Digital battery

I. Introduction

 

Centralized procurement of equipment for telecommunications operators face tough competition in the market, the inevitable choice to reduce costs, manufacturers of VGP-BPS8B VGP-BPS9 batteries to be able to focus on the subject of bids won the price decline is the preferred option. To maintain a reasonable profit margin, major battery manufacturers have launched a series of lower production costs, improving processes, product performance battery produced positive or negative impact. Production process by improving the production of lead products of battery acid, but still meet the specification of life and ability, but maintenance of batteries issued new requirements.

 

Secondly, process-lead acid battery production

 

Lead-acid process of battery manufacturing is as follows:

 

Figure 1: Diagram of production of lead acid battery

 

Lead acid batteries in material costs constitute the largest lead, the material costs. A certain battery capacity, the weight of lead is fixed assets. With the plate in molten lead generation active ingredient into a crucial lead acid production process of batteries. In the case of the quality assurance of lead powder, the chemical processes that directly determines the composition of the electrode active material. IBM ThinkPad R50 battery  IBM ThinkPad R51 battery

 

2, the battery of key indicators

 

According to the operator of the offer “communication power, cooling to maintain complete technical specifications and test methods” battery of key indicators are:

 

1, charging voltage: according to manufacturers’ requirements, float voltage is usually 2.23 ~ 2.28V / cell, were charging voltage 2.30 ~ 2.35V / cell.

 

2 homogeneity: after charging the battery, the float period of time (three months) after every single cell of each voltage at the battery terminals must not exceed the average of 0.05V.

 

3, the throughput and capacity: In the time period specified, at 10 am a multiple of calculating the rate of discharge current, discharge to the required termination voltage can release the security until the number of hours. Such as the 10-hour rate of discharge up to 1.8 V / cell, should be able to fulfill 10 hours. Dell Latitude D810 battery  Dell Latitude D820 battery

 

4, the battery life: valve lead acid batteries throughout the state of normal operation of the float, 2V series of life of not less than 8 years, 6V and 12V series of life of not less than 6 years.

 

In addition, the operator “communicative power to maintain order” on lead-acid battery maintenance requirements made detailed provisions, but with the “communicative power, cooling to maintain complete technical specifications and methods of ‘test’, without any demand on the life cycle of the battery, no clear cell charge and discharge management and maintenance of various effects on the real life.

 

3, the production process on the performance of the stack

 

In the product can be obtained on the basis of the above specifications, to reduce production costs, the manufacturer of the battery production continues to improve. To improve the quality of the results of pairs of cells to produce a positive or negative, this article will deal only generally regarded as having a negative impact on a number of process improvements: PB991A PB992A

 

1, the bottom plate thickness

 

Plate including the grid and attached to the grid on the composition of active substances. Grid support material for the lead alloy, such as lead-calcium alloys. Plate coated with lead paste on the grid, through training to become active substances, active substances are generally about 32% of plate thickness. To respond to the strength in terms of a material grid of light can be used to reduce the thickness of the plate. As the discharge capacity of a pile-up can not reduce the weight of the active substance, thereby increasing the proportion of active material on the grid to reduce the thickness of the equivalent of a number of manufacturers of ‘factory of the battery plate active material to increase the proportion to 45%.

 

For example, the initial process, the plate thickness of 3.6 mm, the thickness of the grid of 2.4 mm equivalent, the 1.2 mm active substances, using light gate metal, the sheet thickness reduced to 2.8 mm, saving 23% of the intake of lead, shown in Figure 2. PA3191U-3BRS PA3285U-2BRS

 

In charge of the battery and the discharge process, a grid of gradual erosion. Plates thinner, longer life cycle. Based on experience, density of 1.27 under acidic conditions, the plate thickness of 3.6 Battery 100% DOD cycle life of up to 850 times the thickness of the plate battery cycle from 2.7 to 100% DOD life is only 450 times, but around 300 times the requirements lifecycle [1].

 

2, increasing the density of acid sites

 

Telecommunications room commonly used AGM batteries for the lean liquid-type lead-acid batteries, because sulfuric acid is involved in chemical reactions, so a certain capacity batteries, sulfuric acid content can be reduced and water not participating in the reaction discharge in May to appropriately reduce the amount of water. Reducing the amount of water increases the density of the acid, the battery smaller, reducing weight can reduce the cost of housing materials for the battery, the internal connections of the cost of transportation. Density of acid and later, a box-board unit in contact with sulfuric acid active substances can be increased, the capacity of the original A1008 A1012 battery capacity and discharge current can be improved. The traditional handicrafts produced by the density of battery acid AGM 1.28g/cm3, many manufacturers will be given to raising the 1.36g/cm3, illustrated in Figure 3.

 

25 ℃, Lead-voltage battery acid from the acid site density of 0.85 openings. Density of acid, the battery open voltage was increased, therefore, require a higher float voltage, otherwise the current fleet is too small, not enough to offset the loss of self-discharge and long-term float voltage lead to loss of battery capacity or failure.

