Digital battery

Color screen phones has been the market for a full year, advertising overwhelming, tempting us to the rope, but users still can not calmly why buy? The high prices of the reasons are undoubtedly important, but also a problem in the cell phone batteries can not shirk responsibility.

 

According to statistics, almost half of users suspected cell phone battery standby is too short, through a series of problems for users, so that the user “love machine is not easy. “

 

Bacheng users more satisfied with waiting time for a more detailed understanding of the thinking of the user, a recent study of Saint-Marc, Beijing, Shanghai and other major cities between the ages of 20 — 40 mobile phone users completed a survey on male / female ratio of the sample 6:4, close to the real market rate of the user. M8403 apple iBook G4 12 inch battery

 

Asked about “the mobile phone battery current satisfied, the 79% of users are the views of batteries for mobile phones. Knowledge of Figure 1, only 13% of satisfied users of mobile phone batteries, 8% of people Generally, he reluctantly accepts.

 

User comments on the current number of batteries for mobile phones, mainly summarized standby, performance and appearance in three areas (see Figure II). Firstly, 37% of respondents think the waiting time is too short, they believe that the frequent travel and preparation of back-up battery is charging something inconvenient. Secondly, approximately 19% of people said that nothing guarantees the performance, especially the numerous non-original batteries are more prone to problems, life is even shorter. Again, almost 15% of respondents believe that the battery color machine as a whole can not meet the multimedia, gaming and other multimedia needs. Finally, he expressed aspect is larger and lighter mobile phone form PA3534U-1BRS PA3591U-1BRS factor may not be consistent.

 

According to the sales staff of mobile phones, in the absence of words or short message service, waiting time traditional phone is generally 5 days, the actual use of generally three days, for traffic management or Sales of such personnel shall normally not exceed 2 days. In fact, users generally think that it would not be enough time before the battery market as a whole is even shorter time saver.

 

Compared to the previous two years, and now the market for mobile telephony is already sitting on top “Gold Mountain”. With the technical threshold for the reduction of accessories for mobile phones by the coveted “Wedge Mountain” Small and Medium Enterprises swarmed the market while a mixed bag. As these manufacturers to pursue “low cost” and “factory fast” quality batteries for mobile phones, there is no assurance that the natural reduction of standby time, the batteries gradually increase market share throughout VGP-BPS2 VGP-BPS2A Battery standby is short.

 

At the same time, these non-original batteries are still quality assurance and after sales service for the user to add a lot of trouble, leaving the poor impression. In this regard, a user is full of grievances: “Suddenly a problem, you must go to repair, the warranty can not find the person can go to the expensive mobile phone accessories shop slaughtered.”

 

At present mobile phone standby time has become a headache for the business traveler. Especially those who travel long business people moving frequently, the sales staff, they have more time to load their regular cell phones, let alone mobile phone charging much more time “meal” for finish things. This obviously gives “busy” as the characteristics of a mission to carry a heavy burden.

 

Recent salary survey shows that domestic: in all trades, marketing or sales revenue ahead of the fourth class of employees, what is channel sales business and an increased awareness with the result. Company management is probably the high income group, have lost these two groups of users, the positioning in the high-level consumer machines depend on the color of Han to eat? Traditional cell phone will lose a cow. PP2182L HSTNN-LB31

 

Users look forward to “green” and not “undisciplined”

 

To the user of mobile phone battery has a lot of comments also expressed a degree of understanding and of the ardent expectation of all respondents were willing to express their views on the future of batteries for mobile phones (see Figure 3).

 

When asked “Are you the best hope for the future of batteries for mobile phones,” haste the battery more environmentally friendly was the largest, representing about 33%. Environmental protection is consistent with modern trends in green consumption, the result of this, Toshiba has taken a position, recently launched a battery more environmentally formaldehyde, it is understood from the consumer market, batteries lithium, this new type of battery is also more durable advantages over thin. Has been followed by nearly 23% of applications in both large capacity, good performance and the advantages of small form factor. This fuel cell technology, if necessary, the “mad rush”, which is for manufacturers to invest in more R & D devoted more energy, government support for multi-point test market time points. Mobile Home for technical faults, Wang Bing, deputy director of the Ministry of Information Industry Bureau is running emphasized: To reserve 3G industry, technology, Ministry of the Information Industry will increase in future 3G mobile phones, product development, investment, focus on breakthroughs in core technologies and software technology. Dell Latitude D810 battery  Dell Latitude D820 battery

 

Some users even consider problems from the perspective of manufacturers. An older man said: “Due to a variety of reasons, manufacturers of mobile phone technology is not enough rainfall, especially the domestic manufacturers is very difficult to function and appearance are perfect. ” 16% of people make greater investments in technology consulting also mentioned that some people in front of the battery can not be the trend of compact mobile phones online for concern.

