Digital battery

With technological progress and social development, such as mobile phones, laptops, MP3 players, PDAs, handheld game consoles, digital cameras and other portable devices has become increasingly popular, there are many of these products is used in lithium-ion battery-powered, while Because the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and other rechargeable batteries may be different, usually with an internal circuit, many people do not understand the role of the circuit this article will be the characteristics of lithium-ion Laptop battery and its protection circuit works to develop.

 

Li-ion battery is divided into two types of primary batteries and secondary batteries in some of the lowest power consumption in portable electronic products used primarily in a non-rechargeable lithium batteries, while in laptops, phones phones, PDAs, digital cameras and so on greater energy consumption electronic products use rechargeable secondary batteries, ie lithium-ion battery.

 

And nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride battery compared to lithium-ion batteries have the following advantages:

1, high voltage, single-cell lithium battery voltage to 3.6V Ion, far higher than the nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydride battery voltage of 1.2V metal.

2 volume density, the density of its capacity Ni-MH batteries or nickel-cadmium batteries 1.5-2.5 times.

3, retention of load (eg, a small self-discharge) in place well after the loss of his ability is low.

4, long life, use the normal cycle of life can reach more than 500 times.

5, no memory effect, charging the former did not short-circuiting the remaining capacity, easy to use.

As the chemical properties of lithium-ion IBM ThinkPad R52 battery, under normal use, its internal energy and chemical energy conversion between the positive reaction of chemicals, but in certain circumstances, such as its overload, over discharge and over-current lead to the battery Internal chemical side-reactions, side effects increase, it will seriously affect battery performance and life, and may generate a large number of gas, so that the pressure increases the internal battery soon after the explosion that led to security problems, then all lithium-ion batteries need a protection circuit, used for charging the battery and the condition of the discharge of effective control and under certain conditions, off-line loading and unloading to prevent damage to the battery.

 

The next picture shows a typical lithium-ion battery diagram circuit protection.

 

As indicated above, the road safety cage with two MOSFET (V1, V2) and a control IC (N1) and a number of RC element composition. Control IC is responsible for monitoring the Dell Latitude D830 battery voltage and current loop, and control two MOSFET’s Gate MOSFET switches in the circuit play a role in, respectively, to control the charging circuit and discharge circuit turn on and turn -off, the capacitor C3 for delay, the circuit on the load protection, over-discharge protection, over current protection and short circuit the function of protection, its work principle is as follows:

 

1, the normal state

In normal circuit N1 of the state “CO” and “no” feet high output voltage, two MOSFETs are in a state of conduction, the battery can be free to load and unload, because of MOSFET on - resistance is very low, generally smaller than 30 cents in Europe, so the resistance has little effect on circuit performance.

The protection circuit of the State microA level of current consumption, typically less than 7μA.

 

2, over-charging protection

Requirements of the lithium-ion battery charging method of the constant voltage constant current /, in the initial presentation, a constant current charging and the charging process, increase the voltage to 4.2 V (based on different cathode materials, and some batteries require constant voltage value of 4.1V) for a constant voltage until the current is smaller and smaller.

 

The battery is charging if the charger circuit out of control, will continue after the battery voltage exceeds 4.2 V constant charging current, the battery voltage will continue to increase at this time, when the battery voltage is charged more than 4.3V, the battery chemistry of the side effects will be aggravated and may lead to cell damage or safety problems.

 

In the battery with a protection circuit when the control IC to detect the battery voltage reaches 4.28V (This value for the control IC has decided that a different IC have different values), the “CO” PIN will high voltage variation is zero voltage V2 to the end of his tour on foot, thereby reducing off the charging circuit, so that the battery charger can not charge, played overload protection. V2 comes at a time due to the presence of the diode VD2 body, the hp F4812A battery can discharge the diode external loads.

In the control IC to detect the battery voltage exceeds 4.28V to return the signal between the V2, there is a time delay, the length of delay time is determined by C3, usually set at 1 second or two, to avoid interference caused by false judgments.

 

3, over-discharge protection

The process of discharging the battery on the external load, its voltage will be gradually reduced as the discharge process when the battery voltage to 2.5 V, its capacity has been completely shine, this time the load if the battery continues to discharge, the battery lead to permanent damage.

