Digital battery

Use rechargeable batteries for laptops, one of the advantages of the desktop, it can greatly facilitate a variety of environments using Sony VGP-BPL8 Sony VGP-BPL8A laptops. Introduced the first battery is nickel cadmium batteries (NiCd) battery but has a “memory effect”, each charge is required before the evacuation, very easy to use, and soon found himself nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH ) replaced, NiMH not only failed to “memory effect”, but can do more per unit weight of 10% of electricity. The battery most commonly used is lithium-ion battery (Li-Ion), it is also ineffective “memory, compared to NiMH per unit of weight gain more power, the price two times higher than the NiMH . In the same weight, these three kinds battery is 1:1.2:1.9 ratios.

 

Notebook batteries currently used in three main categories: 1. Nickel-chromium batteries, 2. Ni-MH battery, 3. Lithium, they are generally expressed as: Ni-Cd Ni-Cd, Ni-MH Ni-MH, lithium-ion battery LI.

 

The purchase or replace the battery when the laptop for many users, “battery” may be unfamiliar. At the outset, batteries and batteries are two concepts. A battery is composed of several slightly bigger than your thumb, cylindrical, up to about 7.8 cm, 3.6 V is small units. They are the batteries, as a small battery, thanks to the combination series, that is, we see that the battery a. Then talk about how to determine if the battery is several nuclei: Inspiron 1520 battery Inspiron 1521 battery

 

One way: Disconnect the battery for the number of contacts to see, there are a few tens of cores. But it is a “minister” approach. Let’s take a look at “Cao Chong” is how, “said the elephant”: the look of your battery nominal number of v, such that 14.4v, then divided by 3.6 to 4, then turned out to be four batteries together in series. And then take a look at the capacity of the battery pack, for example 3800mAh, then prove that the two aforementioned sets of batteries in series, because the battery capacity is 1500 small - 2000mAh, more importantly, to two to reach 3800mAh. In both cases, the battery is 4 × 2 = 8 cores.

 

The composition of laptop battery

 

Notebook battery from the shells, printed circuit boards and batteries belonging lithium ion battery. People talk about batteries in general refers to the number of batteries in the battery mAh refers to the ability of the laptop battery.

 

Mainly by the protection circuit (or the secondary circuit protection), and the capacity of the circuits in two parts, the laptop battery charge and discharge management and safety.

 

Time Laptop Battery standby mainly by the value mAh decide. Under normal circumstances, a little more PA3399U-2BAS PA3399U-1BRS battery, the mAh value is greater than longest standby time. Battery life for notebook mainly by the charge and discharge times to measure the quality of the products are generally eligible to 500-600 times. Therefore, efficient use of laptop batteries within two years expired the battery is aging, standby affect the strong decrease of the mobility of laptops.

 

Laptop battery advice

 

Indeed, how to make good use of the battery Batteries, how to extend his schedule and use of living and so on, is undoubtedly the troubled mind of the majority of laptop users, a problem the use of laptop batteries There are many methods and techniques that we use usually requires more learning and application.

 

(A) Quick access to hibernation

 

No temporary use of portable computers to conserve battery power, you can set the agenda for power management, allowing the system to enter sleep mode after a period of time, but more or shorter will wait a few minutes, there is no way to make the system of the laptop immediately enter the sleep state? ThinkPad T43 battery ThinkPad T60 battery

 

Notebook computer system to allow quick access to the latent state of a simple method is to directly close the display. Press the representation would require little effort, you can make notebook computers to standby mode immediately and effectively save power. When you need to reuse the time, as long as the opening screen, the system automatically returns to pre-condition.

 

(B) the screen saving mode

 

TFT is the most important components of portable computer power to reduce its use of the battery when the power consumption, notebook makers have devised ingenious schemes, but generally are based on the screen brightness lower and even off the screen mode.

 

In some settings management of laptop power you can customize the brightness of the screen, most laptops with a shortcut keys specific adjust the brightness of the screen, typically 6 to 8-setting brightness level. Studio 1536 battery Studio 1537 battery

 

(C) Energy saving settings

 

Office machines using alternating current, most people may not be the computer attached great importance to energy saving features, but need to use batteries for laptops, using the Energy saving features should be taken seriously. How to design computer hardware more energy efficient, not a user problem to be solved. The user can be installed on the computer of the efficient use of energy saving option.

 

Energy saving settings require the user to set two: First, the computer BIOS setup program on energy saving in the profile settings, the most important thing is that there Energy savings in many settings of the operating system and operations. In the practical implementation of computer systems, Windows systems should outweigh the energy savings settings in the CMOS settings.