 

Understanding the ownership of understanding of the user is still hope that the future of mobile phones easier to use. 28% of respondents have raised a number of questions about the use of small areas. These problems may companies do not realize that, but quite reasonable. About 13% of people want companies to effectively carry out the “Three Guarantees” service commitment, 12% of the charger a few questions like “Why is the make or model of mobile phone charger can not be reunification ? “,” head load device ‘Why so many “hands up”? flashboard occupy too much space, “… … or even 3% of people do not stop for replacement batteries and so on. An argument is more direct: “Do not the manufacturers of cell phones can do so many batteries and chargers” undisciplined “?IBM ThinkPad T42 battery IBM ThinkPad T43 battery

 

Users and a variety of nuanced understanding of hope is that the cell phone as a consumer mass was close to everyday people.

 

As the lives of some, but you also need to intimate service. However, users still lack the “three guarantees” service. It is understood that, “Three Guarantees” service after the enactment of the majority of the officers of “three guarantees” as stipulated in more clearly, but not implemented, the rate of cell phone complaints remained high. The frustration that some users’ mobile phones parallel “does not generally have after-sales service, it is difficult to accept that formal activity staff mobile phone service often with” water “, etc. as an excuse” three boxes of “services”. “Many manufacturers maintain a variety of points that we consider hidden costs of fraud.”

 

Just think, if you forget when you travel with a charger because the charger can not “step in those shoes, you have to offer cell phone service pricing for finding hotels, shopping malls, and even borrow charger strange companion, which are clearly unnecessary trouble. Pay attention to the search for efficiency in all things modern “convenience”, the simpler the better, but also willing to take money for convenience. In particular, high-level consumers want companies to the global situation and mutual cooperation, the shipper “Jiang Hu” unified, if the manufacturer requires additional investment, if added to the cost of mobile phones would not mind “Well Hua Xiaoqian do great things.” In fact, each family member in consumer goods, followed by “facilitate” the principle of the user gradually in “Xin Wo” and at the same time “unruly” will probably become a major obstacle to the development of mobile phones. BATCL50L  LCBTP03003 

It seems that manufacturers take into account not only the battery technology, “green”, but also the design, eliminating the “unruly” behavior.

 

Cell to become focused on short-Re board design techniques

 

As we live in the regulation of basic food and clothing “after, but also to a richer spiritual life” well-off people are also subject to the requirements of a consumer from a functional to a Multi-functional, feeling, aesthetic feelings and other psychological process will move towards the future of mobile telephony and the emergence of multi-media technology to small businesses.

 

Currently the camera functions available, send and receive multimedia messages, download games and features high-capacity telephone mobile, one of the major markets, people are increasingly willing to “pocket”. However, in the enjoyment of beautiful polyphonic ringtones, clear image, the user has indicated a marked increase in the frequency of loading is most felt that the lack of battery capacity. A user machine in color, said: “Buy the color is to follow the trend, if often hectic around the mobile phone recharge, life goes backwards.” hp Pavilion dv2000 battery  hp Pavilion dv6000 battery

 

In the multi-functional, “came to an end, all vendors are beginning to realize the core competitiveness of appearance in the mobile phone of the state of the climb. Which mobile phone manufacturers to Today ‘hui did not want their models more beautiful? “Light,” “delicious,” “Smart,” “thin” and so on ad words is none other than “small” in the past intended the word , and was even further “content” of the Nokia has also begun to focus on “the look”, you find not only young girls and hands, even the men around the mobile phone is also become increasingly small. With public enterprises on the size of the outside lines of the form, color, weight and other parameters of the process to reflect on several occasions, the mobile phones of tomorrow will be small, light of the extreme beauty. However, merchants have thought: “Hutouhunao” apparently Ben mobile phone battery will also “small” a stumbling block?

 

On the capacity of cellular telephone and shape the future of cell phone restrictions, this survey, 23% of users have put forward (see Figure II). Undoubtedly, mobile phone battery mobile phone has become a “content” and “look” to perfect a short board.

 

How do I reach this piece of board? We recommend: Heavy research and development, re-design. Developed a more environmentally friendly materials, energy and more energy effective action, people worry more time saver, and mobile phones will be the trend of green consumption, design of small general purpose batteries and chargers, including the high-end color machines, including mobile phones more quickly in the daily lives of people, which allows users to “Love Machine graduate.”

1. Battery invention inspired by frog legs

 

“Green” has become the most popular vocabulary. Environmental protection is at the heart of “new energy”, while the core of the new energy is the battery. Recently, the “2009 Electric Vehicle Industry Development Forum held in Beijing, the technology of pure electric vehicle Laptop battery that the meeting focused. In fact, pure electric vehicles used in battery, all power battery capacity of the largest categories, but also the highest technical difficulty of a battery. His ancestors there are over 200 years, has already emerged. Over 200 years of development history, they were in the work “hard”.