 

The process of discharging the battery when the control IC to detect the battery voltage drops below 2.3V (the value used by the control IC, IC have various different values), the “DO” PIN will be strong voltage variation is zero voltage, so that V1 amended by the turn-off, reducing outside the discharge circuit so that the battery can no longer discharged into the charges, has been over-discharge protection. V1 comes at a time due to the presence of the body diode VD1, charger through the diode can be charging the battery.

 

Due to over-discharge protection of a state of the sony VGP-BPS2 battery voltage can be reduced, which requires the consumption of the circuit current protection is very weak now control IC enters a low power state, all of the Consumer Protection power circuit is less than 0.1μA.

In the control IC to detect the battery voltage is below 2.3V to send off the signal between the V1, but there is also a time delay, the length of delay time is determined by C3, generally set at 100 milliseconds, to avoid interference from True or False.

 

4, over-current protection

As the chemical properties of lithium-ion battery, the battery manufacturer provides its maximum discharge current should not exceed 2C (C = Battery capacity / hour) when the battery discharge current of more than 2C would cause permanent damage to the battery or the safety problem.

 

Charge the toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery in the normal discharge process, the discharge current after a series of two MOSFETs, due to MOSFET on resistance, will produce a voltage at its ends, the voltage U = I * 2 * RDS RDS for single MOSFET on resistance, the IC control over the “V” pin of the voltage value for testing, where the load causes an exception for some reason, so that increases in current loop when the loop current is so large that U> 0.1V (the value of the control IC has decided that a different IC have different values), the “DO” PIN will be significant variation in voltage is a zero voltage, so that V1 disabled by the turn-on, cutting off the discharge circuit so that the loop current to zero, to play on-current protection.

In the control IC to detect over-current shutdown has to make between the signals V1, but there is also a time delay, the length of delay time is determined by C3, typically 13 milliseconds to avoid interference caused by false judgments.

In the process of control over, we can see that the value of the size of its over-current detection depends not only on CI control control value, but also depends on the MOSFET on resistance when the MOSFET on resistance, where most of the same control IC, the over-protection during the most value.

 

5, short-circuit protection

The process of discharging the apple A1079 battery to the load, if the loop is so large that U> 0.9 V (the value is determined by the control IC, IC have various different values), the control IC is considered that the load short-circuit the “DO” feet are rapidly changing the high voltage to zero voltage, so that V1 disabled by the turn-on, cutting and discharge circuit, playing short circuit protection. Short-circuit protection, a very short time period, usually less than 7 microseconds. ’s how it works with the methods of over-current protection is similar, but different in determining the length of time protection is not the same.

 

More detailed single-cell lithium battery operates ion protection circuit, multiple-series Lithium-principle of ion battery protection Similarly, will not go above the control circuits used in integrated circuits Series Ricoh R5421 Japan, in the circuit the battery real protection, there are many other types of control IC, such as S-8241 Seiko Japan Series, Japan Series MM3061 MITSUMI, the Taiwan-rich and crystal FS312 series FS313, the Taiwan AAT8632 series of analog technology, and so on, his works very much the same, but some differences in specific settings, some IC controls to safeguard the external circuit, the capacitor filter and the delay of chip capacitors to achieve its peripheral circuits can be very small, like Japan Seiko S-8241 series.

 

In addition to controlling IC circuit there is an important component, is the MOSFET, it acts as a switch in the circuit, because cascade directly between the VGP-BPS9/B battery and the external load, so it’s on the strength of the performance of cells are the impact of MOSFET with a choice of better quality, on-resistance is low, the internal resistance of the battery is low, with a transport capacity is also strong in the exercise of their electricity consumption is also less.

 

With the development of technology, portable devices get smaller and smaller, and as this trend of lithium-ion battery needs protection circuit size are becoming smaller in the last two years have seen the day in the control IC and MOSFET integrated protection of integrated circuit products, such as the series DA7112 dialog, and some manufacturers even the whole package of circuit protection in a small size of the IC, such as product MITSUMI company.