 

1. BIOS power saving settings

 

In the CMOS settings, most had a “power savings”, which may choose to “MaximumBatteryLife” and “Maximum Performance” and other options. “MaximumBatteryLife” is the recording power default setting mode. Computer power saving mode phones in several states such as F4809A F4812A Idle mode Idle mode, StandbyMode standby (standby) mode, SuspendMode suspend (sleep) mode. Notebooks, these parameters were able to regulate the consumption of energy, mainly in computer power saving state, the timely closure of some without the use of system equipment. If the state of waiting, turn off the monitor and hard drives, Hibernating apart from a rigorous monitoring and the hard drive, but also the memory contents can be saved on the hard drive, basic maintenance of the overall system of the computer closed, once activated, or restart the computer , office will be refurbished and pre-hibernation state. Energy saving settings in the CMOS, mainly determined by the IdleMode in StandbyMode the standby time set by the standby mode to enter SuspendMode time SuspendTimeout. Carnets PhoenixBIOS are most common. Energy saving various BIOS settings may be somewhat different, it should carefully read the screen.

 

2. Windows in the energy saving settings

 

For the average user in the Windows system to operate a better understanding of energy management can be simpler. Windows Help file in the “management hardware and software” entries, there are two laptops equipped with energy-saving elements on “Manage Energy Use” and “use of mobile machinery “in the laptop power management.” Energy saving settings in Windows, read the contents. Tecra A3 battery Tecra A4 battery

 

In the Windows “Control Panel”, “power management click, you can open the” Power Management Properties “dialog box. In the” Power Management Properties “dialog should be” power management “is set to “Laptop” and reasonable settlement “system delay”, “close the Monitors”, “Turn off hard disks” and other options. Another computer can control the opportunity to have some differences, options for the new plant and the latest computer software will be easier to implement, the detailed parameters should be based on characteristics of the computer and Windows files help to complete.

 

In addition, if your laptop integrated infrared port, no time to ban it, it can be extended the life of the laptop battery.

 

(D) Alarm settings

 

Set alarm battery time to prompt the user to record information. Is to click on Open “Control Panel”, double-click “Power” option, point “alarm” menu bar, alarm, battery low “default Windows98 column is 10%,” a serious shortage of battery alarm “Windows98 default column is 3%, may be according to the need for appropriate changes. Click the [Alarm Response] button, the warning “voice” and “displays” are selected, the “power level” May of time to select. Alarm limits so that when the battery is used, it will display a warning dialog and the buzzer alarm sounds to alert the user to record information about the delay. Finally click [OK] to exit the settings of power management. Vostro 1310 battery Vostro 1320 battery

 

(E) Opens the energy save function

 

In the “technology of extended laptop battery life ’section, we introduce the energy saving feature is the use of processor technology, which allows the performance of laptops are playing with their life stack between the time to achieve the best balance.

 

Most new notebook models in both the BIOS of the processor energy saving technology have given support, is enabled by default, if not open until the Enter the BIOS will support the option to open OK.

 

(Vi) The use of third party software to monitor battery status

 

In addition to Windows built-in features power management, there are many utilities available to monitor the battery status. For example, PowerCenter is a power monitoring tool available for free download (http://meMBers.xoom.com/TimothyBug/powercenter/index.htm). Only 800kb, is designed for computer software notebook services. In addition to the amount of PowerCenter shows the percentage of battery, but also to show the actual time and hours of time can be used. NF343 G1947

 

PowerCenter total of three display types.

(1) FullDisplay: In the window displays detailed information, including the use of battery or AC power, the percentage of the battery and the remaining time available.

(2) CompactDisplay: in use is always above the window.

(3) MinimizeDisplay: PowerCenter reduced to make the Windows taskbar, the display of information is relatively simple.

 

PowerCenter is also attached to a control center may be composed of six types of warning. When the battery - to a certain level, a warning time user, save the file being processed. In order not to waste electricity and CPU resources, PowerCenter to automatically detect the changes of state of the batteries.

 

(G) turns deliberately battery

 

Short battery on a regular basis to ensure a full charge. If you need to run completely out of battery power in the specific approach are: the dialog PowerManagement, BatteryDrain choose this particular method of feeding, all three options RunningonBatteries are fixed forever, this laptop will run. Select mode, then enter the Alerts tab and remove the warnings checkbox LowBattery and CriticalBattery check (yes, when the battery is low, the machine will not go into the suspended state). Then leave the computer running the CPU time of tasks, such as the computer automatically perform a number of computational complexity of the 3D demo program, so running out of 361742-001 371785-001 battery remaining, of course, these disposal N Do not forget to unplug the AC plug.

An important meeting ever in the middle or a long flight battery exhausted? Although the use of advanced Sony VGP-BPS10A Sony VGP-BPS10A/B battery technology, your laptop can go to one charge of electricity consumption of time. This technique is in order to take full advantage of available power.

 

If your time is only allowed to do something.

 

How to use energy savings power plan to maximize battery life. Later, you can always return to the article attempts to make more energy saving tips. To select the savings plan program, the “Control Panel” and open the Power Options. ”

 

Now, you may have a way to ensure laptop has always had the power. Maybe you take an extra battery or power lines, so that when there are electrical outlets on hand, they can charge the laptop (should always check the manufacturer’s instructions to learn more about the best how to charge the battery).

