobile exhaust has become the capital of main sources of air pollution. Dell Inspiron 1150 battery  Dell Inspiron 1300 battery

 

In addition, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, according to his previous experience in successfully hosting the Olympic and pure electric vehicles have become the host city for the Olympics earlier promotional theme of Green Olympics. In 1996, the United States Olympic Games in Atlanta, has invested more than 250 vehicles from golf carts electric and 15 electric buses in the fleet composition of the green, the Sydney 2000 Olympics, has invested $ 400 pure electric vehicles by the composition of the fleet green 2004 Athens Olympic Games in South Korea Hyundai offers a number of vehicles, pure electric vehicles for the marathon and marathon relay of the torch lead car. Solemn commitment of the Beijing Olympics would be “tight control of exhaust gas from vehicles and other sources of emissions of pollutants and the urban daily average concentration of major pollutants to ensure that weather conditions over unfavorable to achieving the standards of air quality required by the International Olympic Committee.”

 

Zheng Ji-chun said, according to these reasons, Beijing has the responsibility and the need to develop electric vehicles is a difficult and urgent.  IBM ThinkPad X60 battery FRU 92P1141

 

Pure electric vehicles will be used for Beijing Olympics

 

According to Zheng Ji-chun erected the development of Beijing Electric Vehicle fundamental objective is to reduce automobile pollution, adjust and improve the structure of energy consumption and to achieve urban economic development, social and environmental development. To this end, the development of Beijing electric vehicles throughout the deployment of a three-pronged: First, select the bus to promote the use of electric vehicles as the main areas, the second is to promote research electric vehicles, development and industrialization, third battery of active power, etc. advanced technology vehicle research and development.

 

Use of electric vehicles in the Olympic Games, Beijing has also made a corresponding development plan: First, 90% buses and all municipal regulations (environmental and postal) car for the electric vehicle, the second is research and development of pure electric vehicles to improve traffic pollution, three Olympic Park with a zero emission vehicles and ultra-low emission vehicle. VGP-BPS8B VGP-BPS9

 

Zheng Ji-chun said, according to the presentation of preliminary ideas for pure electric vehicles as the representative of the zero-emission and ultra-low emission vehicle, it will direct the Beijing Olympics, applied to the major bus lines , focusing on regional and sports centers. To this end, Beijing attaches great importance to electric vehicles in recent years, research, development and promotion application. It is understood that, “15″ period, Beijing took the 863 “national” plan major projects in pure electric vehicles, electric buses and bus research and fuel cell development tasks, and became the National Science and Technology has established four model cities in the world of electric vehicles. Science and Technology Commission of Beijing Olympics is also used in the development and application of electric vehicles, one after another in this area, science and technology funds invested around 2 billion euros, thanks a series of major scientific and technological projects and scientific and technological projects carried out much work, research and development, manufacture, application to promote the three links in the detail and meticulous deployment. PA3285U-3BRS PA3383U-1BRS

 

According to reports, the search for electric vehicles and development process, Beijing has made a series of technical achievements with the rights of independent intellectual property, access to more than 20 patents, developing technical specifications and standards of undertaking of 22 items related companies have independent intellectual property rights produced electric vehicle capabilities, and Beijing R & D of electric vehicles has almost reached the practical level. A number of lines through a model for nearly a year to run the Beijing developed independently of the overall performance of the electric passenger car pure principle has been found practical electric vehicles and key components of the reliability and applicability of the problem was basically solved, the mileage intervals were failure to reach the level of conventional engines, internal combustion, can basically meet the bus and use requirements during the Olympic Games.

 

Lithium battery car problem solving Olympics

 

Electric vehicles are crucial cycle of battery life, safety, cost and application problems efficiently. Electric vehicles in Beijing in the development and commercialization process has also been confronted with these obstacles, the battery technology for power, performance and cost constraints become an issue of wide application of commercial electric vehicles of the neck strangulation.

 

According to Zheng Ji-chun, at present, Beijing, developed mainly in the location of production of electric vehicles, lead to greater capacity, battery acid and lithium-ion batteries as power, fuel cell technology fuel is still at the track and the stage of research. With the trial operation in a number of bus routes and found that the use of lead acid batteries for electric vehicle driving range is shorter lifespan is short. In addition, lead acid batteries, there are still bulky, not environmental protection and other shortcomings. And compared with lead acid batteries, lithium-ion battery is a high energy density, high operating voltage of the green cells is considered to power future electric vehicle battery, one of the best choices, but the high cost of investment of time. It is understood that an electrical bus with 400-an-hour lithium-price ion battery to hundreds of thousands of dollars to reduce the cost of lithium-ion battery is an important element of future research.