In the 21st century, the world’s energy saving problem of reducing emissions is very important, while the height of the information age of high automotive, high technology, good conditions for the development of another, so that the global automotive industry, appeared in two types of innovative ways: First, attach importance to technology to traditional internal combustion engine vehicle a significant improvement, the second is actively engaged in developing new energy vehicles, particularly the development of electric car development and industrialization. Electric Vehicles and vehicle fuel cell in the global automotive industry, the future development of vehicles and the theme for the competition and electric vehicles as a key vehicle batteries to power new car, auto giants are and the reasons leading manufacturer of Laptop battery, but they have announced investment plans and production workload, triggering a boom car battery investment.

 

Electric vehicle batteries on board a new energy

 

The overall development of electric vehicle battery technology in two major aspects: first, the two existing time the battery should be improved; second is to develop new fuel cells. Currently the majority of electric vehicle battery is still at relatively cheap price of lead acid batteries and other traditional products, but with technological advances and cost effective control of production, batteries lithium and nickel-light metal hydride battery, mileage long life and high energy density and production benefits are gradually being power, which will become the heart of development. Experts predict that by 2015 the global market demand for batteries of hybrid cars will increase three times with a total value reached 23 billion U.S. dollars in 2009, first used in hybrid cars on lithium-ion batteries may occupy the entire half of the IBM ThinkPad X60 battery market. Japanese car giant is expected in the United States and Europe around the year 2010 will be officially in the lithium-ion batteries on passenger cars.

 

1) The vehicle fuel cell on demand. Fuel cells use a variety of fuels, which may be petroleum-based fuels, can also be an organic fuel, and can use, including renewable fuels, including virtually all elements of hydrogen fuel. Been transformed into hydrogen fuel, with its hydrogen fuel cell fuel cell conversion of fuel energy law Carnot cycle limit, thermal efficiency can reach 34% ~ 40%.

 

Different types of fuel cells use different electrolytes are acidic, alkaline, molten salts or solid electrolytes. In the fuel cell fuel and oxidizer through the catalyst in the process of energy conversion, production of electricity through the electrochemical reaction and water (H2O), therefore, does not produce ‘oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and hydrocarbons (HC) and so on air pollution emissions from the environment.

 

Currently, for the combustion engine powered vehicles has become one of the harmful gas emissions, the main source of emissions. Experimental Evidence: When the new vehicle to use natural gas, hydrogen fuel cells as fuel VGP-BPS9 rather than gasoline engines, internal combustion, CO2 emissions can be reduced up to 72%. However, if fuel cells replace the internal combustion engine, the technology of fuel cells, not only to comply with strict legislation on emissions vehicle requirements, but also provide the same convenient and flexible for users end transportation solutions. Drive vehicles, fuel cells must be able to quickly reach operating temperature, with economic benefits and can provide stable performance. It must be said cell proton exchange membrane fuel is best placed to meet these requirements, lower operating temperature can quickly reach the required temperature. As can quickly adapt to a variety of different needs, and about 25% of the efficiency of internal combustion engine, compared to their effectiveness can be as high as 60%. Studies have shown that cells with methanol fuel, fuel consumption is to use gasoline for internal combustion engines of vehicles to 1.76 times. In the existing fuel cells, fuel proton exchange membrane cell power density of the most important. When people in the vehicle for special attention to the design of space is maximized, this factor is essential. In addition, the solid polymer electrolyte may help reduce potential corrosion and safety management. The only potential problem is the fuel quality to avoid contamination of the catalyst at low temperature, fuel cell proton exchange membrane must be used without polluting hydrogen fuel.