 

The birth of the battery based on people’s access to stable and sustained for present needs. However, the invention of the stack is derived from the anatomy of a frog’s experience generated by inspiration, a bit accidental.

 

Portrait of the Italian anatomist Luigi Galvani, because the anatomy of the frog, when he discovered the “bio-power” and famous, please note that the lower part of this portrait of a half-frog

 

One day in 1780, the Italian anatomist Luigi Galvani (Luigi Galvani) do dissections of frogs, hands held VGP-BPS10A/B all kinds of metallic equipment, inadvertently touched the thigh of the frog at the same time, the contraction muscles of frog legs at once a moment, as the stimulatory effect, and if only a metal instrument to touch the frogs, the absence of such a reaction. Galvani believed that this phenomenon occurs because the body of the animal a sort of internal generation of electricity, which he called “biopower”.

 

Galvani’s discovery aroused great interest to physicists who contributed to repeat the experiment of Galvani, an attempt to find a way to generate electricity. The volt Italian physicist (Alessandro Volta) several times after the experiment are: Galvani “biological electricity” is not correct, the frog muscle was able to produce current, probably a kind of fluid in the muscle car effect.

 

To demonstrate their point of view, the voltage at two different types of metal immersed in a variety of test solution. The results showed that the film of two metals, as there is a place with the solution of the chemical reaction between the metal can generate electricity.

 

1799 volts in a zinc plate and silver plate immersed in salt water was found to connect two metal son have accounts through. He therefore asked a number of zinc and silver film between the pads of cloth or paper soaked in salt water dishes stacked together, hand-to-end, he feels a strong current stimulus. Volts using this method successfully in the world’s first Dell Latitude D620 battery“heap of volts of electricity.” This “V Battery” is actually a series of batteries.

 

In fact, while there are two kinds of metals immersed in a solution, it may produce galvanic action. Had received surgery metal fragments found friends, with the tongue licking the metal fittings, you will feel “Ma Ma” feeling, because a variety of metals used in the lining had a battery.

 

1836-Brittany Daniel on the V stack “had improved, but better after another battery burner” and “Grove cell” and so escape. However, at the time, regardless of the type of batteries are needed to fill the liquid between two metal plates, handling is very convenient, especially the battery is used in liquid sulfuric acid, in time movement is very dangerous.

 

2 Evolution: From “portable” for reuse

 

The initiator of dry batteries in the age of mid-19th was born. In 1860, Leikelanshi France (Georges Leclanché) invented the carbon zinc batteries, which are easier to manufacture, and the initial wet water-based electrolytes progressive disorder with sticky dough type similarly to replace and, when they are packed in containers, “dry” sexual toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery took place.

 

Invention Leikelanshi dryland

 

In 1887, the British Hellesen (Wilhelm Hellesen) invented the first dry. Compared to liquid batteries, the battery electrolyte is a paste, will not spill, easy to carry, so access to a wide range of applications.

 

Today, the dry cell has developed into a large family of over 100 different species. Common ordinary zinc - manganese dry batteries, alkaline zinc - manganese dry batteries, magnesium - manganese dry battery and so on, but the first invention, carbon zinc batteries is still the largest production of the modern dry cell. Battery technology continues to evolve in the process, new problems have emerged. It was found that despite the dry easy to use, inexpensive, disposable waste, but can not be reused. In addition, due to the metal as raw material easily lead to waste of raw materials, waste batteries can also cause environmental pollution. As a result, may be repeated charge discharge cycles, the repeated use of the hp Pavilion dv4 battery in a new direction.

 

In fact, the batteries can also be traced to the first invention of 1860. This year, the French plant (Gaston Plante) invented a battery electrode lead. This battery is unique in a period of time where the voltage drop of the battery, you can switch to reverse current, so that the battery voltage is picked up. Because the battery can be charged and can be used repeatedly, so called “battery.”

 

In 1890, Edison invented the iron-nickel rechargeable batteries, rechargeable 1910, commercial production of iron and nickel batteries. Today, more and more types of rechargeable batteries is rich in the form of increasingly diverse, the oldest of lead acid batteries, a battery of lead crystal, the iron-nickel batteries, and that silver zinc batteries, developed for lead-acid batteries, solar cells and lithium batteries, etc.. In the meantime, more and more areas of application of batteries, capacitors increases, the performance more stable pricing more practical.