 

Beijing attaches great importance to the lithium-ion battery and key material for research and industrialization. It is understood that, “15″ period around the lithium-ion battery research and development and implementation of the Science of Beijing Municipality and Technology Commission has invested more than 4000 million science and funds technology, organization and implementation of lithium, the material of the lithium ion battery cathode of manganese oxide from industrial technological development “,” pure electric vehicle lithium-industrialization of ion battery research and development ” and a significant number of scientific and technological projects, support the cathode material, the diaphragm and other essential materials to a series of lithium-cell research ion. Thanks to scientific research and technological research on key technologies and development of lithium-ion battery Beijing and key materials for the industry has made a breakthrough. Current cathode materials have been developed with intellectual property rights independent of the lithium-ion batteries key information necessary for the synthesis of manganese oxide lithium technology to solve an international structure of lithium manganese spinel oxide the synthesis of key technical problems and the lithium manganese oxide charge and discharge cycle stability of the world with problems of poor technique, and has made lithium oxide and lithium manganese oxide industrialization cobalt material.

 

However, Zheng Ji-chun also emphasized that lithium current China-materials separator ion A1060 M8403 battery necessary to rely solely on imports, prices cost high-powered battery separator materials represent over 30%. If the membrane material to enable location will significantly reduce the cost of battery power. For example, the Olympic 400 with an electric car when the lithium-ion battery, divide the cost accounted for 16 million yuan, if the membrane to allow localization costs will save half of the membrane. Currently, a number of units are organized scientific research, and some have already entered the pilot phase.

Lithium-ion batteries is a new type of battery, it does not contain lithium metal in the charge-discharge process, only the lithium-ion in the positive and negative exchanges between the campaigns, the electrode and electrolyte not participating in the reaction. Lithium-ion batteries for energy densities can reach 300Wh / L, the density of the payload can reach 125Wh / L.

 

1, Principles of batteries

Lithium-Ion batteries, with charges reaction mechanism of the discharge pipe, the lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes embedded in a prolapse, shuttle to and from the internal VGP-BPS10 battery without the presence of lithium metal, lithium-ion batteries more security and stability. The reaction scheme and the formula of basic reaction is:

 

2, construction of piers

The positive is LiCoO2 batteries and more conductive adhesives, coated aluminum foil to form the positive plate, the negative electrode is a conductive layer of graphite as well as agents and adhesive coatings based on copper particles Graphite is now more advanced layers were negative using nano-carbon.

 

The mechanism of above reaction, the positive use of LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O2 which this is a structure of LiCoO2 layer forms very stable crystal, but when away from LiCoO2 XLI, its structure may change, but if change depends on the X size. Through research has found that when X> 0.5, where the structure of Li1-XCoO2 expressed in extremely unstable and collapse occurs paralysis crystal, its outdoor performances of the end for the batteries overwhelming. Therefore, as part of VGP-BPS9 batteries must be controlled by limiting the charging voltage Li1-XCoO2 the value of X, the general tariff, the voltage does not exceed 4.2 V when X is less than 0.5, XCoO2-li1 then the crystal is always stable. C6 has its negative characteristics of its own, when for the first time after the LiCoO2 cathode of Li is sufficient to negative C6, when the discharge Li returned to the LiCoO2 cathode, but must be followed in a part of Li C6 remained negative, the heart of ensuring that the next charge and discharge embedding normal Li batteries otherwise overwhelming very short to ensure that there are part of the Li remained negative C6 The general threshold voltage by limiting the discharge to achieve. Therefore, the safety of lithium rechargeable batteries, the maximum voltage ≤ 4 .2 V, discharge lower limit voltage ≥ 2.5V.

 

3, the battery safety

Batteries for safety and design, materials and control of production processes in the production process is closely related to other factors. In IBM ThinkPad R51 battery charging and discharge process, the positive electrode potential anode materials are in dynamic change, with the voltage higher load, the cathode material (LixCoO2) the upside potential, the anode material for the insertion of lithium (LixC6) potential first down, then the potential emergence of a long platform, when the charging voltage is too high (> 4.2V) or because the negative electrode material of the surface density over the surface density of cathode material (C / A ratio) is low, excess lithium anode material, the cathode potential down rapidly and so the precipitation of lithium metal (in Under normal circumstances, it will not be the precipitation of lithium), it will be the performance of batteries and safety is a major threat. Potential changes see below:

 

In the matter has been defined circumstances, C / A too large, it will appear above the results. Instead, C / A is too small, the capacity is low platform, low cycle characteristics of the poor. Thus, in the production and transformation of the way to ensure the design of a good C / A ratio has become a key production and processing. Therefore, production must be controlled on the following aspects:

 

1. Materials handling anode

1) The large and ultra-fine powder with a particle size necessary for a complete separation, avoiding overheating local electrochemical reaction resulting from a negative reaction, to improve Dell Inspiron 1150 battery safety.