 

When these strategies fail, the next is given a computer to help prolong battery life in another way. Inspiron 640m battery Inspiron E1405 battery

 

Select energy saving power management. Power plan is to control the supply mobile PC how to manage a collection of hardware and system settings. Windows Vista has three default plans:

 

Found a balance. To provide better performance (if applicable), but the computer is idle can save energy.

 

On energy conservation program. To extend battery life the better choice. Is the cost? Performance degradation.

 

Performance. Under the battery life to maximize system performance.

 

The power plan

 

Click on the taskbar notification area icon Windows battery indicator.

 

Choose from three power plan defaults to “balanced”, “Energy-saving program,” or “high performance”. PA3451U-1BRS PA3399U-1BAS

 

You can also create your customized plans Energy Efficiency Program. For more information, please refer to the power management: frequently asked questions.

 

Reduce screen brightness. Monitors use more electricity than any other hardware are more (or even more than the hard disk and the central processing unit (CPU) has more). Some laptops with a dedicated button or dial-up, can be used to change the brightness of the screen (please check the information with your computer or visit the manufacturer’s website). Usually, you can also start from the Windows Mobility Center to adjust the display brightness. Windows Mobility Center in Windows Vista Home Basic, Windows Vista Home Basic, Windows Vista Enterprise Windows Vista Business and Windows Vista Ultimate po For more information, please “help and support” search “Windows Mobility Center.

 

Windows shutdown before shorten the time display. If you are the “short time” are not using a laptop, you can make Windows a certain time of inactivity after the turn off the screen for energy saving purposes. IBM ThinkPad T60 battery IBM ThinkPad R40 battery

 

Select Windows disable the time display

 

By clicking the “Start” button, then click “Control Panel”, “System and Maintenance, then click on” Power Options “, open the” Power Options. ”

 

In the “Select a power plan” on page pane, click the option to disable the time display.

 

In the “Change Plan Settings”, “Turn off monitor” and select Next to the laptop running on battery power running and connected to the use of the screen and the sleep parameters.

 

Click “Save Changes.”

 

Close or remove unused equipment. A number of Universal Serial Bus (USB) device connected will. If you use a USB mouse, you can unplug the mouse to connect and use the touchpad or stylus to the conservation of energy. If you use a USB flash drive, please be removed when not in use.

 

Close PC cards and integrated wireless devices. These devices also use power. If you do not need these devices to work, please turn them off.

 

Mobile PC can be like a car, while the HSTNN-lB31 PB991A battery indicator may be regarded as a table of motor fuel. Open quick car engine uses more fuel, a can of gasoline mileage you can travel less. Similarly, in the laptop to perform the operation requires a lot of energy will run out of battery power more quickly, it is not prolonged use of laptops.

 

How accurate is the battery indicator?

 

The battery indicator is not entirely accurate at all times. Energy Mobile PC will change, depending on your current operations and the time it takes to perform operations (for example, to watch the DVD read and write e-mail consumes more energy) . Therefore, the battery indicator in the report and the estimated time remaining to lag in May. In addition, when cells age, fully loaded, expressed in less than 100% higher than the old battery connection battery consumption faster new.

 

Battery indicator information reported (fully charged and the remaining percentage of power in the laptop must be connected to power or replace the battery can be used before the hour), the accuracy depends on several factors. Most of those factors belonging to two categories:

 

The use of laptops to do. Because some activities to other activities consume the battery faster, an obvious difference in power needs to change to switch between the activities of rate laptop battery. The evaluation of the power of the battery may make a difference. The battery indicator in the rest of the time depends on the implementation of the current operation, and operate according to change in May next step. A1045 PowerBook G4 15 battery

 

Battery equipment and sensor boards. Most laptops use lithium-ion batteries. As with most lithium-ion battery high capacity energy storage could be reduced as the change is old, whether or not charging for them is true. As time passes, this storage capacity will have significant effects on changes in the accuracy of the battery indicator.

 

Note

 

If the frequent consumption of lithium-ion battery and then recharge, it will quickly lose the ability to retain power. End of the total consumption of the battery is fully charged after the approach has been applied to nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries, and to a lesser extent, the use of nickel-hydride batteries in metal. If there are frequent on the lithium-ion rechargeable battery, but every time a consumer less power can be maintained for at least 40% of capacity, lithium-ion batteries can be used longer.

 

Assign the battery indicator on the accuracy of the information and other factors include: measurement of battery temperature and the difference in energy consumption in the circuit, and circuits used to assess the remaining capacity and the equation of time. The new “smart” battery with the calculation of these indicators, reports based on the circuit battery indicator. The earlier the battery used in the circuit is not complex, may also be less accurate.

 

If the laptop battery will not be able to retain power, or if you want to reload each day, he discovered several times, please consider replacing the Tecra A6 battery Tecra A7 battery.

 

These techniques can help you make full use of a single battery charge, and to avoid depletion of the battery problem.

Supporting the infrastructure of modern society must be based on a very high operational reliability. Internet and telecommunications switching center server farms to ensure nearly 100% of sentence “without run-time” or availability of the system, they rely primarily on a very mature technology - lead Sony VGP-BPS9/S Sony VGP-BPS9A battery of acid, while the center of data storage used in high technology. Typically, these key nodes, and many other important areas are equipped with standby power, the supply of electricity in standby mode is usually the first level inverter, the inverter pair of VRLA (VRLA) battery or yield similar battery sealed gel battery assembly section of energy conversion.