 

2) Lithium-ion batteries and lithium-polymer and objects (LIP) battery. Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion) batteries developed from a lithium Dell Inspiron B130 battery. Material Lithium MnO2 cathode or thionyl chloride, lithium anode. After completing assembly of the battery is the battery voltage at no charge. This battery can be charged, but the cycle performance is not good in the charge-discharge cycle over the formation of lithium dendrites, causing internal short-circuit the battery, under normal circumstances the battery Management is prohibited. Later, the Japanese Sony invented the carbon anode materials, lithium-containing compounds to make positive, the charge-discharge process, there is no lithium metal and lithium-ion does, which is Lithium-ion battery. When the battery is charging, the lithium positive ion generation, resulting in movement of lithium ions through the electrolyte to the cathode. As the anode carbon multilayer structure, it has a lot of micro, lithium-ion anode embedded in the porous carbon layer, the integrated lithium-ion plus more carrying capacity. Similarly, when the discharge of the battery (ie, the process of using the battery), which is incorporated in the layer of carbon cathode of lithium-ion extrusion, but also the movement back to positive. Back to the cathode of lithium-ion battery plus the largest discharge capacity. Commonly called “battery capacity refers to the discharge capacity. LII and LiP battery is the newest technology batteries, lithium chemical processes involved in organic electrolyte ions Li in the carbon anode in lithium metal and lithium compounds, running between the cathode. Developed by LiI batteries using cathode lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO), the negative is very high capacity hard carbon online carbon material to form a single cylindrical cell (diameter 67 mm, length 410 mm) by set of eight composition of a standard component. Weight 29 kg Voltage 28.8 V, capacity of 100 Ah, the specific energy of 100 W? H / kg. Only charging voltage of 4.2 V hp Pavilion dv4000 battery, full-time load is 2.5 h, the power density of up to 300 W / kg, to about Ni-H 2 times. LIP is a state of “solid” battery, which uses a lithium metal or pure lithium in the carbon anode, the use of high conductivity of the solid polymer electrolyte. The unique nature of the electrodes for lips and polymer is very thin, the thickness of a unit is only 0.01 cm, the equivalent of a “transparent tape” thick. May be packaged in any form, can drive and installed in the cylinder, may also piled up a block of apartments. LiP unit battery voltage 3 V (NiMH battery 1.2 V) so that 12 V batteries lip may be composed of four single-cell battery 14 V Lip.

 

Canada Hydroquébec Electric Company and 3M, the joint development of the lips for the batteries of electric cars to work at 60 ℃ to obtain high conductivity in solid polymer electrolyte, so that better performance of the battery, its energy density 120 W? H / kg. Nissan Hyper Mini electric vehicle using high density and light quality lithium-ion batteries, their energy density batteries, lead acid 3 times, 1.5 times the nickel-metal hydride sony VGP-BPS5 battery can load and unload 1 200 times. Load simple, non-contact charging method, you can simply roll the plastic into a high output power of ordinary frequency, you can connect. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have developed a new type of cathode materials for lithium battery, lithium batteries can produce lighter and prices lower, while the energy conversion more efficient. Using a replacement aluminum parts are usually made of cobalt cathode, the lithium produces a higher voltage than normal. As the density of aluminum small and inexpensive, thereby reducing the quality and cost of the entire battery.

 

3) Ni - MH battery. It is also a type of alkaline batteries, the nominal voltage of 1.2 V, the specific energy can reach 70 ~ 80 W? H / kg, will extend the mileage of electric cars. That the power of 200 W / kg, is the lead acid batteries twice may improve the performance of starting the vehicle, and acceleration. Features a high discharge rate, a short period of time can be 3 C discharge, the instantaneous rate of discharge pulses much. Ni - MH over-charging and over-discharge performance is good, may be responsible charge and can fast charge, within 15 minutes in up to 60% charge, 1 h may be completely filled in the additional period of Emergency care is short. In 80% depth of discharge, cycle life can reach 1 000 times more than lead acid batteries 3 times. All closed-shell, you can work in a vacuum environment. Better performance at low temperature can be stored longer. Ni - MH are not heavy metals like lead and cadmium do not pollute the environment, Ni - MH toshiba PA3191U-3BRS battery can be charged with leaving it with no nickel - cadmium in the absence of discharge after finished charging electricity to the “memory effect”.