 

Adequate increase of the thickness of the positive plates, reduced the density of the electrolyte, choose the best constant pressure to limit the charge voltage limit can improve the life cycle of the battery [1]. Without raising the float voltage conditions, increased density of the electrolyte will shorten the life cycle of the battery.

 

3, to improve the density of the initial acid

 

To change the valve regulated lead-plates of the battery acid in the concentration of electrolytes with different concentrations of the electrolyte electrode assembly produced by the battery, through the experiences of the electrolyte concentration was found high 1.120g/ml of the 1.075g/ml when the battery discharge increased 610min to 655min, no significant reduction of life cycle [3]. BATBL50L6 LCBTP03003

 

When the training when the initial density of acid site was raised after the plaque formation of lead dioxide positive reduction of lead dioxide of the α, β increases lead dioxide. Dioxide as the α and β such that lead is the relationship between the branches and leaves, making β battery capacity of lead dioxide, so a wage increase in the density of the initial acid, the method can improve the initial capacity of the battery. Consequently, when the production of a specific capacity of batteries, it can reduce the amount of lead used, α is the reduction of lead dioxide, Figure 4 is a diagram to help understand this relationship.

 

Playing a supporting role as the reduction of lead dioxide of α in the process of deep cycle, α involved in the rejection reaction of lead dioxide, the burden of restoring the lead dioxide became β, so that positive plate to soften and shorten the life cycle of the battery. Therefore, using this process is the production of batteries, should not be too deep-cycle, the general depth of discharge should not exceed 40%.

 

4, lowering the formation temperature

 

With a smaller current and 40 ℃, or if the cycle of better battery life at 25 ℃ in a larger battery capacity [4]. In fact, right in the temperature control, and right in the initial density of acid site is similar, but also affects the positive plate of α and β content of lead dioxide, and therefore have an impact on the cycle of A1060 M8403 battery life. The general acceptance of the validation of product lifecycle capacity battery rather than the factors under the influence of a temperature below the formation to increase the battery capacity is understandable.

 

5, inside and outside the training

 

Production of batteries in the process of chemical conversion process is the key. Chemically, there are two methods:

 

In training: The Ministry of Health, after assembled in the finished product is the battery. As some of the quality of the step plate in the direction of health is not easy to find, as the plate bending, peeling, baking powder, bulk, a cathode plate for rust stains iron and so on, therefore the requirements of quality control in a note.

 

Outer training: first in a unified health board, then cooked in a meeting right board in the battery. External chemical process other two methods of election materials, can be put on the problem of false negatives were found not bound by health and plaque; second, then one by one in a good patch test not bound by a baking of nonconforming product.

 

For large valve regulated lead-plates of the VGP-BPS9A VGP-BPS9A/B battery acid to compare the chemical processes internal or external, as in the chemical quality was no obvious difference, but in the process of production quality control, timely discover things about the quality problems [2]. As the outside once in need of more investment in plant and equipment, many manufacturers choose to cut costs in the process of chemical inputs, the more individual differences in the battery factory in the battery outside the large, self-discharge in varying degrees, sensitive to lag behind the battery. In the long term when the float car battery discharge a large accumulation of sulphate growing lead, lead sulfate will produce a characteristic micro-melting phenomenon of re-crystallization, recrystallization lead sulfate n ‘ is not easy to restore, resulting in loss of capacity and backward.

 

6, plate and cathode Hongdan

 

With lead paste positive in 10% of Pb3O4 (red wire), can reduce the time of entry and make the process dioxide to produce more β-lead in order to strengthen the capacity of lead batteries acid early. As the chemical process takes place three charge 2, not only a huge consumer of energy, but also need more factory space being built into the battery. Shorten training time can increase production efficiency, but also some manufacturers have reduced the costs of improvements.

 

As Hongdan the battery in the process generate more β-sheet of lead dioxide positive is relatively soft, will seriously affect the U4873 D5318 battery life.

 

7, using a partition of high saturation

 

Saturation refers to the partition of the acid in the glass fiber (AGM) of separation in the level of saturation, Figure 5 for schematic.

 

When the score is 100% saturation, we can maximize the use of active electrode material, reducing material costs, but in the process of pricing, because the precipitation of oxygen and the positive plate the liquid in the upper space to reach the negative oxygen evolving complex and gas complex is slow, the gas is relatively easy to spread, while the negative degree of polarization is not apparent, the process battery charging electric potential gradually taken over the load current drops rapidly, less inclined to charge the battery.

 

When the AGM separator is not completely saturated, there is gas left in the circuit end of charge, oxygen evolving complex generated on the negative plate depolarization, so that power and the charging voltage of the battery electric potential difference reduces the trend has slowed the rate of load current decline has slowed enough to protect the battery power. Dell Inspiron 9200 battery  Dell Inspiron 9300 battery

 

Separator saturation level is too low, you can not make full use of active electrode, increasing the cost of materials. When saturation is high tide, due to the battery positive electrode active material less, resulting in a cycle shorter life battery. The AGM separator saturation controlled at 92% ~ 96%, and increase the life cycle of the battery.