 

3 Status: New power surge

 

The story can be seen from the foregoing, the entire history of the toshiba PA3284U-1BRS battery can also be considered a “try all kinds of metal can be made batteries” of history. Now the redder metal, industry cell is “Lithium.” Lithium is the lightest of all metals inside, is also lighter than water, especially moving, need to preserve the wax inside. In fact, the original inventor Thomas Edison once had lithium batteries, but due to the chemical properties of lithium metal is very strong, which makes the lithium metal processing, storage, use a very high requirement on the environment, such as along-term lithium batteries have not been implemented. Now people on the drums, “desperate for,” these questions is not a problem. Discharge exactly the weight of lithium batteries energy is high and tension is high, the self is small, can be stored long, so it is during the last 30 years has achieved great development. We use computers, calculators, cameras, watches, batteries are lithium batteries.

 

Li-ion battery that is after the battery voltage at no charge. This battery can be charged, but the cycle performance is not good in the charge-discharge cycle over the formation of lithium dendrites, causing internal short-circuit the BATCL50L battery, under normal circumstances the battery Management is prohibited. Later, Sony invented materials such as carbon anode, lithium-containing compounds to make positive, the charge-discharge process, there is no lithium metal and lithium-ion does, which is lithium-ion battery.

 

The advantages of lithium-ion batteries is very clear: a high voltage, small size, light weight, high energy, no memory effect, no pollution, low self-discharge, the long life cycle, as the most suitable for battery electric vehicles as one. Lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion electrodes ran between positive and negative charge and discharge. Most cattle in this area of technology is “the structure of cell layers, that is, for many of assault layers very thin and then stacked together, so can be a very small volume of ‘a very high efficiency.

 

To improve ease of use, but the current number of electric cars, lithium can be used ordinary family of voltage-dependent, but the loading time up to several hours. To promote cars lithium battery large scale, the creation of the corresponding fully loaded station is essential. However, in March this year, Japanese researchers have developed a new type of “Lithium - air” batteries free of charge, just replace the water in the cathode-electrolyte function through the area of the map etc. to replace the lithium metal anode can be used continuously. In other words, charging facilities, adding things like a “filling station” rather than a big lock “battery charging station.”

 

In addition to the battery, people now want out of a variety of ways for storing electrical energy of the vehicle, for example, some have thought that with the speed flywheel for energy storage Qikuai. But the flywheel, once broken, it becomes a bomb, I did not Kaopu. Now the main research is to use the battery. In addition to lithium-ion batteries, there is a battery cell is promising “fuel”, which is a way to exist in the fuel and oxidant chemical energy directly into electricity plant. Fuel and air were sent to the fuel cell, electricity was produced well. One of the most convenient is to use hydrogen or hydrogen rich fuel gas containing the fuel cell.

 

The battery was born 200 years and they continue to move forward. Past and present the objectives of the battery has not changed: people everywhere to enjoy the electricity of a big favor.

In June 2009, a new attracted our attention: Sony Corporation has announced the six models of mercury-free alkaline button batteries (LR) of the marketing plan, which means that the Sony-mercury button batteries are fully free market.

 

In fact, as early as eight years ago, China’s New Leader Battery Co., Ltd. Business battery had been a breakthrough ahead of other countries that have plagued the world’s problems, and was the first conducted a large-scale production.

 

The mercury batteries inside a great harm to humanity, because the Laptop battery inside the mercury on the brain and nervous system toxin interfere significantly with normal nerves, the exposure fetus or infant to high doses of mercury can cause mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment or loss of vision and so on. Even exposure to low doses of mercury, may also affect the healthy development of children, it may enable them to attract attention, action coordination, language skills, visuospatial, and memory problems text. For adults, a chronic mercury poisoning can cause memory decline, seizures, vision loss, and the hands, feet means paralysis, and fertility and the devastating effects of blood pressure. Increasing evidence shows that exposure to mercury may increase heart disease.

 

And because the VGP-BPS8 battery of a high frequency of use and universality, making the threat of mercury-containing batteries become more evident. It is reported that a New Zealand-style micro-mercury alkaline batteries can be contaminated by water is 600,000 liters, equivalent to the amount of water, the life of a person.

 

In other countries, more than a decade in Japan and the United States, Europe and other well known manufacturers of mercury-free batteries, mercury free button cell surprised by a large number of studies. However, there are technical problems are not resolved, there is no one company can successfully produce mercury-free alkaline button cell, resulting in the global market has been the use of mercury-containing button cell alkaline. Coin 1 billion each year by the production and use, so that China and the rest of the world, people still face the risk of mercury exposure.

 

While all research stopped, when this problem by breaking the new company-Qing Li Dade. In this regard, the China Battery Industry Association and the American groups of the environment have given a high degree of recognition and evaluation as the cause of the world’s great contribution to protecting the environment. With the invention of this technology, China has become the world’s first mercury in Dell XPS M1210 battery-free buttons cracking problems of the country.