 

2-car electric vehicle battery is the bottleneck technique

 

The ultimate development of the new direction of energy vehicles purely electric vehicles and electric vehicles to fuel cell, while the current market outlook is the most hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) especially the broad perspective PHEV, its maximum technical difficulty is precisely the vehicle battery. Pure Car battery is running in bus lanes, and some carmakers are beyond the pure cell prototype car, but because the level of battery power and price reasons, not in the car on a wide range of applications . Vehicle fuel cell are currently part of a basic theory and practical skills while promoting high-tech products, while the global automotive industry, a more coherent vision, from a historical trend and realistic to consider the scientific development, it will be the future of the electric car industry is also the best final product. Currently, a fuel cell powered electric + electric hybrid car has more to occur. This will temporarily reduce its technology to fuel cell requirements of lithium-compensated ion apple A1079 battery, it can be said that hybrid vehicles in the longer term transition, leading to a real cell vehicle fuel is an issue course. Hybrid technology is an important part of the strategy for energy research and development of automotive batteries, countries are wrestling competition to advance a breakthrough. In 1991, the U. S. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have created an electric car “Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), co-developed needs a new generation of high-energy batteries and heavily subsidized by the U.S. Department of Energy. In recent years the government U.S. has also provided 3 100 dollars to accelerate research into this technology. The foreseeable future, new energy vehicles PHEV is an important development direction.

 

3 warlords market investment vehicle battery becomes mainstream lithium batteries

 

In the field of lithium batteries is the global market share of first place in Sanyo Electric of Japan to start mass production in 2009. From the beginning of 2006, Sanyo to join the Volkswagen Group in Germany, a new generation of nickel - systems hydride batteries. Volkswagen is currently jointly developed specifically for hybrid vehicle battery high capacity Lithium, and is ready to be in 2012, the use of vehicles environmentally friendly. Toyota Motor Corporation jointly Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., a substantial increase in the Aspire 3000 battery environment friendly hybrid car. Toyota and Matsushita Battery co-funded manufacturing enterprises “PanasonicEV energy (hereinafter PEVE) will build a mainstream production of nickel - plant hydride batteries, the large investment of about 300 billion yen is expected to put into service in 2011, an annual production capacity of around 300,000 car batteries. This series of initiatives to increase the total investment of about 700 billion yen. At the same time, Toyota also accelerate research and development at a lower cost mass production of next generation lithium-ion battery technology. PEVE will invest in new production of next generation lithium-ion battery plant, and strengthen the existing installation Ni - MH battery capacity. These measures will accelerate the environmental strategy and achieve Toyota hybrid production to reach its global vehicle output 1 / 10 targets.

 

To catch up to Toyota, Nissan and NEC have started joint production of car batteries. Nissan and NEC will jointly cost 20000000000 yen (about $ 194 million) in the mass production of the first world of hybrid cars and electric vehicles and other environmentally dedicated lithium-ion batteries. The new joint venture plant in early 2009 formally put into operation, the initial production of lithium batteries will be able to provide 1 million hybrid electric vehicles use, future production will increase by five times. Nissan began in 1992 on board lithium-ion VGP-BPS9A/B battery research and development. 2000, the company co-operation with NEC to jointly develop lithium thin-ion battery technology. In May 2008, Nissan Motor and NEC and its subsidiaries NECTokin joint venture company - Automotive Energy Supply Corporation (AESC) began operations around the same time, Nissan and its French partner Renault to provide the lithium battery. 2 shots from 2010 in Japan and the U.S. market for electric cars.

Development of electric cars and hybrid vehicles in the automotive industry in energy shortages in the world and its changing lifestyle need to find a way out of your move. Europe and the United States on alternative fuel vehicles in the current development of new energy is different. Characteristics of the island of Japan geographical influence their consumption habits, has developed a new bus station and convenient charging for development for the city driving a small electric car for the entire national acceptance.

 

4 Conclusions

 

Currently includes the Toyota Prius hybrid cars, including the use of Ni - MH VGP-BPS13 battery, but the efficiency of the battery technology is regarded as having reached the limit, while the lithium-ion batteries due to have a low light weight, high capacity and high power and other advantages of being in North America, Europe and Asia, auto makers favor, is expected to field lithium-ion batteries will also gradually replace nickel - hydride batteries. Currently, the leading countries have a deposit of more than 20 lithium-ion battery research and development, while Toyota and Ford and other carmakers are clear that the future of its hybrid car will use lithium-ion rechargeable battery.