 

The reason why traditional techniques are widely used, there are many reasons, including lead acid batteries affordable, but also with exceptional reliability. But while Great but not perfect. VRLA battery life is limited (generally 12 years of life from conception), often mission critical systems using the battery as a source of backup power, but changed regularly. Failure may indeed occur. In a typical standby power, the role of the battery as its name - they still maintain a fully charged state to await the primary power failure. And when fully responsible for the prosecution small current through the float “charge to keep. If the float current is below a ceiling, then the battery in the gas produced by electrolysis will be re-chemical combination. In this case, a single voltage battery float is slightly higher than the standard value of 2.27 V, may also damage the battery. A little more tension will cause precipitation of the electrolyte capacity of more recombination more gas, these gases are not handled by the overflow valve. If the battery temperature is too high, even if the charging voltage is appropriate, can lead to loss of electrolytes. Inspiron 630m battery Inspiron 640m battery

 

Other methods of early termination of sulfation, columns and very bad network connection, the connection plate to the network and evil, the stratification of electrolyte and a grid to accelerate corrosion. There is still another, if a failure mode low, but catastrophic - thermal runaway, which is peculiar to VRLA gel batteries, and a failure mode can lead to catching fire. The only way to avoid thermal runaway is to control the internal temperature of the battery.

 

Simply monitoring the battery voltage on the detection of lead-acid battery capacity decline in the role is very limited, it has been recognized in the industry. When the battery performance diminishes, it is usually presented is that the nominal voltage, until the release of large currents can only apparent, but when its capacity has been considerably reduced voltage drop prematurely. By measuring the proportion of electrolyte to determine the condition of the battery accurately, the method of the VRLA or sealed gel batteries do not apply; routine battery of tests used in the only way is to discharge the battery to a state controlled the next, but this approach need to stop using the battery. In addition, the depth of discharge also reduces the life of lead acid battery; in on a regular basis to conduct its test backup battery discharge, and its principal power with high reliability of the system, most programs use this test to determine the battery life. Satellite M55 battery Tecra A3 battery

 

Recently, continuous monitoring may be a non-interference electronic method of detecting a single cell near the failed state, this method can not only save costs, while maintaining overall system availability. The predecessor of these systems is usually measured cell or battery (battery industry term meaning that the shell in the same packages multiple battery) voltage - despite its limitations is well known - with charge / discharge current and temperature ambient. Some systems attempt to guess the extent or strength of the internal battery, its effectiveness varies.

 

LEM Sentinel system is dependent on basic parameters of a simple analog measurement of change leading product has now become the first of three generations of the Sentinel III. It is tailored in a single chip SoC (System on Chip) IC on the integration of analog and digital technologies. The device configured in a measured terminal voltage, the temperature of the internal battery and internal resistance of the module, can provide accurate measurement results for the cost of new in most of the configuration of the backup system can afford in the budget system is the design of a key. IBM ThinkPad R51 battery  IBM ThinkPad R52 battery

 

Battery temperature and / or the internal impedance of the exponential growth, the value of the instructions they are close to failure, the system of records to track data over time, d ‘ identify possible approaches fail. All modules are configured Sentinel III with a probe for measuring the outside temperature or the patch can be bound directly to a single cell or battery casing to accurately monitor the battery temperature as much as possible.

 

The battery is used or is being loaded, you can use a mature technology assessment of the internal impedance. Typically, the float voltage superimposed DC measuring low AC voltage and AC current at that time, and then measures the results of the projection of the internal impedance, the methods of specific implementation are different. However, this method has limitations, it can not cope with a form of the exponential curve. And expiring at the failure process of a single cell in the data recorder of their failure to recognize the trends appeared in good condition, on the contrary, the problems of failure, the battery may be short term be completely ineffective.

 

LEM has developed a more sophisticated algorithm, which can be detected as early as possible is a single cell performance decay. The result is a methods test very reliable, it can completely penetrate the energy of a single layer of cells to ensure maximum reliability. It is commonly called the Randles equivalent circuit, based on the performance of the electrochemical cell from the electrical components of a network circuit, each electrical component consisting of a single cell of associated physical factors. PB994A PP2182D

 

The same features or capabilities during the discharge period of falling have also been confirmed. All the impedance of the equivalent circuit of factors are to follow curves similar fall in the early stages of failure or capacity, no significant change. If the impedance state to a single main battery indicator, it will not provide meaningful guidance, unless the volume down more than 25-30%. Because the industry standard is to replace the provisions of the performance has fallen below 80% of cell performance, it is clear that the importance of early identification of possible failure.

However, in the Randles equivalent circuit, there is a parameter in a battery failure unique (except for a simple metal corrosion, the parameters of this mode of failure by increasing Rm forthcoming) will start to change, ie CDL-in, double-layer capacitance. Figure 3 below Natiao curves of their properties; In addition, the stage performance in the ordinary course of normal cells, and the assumption that power is fully charged batteries failed, its curved shape is similar Cdl.