 

It is understood that the reasons for mercury button batteries, mercury is used to block cream zinc anode of the battery with pieces of metal anode contact, because these contacts produce hydrogen gas, leading to cell swelling deformation, leak or even explosion. Early mercury button cell battery problem leak also exists, which affects performance, battery life and use of the most fatal flaw, but in the late 70s of last century, mercury leakage problems of button cells, they were forwarded to the original use of punch made with stainless steel plate and then nickel plated or gold, “the negative coverage, replaced by a” nickel, stainless steel, copper laminated composite formed the “Group of metal composite,” made negative coverage, and other improvements related to actually be controlled.

 

The purpose of this patented invention is to maintain the original mercury (eg mercury) batteries buttons fight against the performance of the leak itself based on mercury free button batteries.

 

The patent on October 19, 2001 by the National Office of Intellectual Property in the patent application, and October 2, 2002 announcement was authorized by the patent No. 01234722.1.

 

With the use of mercury-containing button cell and the increasing volume of waste, waste batteries, mercury pollution of the environment is becoming more serious. Thus, the needs of environmental protection, button cell hp F2024A battery industry manufacturing has been eager to set the battery in the mercury problem. In this patent application, Sony, Toshiba, Hitachi, Panasonic, Seiko, etc. at the button battery R & D and manufacturing industry, the leading position among Japanese companies, are mercury free button batteries for solve the problem for a variety of attempts and efforts to put forward all kinds of technological solutions. All these technical programs are committed to addressing mercury free leakage caused by the new problem, but failed to respond effectively to mercury free technology and anti-leakage effect of the two. Therefore, this patent application until a few days ago, button battery manufacturing may actually have not effectively address both mercury-free technology and the fight against the problem of leakage, and therefore mercury free button batteries are not even really realize the industrialization and market access.

 

This patent search and development through the use of unconventional ideas, successfully resolved the distress button industry of the manufacture of batteries for many years of technical problems. Before the date of this patent application, all addressing the issue of mercury-free technology for improving the program are in the existing technology base to mitigate the negative effects of escalation (eg, leaks) Speed commonly used by nickel - stainless steel - made from copper to remove three layers composite plate consisting of the CAP metal anodes based on a sophisticated system, all designed to improve the programs do not address the negative laminate cover any changes in the structure itself Similarly, even knowing that negative coverage multilayer structure forming the dislocation occurs and damage and coatings used in its suppression of the hydrogen produced by indium or tin, causing the VGP-BPS9 battery chamber of the tire and leakage is still a proposed complex of many other “plugs” of the program, but has not given regarding the availability covered by changing the negative multilayer structure to solve this problem, inspiring art.

 

And this patent is another way, its R & D and put aside the idea of super-normal manner by existing technology, made of three layers of sheet metal composite anode covered with a laminate structure, but directly by the metal plates and sheets stainless steel anode on-chip gold, silver, copper, tin, indium and other tests and found that the negative on the chip or indium tin -plated success in controlling cream zinc anode of the BATCL50L battery in contact with the film anode product gas as well as the improvement of raw materials and formulations on the successful production of a mercury-zinc free alkaline-manganese, zinc / silver manganese button-type batteries. Based on the discovery, the completion of the present utility model. ”

 

In this patent, the technical program to better the negative on the chip or indium tin plating and the elimination of a single pinhole surface prone to problems presented in this patent by plates of iron or stainless steel in negative film on the bare chip first nickel plating or copper, because of “a chemical nickel or copper, anode film battery,” and then in the chip of indium anode battery or tinning.

 

Using patented technology, the program has produced mercury free button batteries in 2002, which had been successful in achieving industrial production, the product of the mass market, buys the use of ‘well-known companies such as McDonald’s, and has received praise from environmental groups in the United States, reached a Sony, Toshiba, Hitachi, Panasonic and other multinational efforts for many years failed to achieve the technical objectives for protecting the ecological environment of mankind has made a significant contribution.

Introduction 1 battery is a UPS system is an important component of its direct impact on the bottom of the reliability of the whole UPS system. No matter how UPS designed for advanced features complete how, once the Laptop battery failure, even the best UPS is also unable to provide an uninterrupted power supply. Do not use inferior quality and cheap due to covet lead acid batteries, it will affect the reliability of the entire UPS system, and will therefore result in greater losses. Batteries entire UPS system mean time between failure (MTBF) over the game. If the use and proper maintenance, will be able to extend its life, instead of his life will be shortened. Therefore, we must understand the basic principles and considerations of the use of the battery.

   

Two general types of lead-acid batteries can be divided into lead acid batteries, maintenance free lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries, taking into account the load conditions, the use of environment, life and cost and other factors, typically chosen UPS VRLA maintenance free batteries. Its main feature is the load generated when the cathode side oxygen by chemical reaction in the negative to reduce water use life float specified without adding water to maintain, so called maintenance free lead-acid batteries. Maintenance free battery is only when compared to the normal process eliminates the need to add water or distilled water, adjust the surface of the electrolyte of the work is not relieved all maintenance work. Instead, to achieve the UPS uninterruptible power supply, we must be more careful in safeguarding and maintaining good lead-acid maintenance-free batteries.