 

The future increase in demand for portable devices, and can be multi-processing task in recent years, the average consumer to use “small parts” of the market expansion will promote the growth of lithium batteries ion battery market, light electric vehicles and electric vehicles and other new applications are for the lithium-ion battery in the dynamic high growth industry and the car lithium-ion battery market next 5 to 7 years continue to grow. 2016 value of total production of lithium-ion battery market is expected to challenge 10 billion U.S. dollars, the lithium-ion batteries are also broad prospects for developing lithium-ion battery room huge industry electrolyte imagination.

Portable using a period of time longer prone to the problem of declining capacity of the battery, leading to the life of the battery cell shortened. This is essentially internal batteries or battery failure caused by aging. In severe cases, the use of calibration procedures of the Laptop battery or the battery charge and discharge are repeated to solve the problem. For this issue, there are many fans that the shell of the battery opens, find and replace the batteries may be unable to solve the problem. The current situation is really the case?

Replacement batteries must be cautious

 

Since the laptop is now a greater use of lithium-ion batteries, while the life of lithium-ion battery is essentially constant, and its battery life of only 500 to 800 times. Therefore, if often use battery-powered laptop, later, 1 ~ 2 years, the battery is easy to achieve because of the internal life of the batteries fail. As we open the battery when the battery test is represented in one or two batteries damaged. However, due to other cells that is about it, even if you replace the batteries fail, the battery can be quickly returned to normal, will soon fail for other batteries and battery life can be full used again.

 

Then, all of the laptop Dell Latitude D820 battery to replace all the internal capacity to solve the problem? In fact, it’s hard. Because in the original cell, after its internal batteries game specifically, if the battery capacity, the terminal voltage and internal resistance of the consistency property. We bought on the market in batteries, and have not been tested and matching, we can not for the amateur conditions, combined batteries, so its capacity, internal resistance and other parameters vary inevitable. In the internal battery, batteries are in series between them after the load (in most notebook battery, is 8 cells were divided into two groups, four in series and then parallel to form a battery pack) due to the battery charging current from which the smaller capacity batteries will be the first total power, but not enough because the other battery, the battery terminal voltage can not create voltage load circuit will continue to charge the battery pack. In this way, the batteries supply the original track will be overloaded. To reduce the charge time, laptop charging circuit load current is very high, so will charge batteries when the tremendous heat, so that the batteries inside the liquid temperature increases, pressure increased, the internal electrolyte easily dry up or overflow, leading to a further decline in cell capacity, there is a swelling or even an explosion. The total capacity of the battery capacity by the decisions that smaller batteries, so that would create a vicious circle, after repeated charge-discharge capacity of the whole battery would be considerably reduced, which leads the ‘Time use laptop.

 

At the same time, a number of laptop batteries to prevent unauthorized users from opening to replace the batteries, has a microchip and an anti-line off Cape. As the hull of the hp 417066-001 battery or batteries to open the line of the battery Remove the card and smart circuit protection will cease production of the battery. Even if we re-take the battery circuit of the battery and close the battery chamber, its smart protection is still not recovering. In this way, the battery will not work out. We need to re-reset the smart chip to solve this problem, but a condition amateur can not reset the chip to chip. Therefore, replace the batteries when the battery can cause permanent damage.

 

So how can we solve the battery problem? The best way of course, is to buy a new battery of origin, but now a new original equipment batteries for hundreds or even thousands of dollars, this cost is too high, higher than many consumers can afford. However, there are a number of professional station laptops repair, equipment and technology are good, but there are repair stations and manufacturers of batteries existence of long-term cooperative relations, the VGP-BPS8 battery can be made corresponding precision. This would maintain the quality. In these places for the price of batteries is about 300 yuan, although it compares to replace the batteries of their own at higher prices, but it can protect the long-term use of the battery. In addition, some service stations are also carried out repairs for six months before the battery warranty. We use these six months, while there are a hundred times or two to ensure the battery charge and discharge, and battery capacity and stability during this period, then after the battery is about to enter a stable period is not easily damaged.