 

Monitoring Technology

 

This article does not detail the surveillance techniques as described below, a brief description of their behavior.

 

One by one, to feed test signals into a single cell, without requiring the entire battery in high current, there was no connection to the DC system external interference. Bipolar test signal using the original algorithm is modified, but the results show that the reliability of the signal pole. However, when tested with a unipolar signal, the DC drift. Easy to eliminate this drift and can not maintain all data features, which is characterized by precise determination of parameters needed. Use of frequency scanning signal pulse method rearrangement of different frequencies (including the test signal), allows the response of the battery voltage curves coincide with the book. RN873 Y6142

 

Once the curve derived from the potential to become a rule, you can set the firmware algorithm that style drift and eliminating it and thus be adapted to the direct input Sentinel algorithm, the average zero-sets of data voltage. This method can be reduced to the drift error of 0.1%, it will not cause a significant distortion of the data sets. Therefore, measures of waveform can also be used in the algorithm, so that the accuracy of equivalent circuit parameters above.

 

Dealing with many measurement functions and algorithms have been integrated in a monolithic integrated circuit. Sentinel module can measure a single monomer battery, also measured on all 12V battery). Up to 250 measuring points are the forms module for measurement, the measurement results can be submitted by a data bus dedicated to the battery from the data recorder, S-Box. In the large-scale systems of the battery may be a few stocks such as data flow synthesis, which is a management system locally or remotely, can make use of the S-Box in the embedded web server through a standard bus or an Internet connection to use these data streams.

 

SOC by using measures to determine the actual status of each battery, not only can provide fault detection, near this sophisticated monitoring framework will be able to have functions; can also configure other functions and services. Aspire 3000 battery LCBTP03003

 

For example, the battery internal resistance within a single cell is usually different. Over time, this state will be a problem. SoC intelligent control system can quickly detect this single cell, the terminal voltage optimization system can be transferred can not continue to charge a single battery floating around the news…

 

Real-load time management can extend the battery life: In the voltage across the same situation, VRLA battery float in the current ratio flooded high-tech batteries. This may accelerate corrosion of the anode plate, which reduces the effective life of the battery up to 30%. On the life of a certain percentage of the float can be reduced to eliminate this bad effect. However, side effects such as the life cycle are also an advantage is to reduce the incidence of thermal runaway.

 

Installing a battery pack can also provide the full life cycle of the voltage and temperature records, that manufacturers and users use. Vostro 1510 battery Vostro 1520 battery

 

Over-discharge protection: The device in the charger / UPS systems are common, especially in the battery monitor, they are based on the average voltage of individual cells of the termination of the landfill to protect the battery. However, the poor performance of the voltage across the battery may be much lower than the average voltage in the battery, but also in its termination voltage is reached before the landfill was good. Therefore, the development of a dynamic high-accuracy ‘Time to Run (outstanding Running)’ algorithm, in any single cell will be depleted when an alert is given.

 

Monitoring of battery backup required parameter as detailed as possible in order to generate the most accurately reflects the results of the battery status. This is not just a technical problem, is also an economic issue. Avoid battery failure is essential, but replaced prematurely and did not even approach the end of the battery life is extremely profitable. In addition to the measurement of each battery voltage, impedance and discharge performance, LEM will also measure the internal temperature of the battery is defined as a standard feature, is a leading global position. LEM is currently developing a magnetic flux, the sensor technology is to float, with a resolution greater than 10mA, with little or no drift of temperature, high current discharge with almost no residual magnetism, the repeatability of measurements better. The integration of these advanced features, the battery monitor is more expensive systems, but the overall life of extreme cost-effective management system. Studio 17 battery Studio 1735 battery

1 Introduction

 

The supply current lithium Sony VGP-BPS2B Sony VGP-BPS2C battery supply system development the main question is: After the battery in a group of security and life has decreased significantly, and even the fire of the battery frequent explosions and other serious accidents. The main reason contributing to this problem lies in battery technology Lithium Power Group, the study group applied technology and equipment, delays in development, to secure the integration of power lithium battery system to provide users of technology of lithium batteries integration of systems and products to solve the current problem and to promote the development of the power of lithium important subject.

 

Currently, the only battery power lithium has been basically have the extension and application conditions, but the technology of existing group, the group applied technology and equipment levels are not yet ripe. In other words, only lithium battery basically resolved the issues of security and life, and promotes the development of the power of lithium, the key is the cell technology, the technology group and BMS. Inspiron 6000 battery Inspiron 9300 battery

 

Determine the quality of individual cells in a group of post-quality battery power. In applications of battery power, the consistency of single-cell performance is particularly important given the current level of process control single manufacturing cell, through the battery produced in accordance with its actual performance filter, group, assembly is a realistic way. Currently, implementation of screening in industrial production, gathering method is based on the battery post in a small number of static parameters, with the group on drums, with the set control standard determines the distribution group completed the battery when the battery status of the single line of each sex. In the battery pack in use, the group differences in each state of the single battery battery appear gradually. Battery Management System (BMS) battery using process management, battery status in every single cell to adapt to a certain extent, you can keep the battery status in each cell of the unique coherence in order to avoid differences in the state cells caused by the accelerated deterioration of battery performance. The development needs of lithium batteries to raise the level of control of production process, the Panel selection of drums and distribution methods and systems for effective KD476 TD347 battery management and promote jointly.