   

Three main factors affect the life and warn us about the following important factors affecting the life of the hp Pavilion DV1000 battery and use the process should pay attention to the questions:

   

⑴ temperature greater impact on the battery. The ambient temperature is too high, the battery will overload produces gas, the temperature is too low, the battery will be pretty cool, it will affect battery life. Therefore, the general provisions of the ambient temperature around 25 ℃, UPS is also float temperature setting voltage. Practical applications, the battery is generally 5 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ in the office, below or above 5 ℃ to 35 ℃ will greatly reduce battery capacity and shorten battery life.

   

⑵ deep discharge of battery life also has a great influence. More depth of battery discharge, less the number of recycling activities, and should therefore avoid the use of depth of discharge. Although the UPS has a battery low protection potential, the general single-cell, when discharged to 10.5 V or more, UPS will automatically be closed. However, if the UPS is lightly loaded or discharge any discharge load may cause the depth of battery discharge.

   

⑶ batteries in the storage, transportation, installation, following the loss of part of the self-discharge capacity. Therefore, after installation before commissioning should be based on the open circuit voltage of the toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery to determine the remaining capacity of the battery, then a different approach to supplement charging batteries. Set aside extra batteries every 3 months should be an additional charge. Perhaps by measuring the voltage of the battery open circuit to determine if the battery is good or bad. For 12 V batteries, for example, if the open circuit voltage is above 12.5 V, the energy storage battery, said there are more than 80%, if the open circuit voltage less than 12.5 V You should immediately supplement charge. If the open circuit voltage less than 12V, the battery stores electrical energy, said less than 20%, the battery useless.

   

⑷ battery charge and discharge generally expressed C, C is the actual value associated with the battery capacity. For example, batteries 100AH, C = 100A. Matsushita Lead-acid maintenance-free battery charging current is 0.1C best on the market, the charging current can not exceed 0.3c. Charging current is too large or too small will affect apple M8403 battery life. The current requirements for general discharge of 0.05C between ~ 3C, UPS, normal use can satisfy this requirement, but must also prevent the occurrence of unexpected situations, such as the battery short-circuit and so on.

   

⑸ Load Voltage in the work of backup UPS battery, electricity is in the state of charge under normal circumstances, only the power outage is discharged. To extend the battery, UPS shippers typically use constant pressure to limit the control over the way, the battery is fully charged state to float after each section on the current float is set at 13.6 . If the charging voltage is too high causes the battery before charging, the battery is charging less than the contrary. The charging voltage abnormality may be caused by configuration errors caused by the battery or charger malfunction due. Therefore, when installing the battery, the battery must pay attention to the accuracy of the specifications and quantities of different specifications, different batches of cells do not mix. Do not use inferior charger, plus a charger, but also to consider when installing problem of heat dissipation. Currently, to further improve the life of the battery, UPS has developed and adopted a kind of ABM (Advanced Battery Management) three-stage program of intelligent BATCL50L battery management, ie load is divided over initialization, floating charge and rest three stages: the first step is constant load balance flows, recharge the battery capacity to 90%; second stage is floating Chong Chongdian load capacity battery at 100% and then stops charging, third step is a natural discharge at this stage, the battery using its own leakage current discharge, as the minimum voltage required, and then repeat these three steps. In this way, the nature of changes that were previously fully charged, even after the battery during the day to 24 hours of floating state, thereby extending battery life.

   

⑹ Following the interview without system battery electrolyte absorption in normal use will not produce any gas, but if the user is misused, causing the battery before recharging it will produce a gas, this time pressure increases the battery, battery pressure valve on top of open, burst out a serious cause of the battery.

   

⑺ UPS running the process, be careful to control the terminal value of battery voltage, current float value, each battery voltage, battery and the DC bus to ground resistance and the insulating state.

   

⑻ not individually increase or decrease the number of single charge of battery cells, resulting in the ability of imbalance single sony VGP-BPS2A battery charge and an uneven, reducing battery life.

   

⑼ the battery must be installed as far as possible in a clean, fresh, airy, dry, and avoid sunlight, radiators or other heat sources of radiation effects. Batteries should be placed on positive legislation, non-tilt. Each battery must be securely connected between the terminals.

 

⑽ regularly maintained. The battery in use after a certain time should be inspected regularly, as well as observations of their appearance is abnormal, measurement of the battery voltage is average and so on. If you are not a long term power outage, the battery is always in a state of charge, this would allow the activity of the deterioration of the battery. Thus, although power outages, UPS is also needed on a regular basis to test the discharge of the battery to make it active. Discharge test can usually be done in three months, the practice is UPS with a package - preferably 50% or more, then turn off the electricity, so that UPS is able to discharge the battery, the duration discharge by the battery capacity is usually in terms of a few milliseconds to tens of ms, the discharge to resume electricity supply, continue to charge the battery.