 

The trick to keep the battery

 

In any case, replace the batteries do not require us to pay a little more, so we must be aware in their daily use to maintain the battery to extend battery life. To protect the battery, first reduce the number of battery, which means it is electricity to the extent possible not to use the toshiba PA3399U-2BAS battery. This can reduce the number of loading and unloading of the battery to extend battery life. Although this use to a few drawbacks, but think of you each time you use the battery, it must pay two dollars, be prudent in the summer bar.

 

Battery internal structure diagram

 

Calibration procedures battery can extend the battery life has been a debated issue. Support of people think that the calibration of the battery can eliminate the memory effect of batteries to extend battery life. Opponents argued that now use lithium-ion batteries have no memory effect, if the correction procedures will only increase the number of loading and unloading of the battery and shorten the life of battery. In fact, two types of agreement are incomplete. While the reduced lithium-ion battery memory effect, but the memory effect still exists. Calibrating the battery may actually reduce the memory effect, but this is not the most important function of calibrating the battery main procedure is to establish the battery and control circuit, in order to optimize the control circuit can correctly identify the capacity of the battery to avoid overcharging or over-rejection phenomenon. At the same time, you can also ensure that the apple A1079 battery is exhausted before the system closed to protect data security. However, frequent use of calibration procedures of the battery would indeed increase the battery charge and discharge time. Therefore, we once every three months or if the calibration procedure of the drums on it. We use energy from the battery when the laptop or adapter to charge the battery, disconnect the battery cell. Regardless of the battery is charged or discharged state, the current is very important if we try to connect the battery, it is easy to produce electrical sparks, not only will the removal of contact, the impact of the current May also cause the board of the battery or system portable charging circuit damage.

In addition, many people there are some misconceptions about the use of the battery. Such as “newly purchased batteries need to go through a few charge-discharges to enable,” “laptop battery needs to full output:” In fact, Li-ion battery memory effect with the reduction and improving battery protection circuit internally. These factors affect the capacity of the battery was very low, and we only run the calibration procedures of battery on a regular basis will be able to eliminate the impact of these Operations on the stack, we must not wait for that, and that more carefully your laptop, after all, the battery is presented useful.

Thirdly, key initiatives aimed at solving environmental problems is the full implementation of the policy of recycling batteries

 

China is actively pursuing the circular economy, waste batteries can be recycled to 90%, but the industrial policy of China does not waste battery recycling a good development space, resulted in their becoming long-term problem bottleneck in the development of China Battery. China is not a lead-acid battery management of waste recycling, legal standards, the country was not prepared to conduct business waste professionals acid battery recycling, not a business or professional secondary battery recycling lead companies to establish a national network and a network of regional collection, recovery of all the work is the decentralized management state of unrest, the recovery rate of waste lead-acid batteries n ‘ is not high. Problems recovery of lead in non-standard commercial rehabilitation and strengthening of management is imperative, the state departments concerned should the policy as soon as possible, as the ban small coal mines, small smelt, as after a waste recycling lead small businesses. At the same time put in place policies to encourage and support large-scale manufacturers of Dell Inspiron 5150 battery recycling used batteries. Limiting the development of secondary industry to lead China are main factors: first, the cost burden of environmental protection equipment. Companies with advanced technology, the protection of the environment and well equipped to benefit the company not modify the technological backwardness of the serious pollution of the city “lead smelting small.” Second, surveillance is not enough. None business license is also under secondary lead production, correction palliative, were closed for “low melting lead, the wind is over, the resurgence. Thirdly, industrial policy is not conducive to business informal. Tax too heavy also undermined an advance regenerated large enterprises to increase the capacity of environmental governance. 