2) increasing the surface porosity, which can increase capacity by more than 10%, while C / A rate unchanged, security increased dramatically. Treatment led to the surface of anode materials for better compatibility with the electrolyte, and promote the formation of SEI film and stabilization.

2. Pulping process control

A) Process of pulping using methods and advanced technology of special chemical reagents, so that positive and negative slurry surface tension between the groups minimized. Improve the compatibility between the different groups to prevent the material in the mixing process “Reunion” phenomenon.

2) The time-based coating materials and spray the gap should be controlled to 0.2 mm below the surface of such a plate covered with smooth without particles, dents, scratches and other defects.

3) The suspension should be stored for more than 6 hours, the viscosity of the slurry remained stable in the Territories, slurry polymerization in a group phenomenon. Grout to ensure uniform distribution of positive and negative electrodes on the uniformity of the substrate, thereby improving the consistency of batteries, security.

 

3. The most advanced equipment for manufacturing chips

1) a pole piece can ensure stability and consistency of quality has greatly improved the uniformity of the F2024B battery pole piece, reducing the likelihood of the emergence of hazardous batteries.

2) monolithic plate coating machine exceeds the value of error density must be less than ± 2%, length of the plate and the size of the gap error must be less than 2 mm.

3) The rolls of the press roller cone and radial runout shall not be greater than 4μm, to ensure consistency of thick plates. The equipment must be equipped with a comprehensive collection of dust to prevent dust particles caused by the internal micro-batteries short-circuit, thus ensuring self-discharge performance of batteries.

4) cutting machine must be used as a knife-type cutting rolls cutting a continuous device, and cut the film is not quite there Yebian, burrs and other defects. The same device should be equipped with a comprehensive collection of dust, ensuring self-discharge performance of batteries.

 

4. Advanced Sealing Technology

At home and abroad square lithium-ion VGP-BPS8A batteries are sealed laser (laser) welding sealing technology, which prohibits the use of YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser resonant cavity exposed to a source of bright light (usually the lamp nitrogen) to issue a bunch of inspired one frequency of light (λ = 1.06mm) was concentrated in an infinite number of refracted through the resonator, then concentrate on the Guidance cell alignment between the cylinder and the cover so that after the merger of affinity for one to reach the cover plate and the tube The objective of the merger sealing body. In order to achieve sealing welding, must contain the following elements:

1) It must be great energy, high frequency, focused performance monitoring and precision of the laser welding machine.

2) It must be applied to high precision laser welding of the shell and battery cover.

3) It must have a high degree of purity nitrogen uniform protection, especially aluminum batteries require high purity nitrogen, or aluminum surface will be difficult to produce molten Al2O3 (melting point 2400 ℃ ).

4) batteries and expansion control reasons

Lithium-ion batteries in the manufacture and use, there is often swelling of the phenomenon through the analysis and research are essentially two reasons:

Drowned in a lithium-ion led to changes in the thickness

Lithium rechargeable ion batteries where the anode from the cathode board prolapse, causing negative electrode layer spacing increases, but the swelling is, in general, the thicker apple iBook G4 14 inch battery, plus the amount of expansion.

 

2. Caused by the expansion process of poor control

During the manufacturing process, such as dispersion slurry, C / A than in discrete, temperature control directly affects the expansion of cells able batteries. Including water, because the rechargeable lithium formation of compounds with high carbon activity is very sensitive to water is a tug of chemical reactions. Gases produced by the reaction caused by the cell pressure is increased, an increase in the swelling behavior of batteries. Therefore, in production, in addition to dealing with the dehumidifier plate strict fluid injection in the process of dehumidification equipment should be used to ensure the dryness of the HR2% air, the dew point ( in the atmosphere of moist air due to temperature drop, so that the content of saturated water vapor began to condense when the temperature) is lower than -40 ℃. In very dry conditions, and taking fluids injected under vacuum, greatly reducing the chances of plates and electrolyte absorption.

5, aluminum and steel batteries comparison of the security

Aluminum over steel with high security benefits, the following is different from the pressure of the experience:

 

Note: The pressure is the pressure of batteries within the pressure (unit: kg), the data tables of a core electrical thickness (unit: mm) of steel can be considered to result internal pressure is very slow, while the internal pressure aluminum reaction was very acute. Therefore, from the thickness can be judged on the basis of battery internal pressure while the pressure of steel piles are often induced by the implicit hidden dangers. A steel model 063,448 batteries.