 

4 Conclusion and clearly understand the impact of lead-life battery acid, the main factors and the use of the procedure should pay attention to issues of our UPS system, use and maintenance of appropriate lead acid batteries are a great help. Hopefully, in their daily work, the proper use and maintenance of a good lead-acid batteries so as to obtain a more rational use.

Lithium-ion battery circuit protection includes over-load protection, more protection against overcurrent / short circuit and over-discharge protection, and requires great precision charging protection, protection IC with low power consumption electric volt high-voltage and zero batteries and other features. This paper describes the principle of the three protection circuits, new functions and features required.

 

In recent years, PDAs, digital cameras, cell phones, portable audio devices and Bluetooth products get more and more use of lithium batteries as main power. Li-ion Laptop battery has a small size, high energy density, no memory effect, the high cycle life, high-voltage batteries and the advantages of low self-discharge rate, and nickel-cadmium batteries in nickel metal hydride are not the same lithium batteries must consider the charge and discharge of security so as to prevent deterioration characteristic. To overload the lithium battery, over discharge, over current protection and short-circuit is very important is usually the design of the battery circuit protection to protect Li-ion battery.

 

Because lithium high energy density-ion battery, it is difficult to ensure the safety of the battery. In the most charged, the battery temperature increases after the excess energy, so the decomposition of the electrolyte produced gas because of the internal pressure of the danger arising from the spontaneous combustion or broken on the contrary, over-discharge state, due to the decomposition of the electrolyte causing the Dell Inspiron 5150 battery characteristics and the degradation of sustainability, thus reducing the number of charge cycles.

 

Lithium-ion battery circuit protection is to ensure that this excess charge and discharge state of security and to prevent deterioration characteristic. Lithium-ion battery circuit protection is protected by the CI and structure of two power MOSFETs, including the protection IC for monitoring the battery voltage when there is excessive charges and the discharge state to pass the order to fill the power MOSFET to protect the battery, protect the functions of the IC during the load protection, over-discharge protection and protection against overcurrent / short circuit.

 

1, an overload protection

 

The principle of over-charge protection IC as follows: When an external charger for lithium battery, when, to avoid a temperature rise caused by increased internal pressure must end the state of load. At this stage, the need to test the hp 417066-001 battery voltage to protect IC when the time comes to 4.25V (assuming that the point of overcharging 4.25V) which activate the over-load protection, the MOSFET power to cut through the opening and closing the load.

 

In addition, attention must also be the result of excessive noise generated by the perception of dysfunction detected if determined to be overload protection. Therefore, the need to adjust the delay and time delay can be shorter than the noise.

 

2, over-discharge protection

 

In the case of excessive discharge, the decomposition of the electrolyte in case of damage caused by the characteristics of the battery and cause a reduction in the number of charge cycles. Protection of lithium-IC with on-rejection phenomenon can be avoided to protect the battery.

 

Over-the principle of discharge protection IC: To avoid excessive sony VGP-BPS2A battery status at discharge, assuming that the lithium battery connected to the load when the voltage of the lithium battery is less than the highest - point of discharge voltage detection (assumed to be 2.3V) will activate the over-discharge protection, so that the power MOSFET transition from open-cut and the threshold of discharge, to avoid battery-phenomenon discharge, and keep the battery low quiescent current in standby mode, yet current 0.1μA.

 

When the lithium battery is connected to the charger and the battery voltage lithium is greater than this period of excessive discharge voltage, over-discharge protection is lifted. In addition, taking into account the conditions of discharge pulse, excessive discharge detection circuit with time delay to prevent malfunction.

 

3, the current and short-circuit current

 

For unknown reasons (discharge or negative by metallic objects inadvertently) caused by over-current circuit or short to ensure security, you should immediately cease its discharge.

 

Terms runway Principles of protection against overcurrent IC, when the discharge toshiba PA3399U-1BAS battery current is too large or too short occurs, the protection IC is turned off (short circuit) current protection, over current detection at the moment is to power MOSFET’s Rds (on) as a sensor monitoring the impedance voltage drop in the case, if the ratio set by the voltage-current detection is higher when the discharge stopped, the formula is:

V = I × Rds (on) × 2 (V-for over-current detection voltage, I is discharge current)

Suppose V = 0.2V, Rds () = 25mΩ, and protect the current size of I = 4A on

Similarly, too much time current detection delay should also be provided to prevent current flow generated when there are unexpected failures.

Usually, after the election of overheating if they can remove the excess current factors (such as the charge immediately and out) will resume its normal state, may proceed with the normal load, the discharge action.