 

Fourth, the development trend of China’s lead-acid battery industry

 

Discharge is more than one hundred years old lead-acid batteries due to low cost materials, simple technology, the technology is mature, self is low, maintenance free characteristics of needs in the decades to come, still dominant in the market although the starter used, the power market space battery in May will be a turning point in the near future the development of domestic industry will remain dominant in the medium term will also be a place in the long term without is necessary to use high weight ratio of energy continue to exist. Currently, its major application areas of origin such as motorcycle motor, power supply parts, etc. in the substantial growth, but also in new application areas such as electric bicycles, buses can be used such as the development of valve-regulated development of hp Pavilion DV1000 battery technology to meet the high technology, such as UPS, power and communications equipment, food needs. As the lead acid battery technology continues to advance, making the electric bike industry, tremendous development, and to fuel cars and fuel to reduce pollution from motorcycles to make a contribution. Maintenance free technique, drawing technology in the grid net for the rapid development of the automotive industry. We can say in these applications in lead-acid battery technology advances to improve the competitiveness of the country has made real contributions.

 

Power tools, electric bicycles and other industries demand for small mobile battery industry has spurred the rapid growth momentum. Electric bicycle battery set most VRLA batteries after a performance improvement, energy and life cycle of a breakthrough, but so far remain in the high flow rate that energy is not quite high, deep-cycle life is not long enough gap largely affected the rapid growth of the electric bicycle industry.

 

Electric bicycle as a means of transport in less developed countries in recent years, rapid development, particularly in China. From 2000 to 290,000 in 2005 developing 12.09 million, the rate of average annual growth of 174%. It is expected that in the future for a long period of time, the batteries of electric bikes products will flourish. China’s Electric Power batteries bicycles used lead-acid batteries for more than 95%. 2006 Electric Bicycle sony VGP-BPS2 battery capacity of 40 to 50 billion by 2015, the output of electric vehicles in China will reach 1,000 billion yuan, including 16.0 billion supporting cells. The secondary market to replace the battery 480 billion, which is a huge market.

 

5, lead to China industrial battery acid, the direction of development envisaged

 

⑴ encourage bigger and stronger, improving the degree of industry concentration

 

To upgrade industry clustering effect, actively respond to various market risks, with equipment, manpower, technology, and effective integration, reduce waste, training of the optimization structural product additional columns for increased investment in efforts to protect the environment, an effective solution to pollution problems in the production process and further strengthen the leading companies in overall strength and realize the magnitude and Development group.

 

⑵ upward trend of lead acid batteries

 

To seize market to expand the size of the lead industry of toshiba PA3421U-1BRS battery acid, and strive for annual production of 2010 of approximately 131.75 million KVAh, sales income of 66 billion yuan.

 

⑶ be development-lead acid batteries

 

Although the lead acid battery technology continues, but the specific power, cycle life and other issues is always the emphasis on industry issues. Therefore, increased efforts in R & D efforts to improve the level of scientific research to enhance competitiveness are the only way for industrial development. Across the bridge and link between the role of the Association, and vigorously for businesses to create a platform for exchange and communication with the upper lead, partitions and other downstream industries, such as vehicles form an electrical and mechanical joint research and development, a group formed to unite foreign ALABC or a similar alliance to jointly research and development and strengthen R & D capability.

 

⑷ accelerate the adjustment of product structure, standardize the market recovery and regeneration

 

Increase the proportion of new products, develop sound and resource efficient products, focusing on the development of sealed maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, the phasing out of open-type batteries. Lead acid batteries to accelerate the technological transformation of enterprises, the use of process equipment for advanced and effective monitoring of the production process problems of environmental pollution, to achieve higher production clean. Encourage colloidal lead-acid batteries, winding type bipolar lead-acid batteries, and other new types of apple A1079 battery research and development, improve the use of more power and lead to regulate the market lead - Recovery of acid batteries and recycling, reducing waste lead-acid batteries of environmental pollution, noise oriented and resource management.

 

⑸ expand, standardize the export market to avoid trade frictions

 

A careful study of the international market demand, the range of export products appropriate adjustments to reduce the export price of competitive products, development of new applications and markets. Occupy the market share of low price, it exports the lead acid BATBL50L6 battery blow to China. At the same time, may be subject to foreign anti-dumping lawsuits, resulting in higher product has been imposed anti-dumping duties, loss of self-rising prices fair. Therefore, the Association should play in regulating the order of foreign trade and industrial development in the role of coordination to protect the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises, establish a standard order of competition to prevent abusive behavior cheap exports. Also studied the relevant policies of the country’s target market to consider establishing manufacturing bases abroad.