 

2 lithium batteries power the concept of security and life

 

2.1 The root causes of insecurity in the battery

 

When the battery is part of the deviation occurs, as when the internal short circuit, discharge, high current overload, it will generate much heat, causing the battery to the system increases the temperature. When the battery system and achieve a higher temperature, resulting in a series of side effects, so the battery produces heat damage due to battery electrolyte flammable liquid, so the worst case, the battery would catch fire [1].

 

In the case of non-normal use (such as overhead), lithium battery anode ion is likely to surface, the electron precipitation as lithium metal, and gradually assembled in a lithium dendrite perforated diaphragm, Connectivity is negative, causing the battery internal micro-short. Lithium-ion batteries used in high compression, high-boiling point organic electrolyte. In the short-circuit, overload, high temperature and not the other-the conditions of normal use, the lithium-ion battery internal temperature increases, the electrolyte may be decomposed into a number of gas will be generated within the waterproof case for relatively high pressure. Once this pressure great enough to break the casing of the battery, rupture occurs, and even lead to combustion or explosion [2]. A1175 MacBook Pro 15 inch battery

 

High power load and discharge the large capacity lithium-powered batteries in the harsh conditions of use of part of the battery easier to induce deviations occur, giving rise to questions security.

 

2.2 Battery Management System (BMS) the important role of

 

Battery Li-ion power ideal for high performance, consistency, as long as the use of the filling process, however, well placed, there is no security problem, but the reality is that the plant quality mobile phone battery in full conformity with the standards, but should use an incident of explosion, Pack laptop battery is also continuing fire, explosions, and product recalls reported. Of life resulting from the battery until the end of recovery, there are security issues, even at the plant in full compliance with international safety standards in the course of evolution of the state of Security in a state of insecurity and of good quality, single cell performance to reach the lifetime limit of gradual decline, poor quality of the single cell, as part of its performance will start to appear and a variety of abnormal deterioration recession, worried about the insecurity of the state to enter. It is a gradual process of incremental changes. The battery management system is that unlike some battery manufacturers as a luxury but a must have, but also applied consistently throughout the battery. Applications of the battery management system at home and abroad have been many studies and start in many areas have been able to meet the needs of specific markets, applications, power lithium battery for the system of advanced battery management requirements more stringent to ensure the safe use of battery power, battery power lithium-management system the primary task. Satellite A80 battery Satellite M100 battery

 

3 Battery Management Systems

 

A typical battery charge balance system management, its methods of work is to connect a battery good set of charges at the same time, each battery of simple tests in the battery voltage terminal when a single voltage battery terminal is high, individual cells in parallel with the balance of the circuit for the diversion battery, reduce speed single battery charge and the rate of terminal voltage increases, so that the only voltage battery terminal tends to a balanced line, thereby to avoid the standard battery charge of each single battery and discharge characteristics differences affect battery life. As the shunt charging the battery in parallel with the monomer part of the pricing of energy consumption of a balanced circuit, fever balanced circuit, a balanced circuit balanced the limited capacity. For high capacity, high power, high current load, the remaining balance of the capacity of the circuit can respond to real needs.

 

In the last part of the life of the battery, battery performance, the gradual internal deterioration, under the old ceiling value of rejection and constant current charge-discharge or recharge values occur in May excessive discharge, more responsible, leading to a further deterioration of the battery internal resistance and other parameters, charge and discharge process of the battery will be seriously hot, the existing BMS, but it can monitor the battery temperature increases heat anomaly of the external load or discharge path, but this time the battery is already in a state of insecurity, to cut the access road can not prevent the cell from the electrochemical reaction process except the battery continues to warm, and even a risk of explosion still exists. Anomalies of temperature increases in the farm, suddenly cut the path of discharge for the equipment require continuous power supply, such as electric vehicles, in May, the device to perform the security issues. Tecra A4 battery Tecra A5 battery

 

4 based on measuring the internal resistance and state of the battery system management more

 

Studies have shown that with the battery charge - discharge cycles increases, reduced battery capacity, increases the internal resistance of the battery, the battery performance degradation and eventually internal failure complete process is a gradual and cumulative, inconsistencies in the group will accelerate the battery in the battery state of insecurity.