 

4 new protection features of the lithium-IC’s

 

In addition to the protection feature of the lithium IC attention the following new battery features is also interesting:

a. Charging over-current protection

When connecting the charger suddenly aware (as the charger is damaged), on-circuit current detection immediately, this time from top to bottom Court, the MOSFET power to cut the open position for protection.

V = I × Rds () × 2

(I is the load current; Vdet4 on voltage-current detection, Vdet4 to-0.1V)

 

b. Overcharge when the lock mode

Usually protect the IC in the over-charging protection will be after a period of delay time, and then it will cut the power MOSFETs to achieve the goal of protection when the battery voltage lithium dropped in points Lifting (hysteresis voltage overload), when it will resume once again continue to impose protection →Discharge charge discharge. Security issues in this state will not be able to get an effective solution, lithium batteries will always repeat the charge discharge →Action load discharge gate MOSFET power will be repeated alternately at high and low voltage state, which could make the MOSFET heater but it also reduces the battery life, if the lock mode is very important. If the circuit of the lithium battery protection detects over-protection mode load locked, IC will not get hot, and the relative security has improved considerably.

In the over-load protection, simply plug the battery charger, the charging time will be entered into lock mode. At this stage, even if the voltage drops of the lithium battery can not produce the recharge of the situation, remove and connect to load and unload the load can be restored condition.

 

c. Reduce the size of the circuit protection component

Will overload and short circuit protection with an integrated capacitor delay for the protection of the IC inside to reduce the size of circuit protection components?

 

5, the protection requirements of IC performance

 

a. Overload protection, high accuracy

When the lithium-ion battery charging excessive state to avoid a temperature rise caused by increased internal pressure required for the threshold state of charge. Protection IC detects the cbattery voltage, when the overcharge is detected, then detection of over-charging power MOSFETs in order to cut the load threshold. At this point should be noted that over-voltage detection burden of high precision, battery charging, battery to a state is a danger of the user, taking into account security issues and should enable the voltage when the threshold state of charge. To simultaneously satisfy these two conditions, there must be a detector of high precision, accuracy of 25mV current detector, the accuracy will be improved.

 

b. In order to reduce IC power consumption to protect

With the increasing use of time was enough lithium power-voltage ion battery will gradually diminish the value of the last low specifications below, this time need to recharge. If you do not charge for continued use, may lead to excessive battery discharge Ershi is not used. To avoid too much discharge protection IC to detect the battery voltage, over-voltage detection of the landfill once they reach the following, you must cut the discharge of MOSFET power and the threshold discharge. But this time, the BATCL50L battery itself, there are still protecting the natural discharge and IC current consumption exist, therefore the need to protect the IC power consumption to a minimum.

 

c. Protection against overcurrent / short-circuit the need for low-voltage detection and precision requirements

Short circuits due to unknown causes must immediately stop selling them. Over-current detection is based on power MOSFET RDS (on) for the impedance of induction to follow the voltage drop of blood at the time when compared with a voltage-current detection is also high at namely, to stop selling them. To MOSFET’s Rds (on) in the current charge and discharge current is the effective use of time is needed for the impedance as low as possible, at present the impedance is approximately 20mΩ ~ 30mΩ, if the voltage-current detection may be lower.

 

d. Resistant to high voltage

Battery and charger to connect the instant the pressure will be generated if the protection must meet the requirements of high voltage IC.

 

e. Low VGP-BPS2B battery consumption

In the protection of the state, its current consumption of 0.1μA rest must be small.

 

f. Zero-Volt Rechargeable

Some batteries may be stored in the process because it takes too long or unusual causes of tension as low as 0V, and therefore need to protect the IC can be achieved when 0V load.

 

6, the protection IC Prospect

 

As mentioned previously, the future protection of integrated circuits should further enhance the detection voltage accuracy and reduce current consumption to protect and improve the CI function to prevent malfunctions and so on, and the charger to connect the terminal High voltage is also the focus of research and development. In the package, at present has been a gradual shift SOT23-6 package SON6 the future, there are CSP package, even COB products to meet the requirements highlighted in a word, light.

 

In functions, protect the IC does not require integration of all functions, according to different materials, to develop a single lithium Dell Latitude D830 battery protection IC, the coverage only if overloaded or over-discharge protection, which can significantly reduce the cost and size.

 

Of course, the functional components is a single crystal of the same goals, such as manufacturers of mobile phones today have been directed towards protecting the IC, charging circuit and power management IC, and other peripheral circuits and logic is a two chip chipset, but rather of power MOSFET’s open reduction of impedance of the circuit is difficult to integrate with other IC, even if it is made of a special single-chip technology, I fear the cost is too high. Therefore, protection of single crystal integrated circuits should take some time to resolve.