 

This paper presents a comparison of the measurement of internal resistance and the management system of the state of the battery, as shown in Figure 1, to control the heart of microcontroller, pre-stored in the memory of every single voltage battery terminal under different resistance values of the initial value and the error allowed the charging process of each single cell in different sections of the voltage rate of rise of tension terminal and the error allow the value of the cumulative value of the load, the load voltage, the discharge voltage range, charging cut-off voltage, the discharge cut-off voltage, battery temperature, the range load current value and perception of current error to allow the value of discharge current to protect the value of a balanced starting voltage, the value of parameters such as voltage unbalance. Charging and discharging process of loading and unloading process of testing various parameters of each charging process before the process of billing and charging after the battery to measure and record every single potential terminal battery terminal voltage rising rate the load current, load volume and internal resistance of the battery, and with measured and recorded before the charging parameters to compare, analyze the amount of battery charge and battery only internal resistance, the voltage of terminal voltage terminals to increase the rate of volume change to determine the battery internal process performance and the extent of deterioration to the failure of the battery and can be an early warning of security problems. The charge and discharge process for the implementation of expense controls and protection of termination of discharge voltage, temperature protection, protection against overcurrent, while the charging process by the cell voltage below represent the monomer flow balanced approach so that the series voltage at the battery terminals of each cell line alone, in order to avoid the state of each cell only difference battery life impact. Sony VGP-BPS10A Sony VGP-BPS10A/B

 

The system of 10 batteries 20Ah in test series, using 5A load at constant current 2A represent a balanced circulation system form a balanced flow of the effect is very obvious that no additional heat, but also to facilitate the ‘energy saving control.

 

Many factors affect the resistance to change, especially the resistance of the internal battery within the whole life cycle variation of the study requires a lot of experiments, the experimental program under way, including the rejection a stack of a simulated operating conditions throughout the life of the testing process.

 

5 Conclusion

 

Before each charge, during and after the load sensing and recording the process of collecting the amount of battery voltage, current, resistance, battery temperature, charging time and other parameters to calculate the amount of each parameter change and changes in rates and with the original presets to compare accurately to assess the ongoing performance of the battery, the size of the warning of possible security problems when using battery Rechargeable batteries provide high security protection. With electric vehicles, for example, even if there is warning battery safety, the driver has at least a few days of free time to deal with maintenance, rather than forced to disconnect immediately.

 

The process of charging the lower voltage batteries make up the monomer flow equalization charge, reducing the difference between the status of each single battery to improve battery life, while avoiding the burden of balancing the balance of the circuit During the heating problem significantly improve the ability to balance, high capacity, high power applications the battery has a significant effect. Inspiron 640m battery Inspiron E1405 battery

 

A complete record of the process of charging the battery charging process for each volume, voltage, current, resistance, battery temperature, charging time and other parameters, which records the rechargeable electrical parameters of the life cycle process of change for Battery Failure Analysis Group provides a database.

Sony Battery is a “consumable”, the degree of damage depends on the Sony VGP-BPS8 Sony VGP-BPS8A battery when you use the battery to the correctness of the operation, the mode of operation, the operating frequency, the temperature of the working environment, time storage (for batteries not used), etc. Factor.

 

1. The battery charge and discharge rate is directly related to battery life, in general, the number of battery charge and discharge lithium of about only 400 ~ 600 times, an improved product, but no 800 times, each time the battery on the end use of a step forward. (When the power of 85% or less of the battery will be recorded and increase the number of times on a single charge.)

 

To this end, when the battery voltage exceeds the battery management process highlighted departure 96% charge, and your current place where there is 220V AC, they should make full use of alternating current to minimize number of recharging the battery to extend the life of the battery.

 

At this stage the battery is not necessary to remove the device because it will not start more than 96% of electricity to recharge the battery. But even so, if you use a long-term supply and rarely used the battery, it is recommended, or remove the battery from the machine to compare well, because the long duration of heat generated when the mobile RN873 GW240 battery will cause some damage. It should be noted that in such cases, once the AC-powered power outages, you have not saved data will facilitate the absence of cell loss, it was a failure, the user must carefully weigh.

 

2. When power is 3 ~ 5%, it must be current to charge the battery or the battery self-discharge phenomenon causes an excessive discharge and damage to the battery, loading the machine and may be arrested suspend any other state, may also be used during charging while.

 

Pricing must be complete, otherwise it will damage the battery. This is based on the reduced sufficiently to avoid an increase in the number of cycles of charge cycles and shorten battery life, rather than due to “memory function” issue, lithium batteries, unlike nickel -cadmium batteries and nickel-hydride batteries have metal “memory characteristics, lithium batteries have no memory” characteristics. ”

 

If the loading machine shutdown or hibernation, when the load to 3 ~ 4 hours after the state indicators are Green Power beats no more, time has reached a capacity of 100 per cent, it is appropriate withdrawal the AC power plug to prevent the battery charging higher damage the battery. A1045 PowerBook G4 15 battery

 

If the machine is idle load, blocking or side with the state of charge time, then when the load to 3 ~ 4 hours after the state indicators are Green Power beats no more, the battery automatically exit the charge state.

 

Charging process to make a fast loading, when the yellow light power status indicator light (Chang-liang), filled to a certain a certain value in the trickle charge current is slow, when the light condition of power blinks green, the color becomes, was filled with 100%, after it turns green (Chang-liang) of. Charging process of lithium is the constant pressure approach, and began charging voltage which will soon stabilize, while the current becomes smaller and smaller.

 

3. Power is not fully discharged before (eg electricity at 5 ~ 100%), to recharge the battery, otherwise they will reduce the load to increase with the number of cycles of charge cycles and shorten the battery life.

 

When power is 5 ~ 95% battery must be used, so the use of AC Power Adapter will charge the battery (charging state side by side). Satellite A80 battery Satellite M100 battery

 

4. When the power is 96 ~ 100% and the battery removed from the machine can use the AC adapter on, use the AC Power Adapter AC when you please put the DC output plug on the plug into the machine, then plug AC power plug on 220V ~ socket; deleted when the adapter should be first, then unplug the power cord from the machine, unplug the AC adapter DC output device. Otherwise, they could damage your equipment.

 

Using the AC power adapter when the AC power socket to plug it into 220V ~ socket, while the indicator for power status on the machine yet, gave the first (Note : During this period of approximately 5 seconds long), please press the power button to turn, stop or enter sleep, in addition to the fires of green power status indicators have been extinguished all other things, make timely 220V ~ unplugging the power outlet socket (not later than 5 seconds), AC power plug pulled out after about 5 seconds, Green Power status indicator light turns off, otherwise the battery will overcharge and damage the battery. Blocked state due to power adapter is still non-discharge state, the procedures for system power management and chip power management for battery inside the interface circuit composed of 5 seconds some will be automatically transferred to the “off state of charge, and charge the batteries. (If necessary, may, from time to unplug the machine output plug of the AC Power Adapter DC, this time, the battery is discharged through the AC adapter around.) FRU 92P1141 40Y6799

 

If the suspension of work to wait for the machine to enter, or suspend state, no 220V ~ socket disconnect the power cord so when the machines still have the power to maintain. (Not recommended for some time to make the machine enters a wait or suspend the state to take care of your machine.)

 

5. IBM indicators of ThinkPad notebooks information technology have emphasized the “battery” are the manufacturers are measured under conditions specific to the indicator used in our normal phones can not be achieved under the conditions of, for example: information technology-related indicators have shown the “battery” for 4 hours, we can not get the normal of about 3.5 hours of battery power. If the difference is very far and is still under warranty, contact IBM frisky.

 

Maintenance and storage

 

1. If the battery is a long time (several months) are not, we should start the machine remove the saved backup. Recommended that every once and a half or two times the discharge of the battery and the charge order to improve the condition of your battery to increase battery capacity. hp Pavilion dv8000 battery  hp Pavilion dv4 battery

 

2. If the battery is not a long time, it should be set at 30 ~ 50% in equities, it is recommended to charge the battery about once a year, and its capacity is 30 ~ 50%, to prevent excessive discharge and damage to the battery. The battery is 30 ~ 50% of the specific method of operation: When the battery is above 50%, we can turn the power at 30 ~ 50%. If the power consumption of less than 30% when the power first start at 3%, then recharge to 100% and then turn 30 ~ 50% energy can be.

 

3. Do not put the battery temperature and a cold environment, the battery performance is temporarily reduced. Must be in standby mode to save battery power and storage of the State placed in places of lower temperature for the battery, the best temperature range is about 10 ~ 20 degrees Celsius.

 

Load start value is set, the system tray, click the plug (when you start using AC), or a large battery icon white (when you use the battery during startup) / select Improve Battery Health / edit pricing below when the Start value. TravelMate 290 battery BATBL50L6

 

Do not prolong the charge cycle deliberately use substantially changed the management programs charging battery, a starting value, because when you load a low start value set (eg 80%), but with the battery using the AC adapter “charge with the” cycle may take up to three or four months, but if the battery when its use is required to have to deal with their re-activate, otherwise the state of the battery capacity of the poor. It’s actually increased the number of charge cycles and shorten battery life. In addition, the battery every month and a half or so in need of a landfill and order load, which is due to receive a low starting value (eg 80%) after extended charging cycles will be more obvious with the direction.

 

After the battery is fully charged, because the phenomenon of self-discharge capacity fell to 96% usually last about 50 days, while the battery every month and a half or so just need a landfill and load order, it is clear to us from IBM pre-charge starting value of 96% is not unreasonable. However, with aging batteries, the battery is fully charged after the phenomenon of self-discharge of electricity due to fall to 96% of the time may be shortened, this time we need to pay a little more low starting value, so the only time in a month and a half about. A1021 M7332

 

If you often need to live in the office and equipment, between the “two cities” campaign to curb the office with the power adapter supply, while the unit cell site operation, it is recommended that you charge a starting value is set at 6%; This will reduce the load to avoid increasing the number of charge cycles with shortened life cycles of the battery, and will not affect the care of the battery when the laptop movable point.

 

Please note that the issues addressed in the text is limited to IBM ThinkPad notebooks, other brands of machines this article for reference only, since the machines of different brand, its system of power management and control procedures and management of the battery of the battery monitoring programs are not the same rules. GD761 KD476